船舶舵减横摇H∞鲁棒控制系统

研究了船舶舵减横摇鲁棒控制系统设计问题。根据船舶运动和流体力学原理,指出了舵上产生的横摇力矩及船舶航向(艏摇)与横摇的分频特性,是舵-航向/横摇综合控制技术的基础。提出广义输出干扰的概念,将舵减横摇控制系统广义对象的奇异控制问题转化为非奇异标准控制问题,给出了艏摇/横摇耦合运动的线性分式变换模型和广义对象状态空间实现,设计了舵减横摇H∞鲁棒控制系统,并用结构奇异值理论对所设计的系统进行了鲁棒稳定性和鲁棒性能分析。通过数字仿真,证明所设计的控制系统具有良好的减摇控制效果和鲁棒性。     

舵减摇仿真研究

本文通过建立船舶操纵运动和周期性摇荡运动的耦合数学模型，进行了舵减摇仿真研究。计算表明，只要适当选择舵角控制函数中的反馈系数，可以在合理的转舵速率和允许的航向变化幅度下取得满意的减摇效果。     

基于升摇效果分析新型船舶舵减摇潜力

为探究某新型船舶的舵减摇潜力,将该船舶的实际船体参数引入到船舶运动模型中,通过建立的Matlab仿真平台进行模拟仿真,观察船舶在不考虑海浪等环境干扰情况下,不同摆舵幅度和操舵频率对船舶横摇角的影响。根据横摇角的变化特点设计实验方案,探究该新型船舶在舵速限制下能产生的最大横摇角,分析船舶具备的舵减摇潜力。根据实验可知,通过合理的操舵策略,该船舶能够产生较大的横摇角,具备较好的舵减摇潜力。     

一种采用模糊控制的舵减摇系统的仿真研究

本文将模糊控制理论应用于船舶操纵及横摇运动控制，建立了舵用于操纵及减横摇的数学模型，开发了舵减摇模糊控制计算机仿真系统。仿真结果表明，在定常风或海流作用下，利用舵来保持船舶的船向，位置及减小船舶横摇都是非常有效的。     

船舶横摇首摇耦合运动前向智能模型的仿真分析

大量的统计数据表明,船舶发生的各种事故原因中,最为常见的船舶受海上大风浪影响,产生剧烈的摇摆和振荡导致船舶受损甚至倾覆。因此,研究船舶的减摇成为迫切的需要。船舶在海面上航行时,主要受到的作用力形式包括海浪作用力及力矩、海风力及力矩和洋流扰动作用力,当船舶受到的摇荡载荷超过船舶所能承受的载荷强度时,就会导致船体结构损坏。此外,当船体产生大幅度的横摇时,可能导致船舶的航向控制失灵,引发事故。本文充分结合神经网络算法,设计一种船舶横摇首摇耦合运动的前向智能控制模型,并介绍该控制模型的原理。     

船舶舵鳍联合减摇模糊变结构控制研究

分析了船舶运动的非线性模型,根据实际情况进行假设,得到了船舶舵鳍联合减摇控制系统的状态方程,把非线性船舶舵鳍联合控制模型转化为可控正则型;将船舶运动模型看作是由横摇、艏摇、横荡3个子系统构成的大系统,进行了舵鳍联合控制,设计了舵鳍联合控制器和分散非线性变结构控制器,为了改善控制的品质,又进一步提出了模糊趋近律变结构控制的方法,最后针对减摇控制器进行了MATLAB仿真研究。仿真结果表明:舵鳍联合控制器能够很好的抑制船舶的横摇和艏摇,并能尽可能的减小横荡。     

基于FDLQR的喷流舵船舶航向横摇控制研究

本文探讨了目标船在随机海浪干扰下的喷流舵减摇控制问题。首先,介绍喷流舵流体动力特性,并通过内插值获取理想线性控制输入。将水面船舶4自由度非线性耦合模型简化为3自由度直航线性模型,并针对单舵舵减摇控制问题,提出基于线性模型的分频线性二次型最优控制方法,构建了航向/横摇综合控制仿真数学模型。最后,在不同工况进行喷流舵控制对比仿真研究。结果表明,喷流舵在航向/横摇控制性能上可以获取更优的效果。设计的分频线性二次型最优控制器具有较强的性能跟踪能力,并兼顾到控制成本。基于该控制方法的喷流舵控制对实际船舶航向横摇控制,尤其在低航速航行时的控制具有重要的参考价值。     

波浪中船舶操纵横摇预报及舵效影响分析

基于经典MMG模型建立操纵性和横摇四自由度耦合模型,并利用耦合模型叠加波浪力的方式,论文对一艘S175自航船模进行波浪中操纵性和横摇预报,并根据自航模试验进行对比验证;其波浪力采用三维面元法计算,并根据船舶实时速度和遭遇浪向进行二维插值。在验证模型准确性后,对船舶在不同舵速、浪向角下的操纵运动进行时域模拟,比较了舵速和遭遇浪向对船舶舵效的影响,分析了浪向、波频对船舶操纵和回转时横摇的影响。     

基于变结构控制理论的船舶非线性控制仿真研究

为了提高船舶的航行安全性以及航行中的舒适性,设计了舵鳍联合减摇控制器.分析了船舶运动的非线性模型,根据实际情况进行假设,得到了船舶舵鳍联合减摇控制系统的状态方程,把非线性船舶鳍联合控制模型转化为可控正则型;将船舶运动模型看作是由横摇、艏摇、横荡3个子系统构成的大系统,进行了舵鳍联合控制,设计了分散变结构控制器,最后针对这类控制器进行了MATLAB仿真研究.仿真结果表明舵鳍联合控制器能够很好的抑制船舶的横摇和艏摇,并能尽可能大的减小横荡.     

高速舰船的运动模型适用性分析及海浪中的操纵仿真试验

船舶运动模型的建立对于船舶运动控制算法的研究以及自动舵的研制和陆基条件下的检测都具有重要意义。对于静水条件下中低速船的航迹航向控制,三自由度模型较为简单适用,然而高速舰船的操纵特性与中低速船不同,在回转过程中会产生较大的横倾角,横摇运动与首摇运动的耦合作用较明显。本文通过Matlab对DTMB5415驱逐舰进行四自由度的运动建模及操纵仿真实验,根据仿真试验与水池试验数据的对比,验证了四自由度模型的适用性,并进一步应用该模型分析了海浪干扰对高速舰船运动的影响。     

Circular motion tests and uncertainty analysis for ship maneuverability

Circular motion test data and uncertainty analysis results of investigations of the hydrodynamic characteristics of ship maneuvering are presented. The model ships used were a container ship and two tankers, and the measured items were the surge and sway forces, yaw moment, propeller thrust, rudder normal and tangential forces, pitch and roll angles, and heave. The test parameters were the oblique angle and yaw rate for the conditions of a hull with a rudder and propeller in which the rudder angle was set to zero and the propeller speed was set to the model self-propulsion conditions. Carriage data showing the accuracy of the towing conditions in the circular motion test are also presented. It was confirmed that the uncertainties in the hydrodynamic forces such as the surge and sway forces, yaw moment, rudder tangential and normal forces, and propeller thrust were fairly small. The reported uncertainty analysis results of the circular motion test data may be beneficial in validating data quality and in discussing reliability for simulation of ship maneuvering performance.     

Prediction of ship steering capabilities with a fully nonlinear ship motion model. Part 1: Maneuvering in calm water

This paper introduces a new method for the prediction of ship maneuvering capabilities. The new method is added to a nonlinear six-degrees-of-freedom ship motion model named the digital, self-consistent ship experimental laboratory (DiSSEL). Based on the first principles of physics, when the ship is steered, the additional surge and sway forces and the yaw moment from the deflected rudder are computed. The rudder forces and moments are computed using rudder parameters such as the rudder area and the local flow velocity at the rudder, which includes contributions from the ship velocity and the propeller slipstream. The rudder forces and moments are added to the forces and moments on the hull, which are used to predict the motion of the ship in DiSSEL. The resulting motions of the ship influence the inflow into the rudder and thereby influence the force and moment on the rudder at each time step. The roll moment and resulting heel angle on the ship as it maneuvers are also predicted. Calm water turning circle predictions are presented and correlated with model test data for NSWCCD model 5514, a pre-contract DDG-51 hull form. Good correlations are shown for both the turning circle track and the heel angle of the model during the turn. The prediction for a ship maneuvering in incident waves will be presented in Part 2. DiSSEL can be applied for any arbitrary hull geometry. No empirical parameterization is used, except for the influence of the propeller slipstream on the rudder, which is included using a flow acceleration factor.     

Roll-induced bifurcation in ship maneuvering under model uncertainty

In this paper, a mathematical model is developed for the maneuvering motion of a naval ship and bifurcations of its equilibrium are identified in roll-coupled motion. The subject ship is a high-speed surface combatant with twin-propeller twin-rudder system. Captive model tests are conducted for the ship using planar motion mechanism. Maneuvering coefficients are calculated by polynomial curve fitting of the test data. Uncertainty distribution in the coefficients is assumed same as that of the curve fitting errors. Uncertainty in the model coefficients is propagated to full-scale simulation results by the stochastic response surface method (SRSM). This method is computationally efficient as compared to standard Monte Carlo simulation technique. The SRSM uses polynomial chaos expansion of orthogonal to fit any probability distribution. Bifurcation analysis of the mathematical model is performed by varying the vertical center of gravity as the bifurcation parameter. Hopf bifurcation is identified. It is found that the bifurcations occur due to the coupling of roll motion with sway, yaw motion and rudder angle. In the presence of wind, roll angle response in bifurcation diagram is discussed.     

Prediction of the maneuverability of a large container ship with twin propellers and twin rudders

The maneuvering characteristics of a large container ship with twin propellers and twin rudders were investigated using the horizontal planar motion mechanism (HPMM) test and computer simulation. A mathematical model for maneuvering motion with four degrees of freedom (DOF) for twin-propeller and twin-rudder systems was developed and included the effects of roll motion. To obtain the roll-coupling hydrodynamic coefficients of a container ship, a four-DOF HPMM system having a roll motion mechanism and a roll moment measurement system was used. At the full load condition, HPMM tests were carried out for two different 12 000-TEU container ship models, one with twin propellers and the other with a single propeller. Using the hydrodynamic coefficients obtained from the tests, computer simulations were carried out. Simulation results for the container ship with twin propellers and twin rudders were compared with the results for the container ship with a single propeller and single rudder.     

基于LQR限宽水域中KVLCC2操纵运动控制研究

在航道宽度受限制的水域中,船舶会受到岸壁效应的影响,横向力与首摇力矩将发生变化,这会对船舶的航行安全产生不利的影响.鉴于此问题,本文应用现代控制理论最优控制LQR方法,对在限制水域中航行的超大型油轮KVLCC2的操纵运动进行控制研究.为便于LQR控制器的设计,采用线性状态空间形式的操纵运动方程,基于数值模拟获取的相应线性水动力系数,计算出使目标函数值最小的增益矩阵K,从而得到满足最优控制规律的时域舵角变化,实现对不同宽度水域中船舶运动的最优控制,并与极点配置控制法作比较,验证LQR控制器的优越性.结果表明,当船岸距离d/L≥1.2时,船舶基本不受岸壁效应的影响,控制幅度极小;当岸壁距离d/L=0.25时,摆舵角度将超过6°,同时船舶前进速度也将下降,下降幅度将超过前进速度的10%,岸壁效应明显.     

基于多目标遗传算法舵鳍联合减摇系统能量优化研究（英文）

Energy optimization is one of the key problems for ship roll reduction systems in the last decade. According to the nonlinear characteristics of ship motion, the four degrees of freedom nonlinear model of Fin/Rudder roll stabilization can be established. This paper analyzes energy consumption caused by overcoming the resistance and the yaw, which is added to the fin/rudder roll stabilization system as new performance index. In order to achieve the purpose of the roll reduction, ship course keeping and energy optimization, the self-tuning PID controller based on the multi-objective genetic algorithm(MOGA) method is used to optimize performance index. In addition, random weight coefficient is adopted to build a multi-objective genetic algorithm optimization model. The objective function is improved so that the objective function can be normalized to a constant level. Simulation results showed that the control method based on MOGA, compared with the traditional control method, not only improves the efficiency of roll stabilization and yaw control precision, but also optimizes the energy of the system. The proposed methodology can get a better performance at different sea states.     

Course stability and yaw motion of a ship in steady wind

In order to achieve safe navigation, it is important to be able to understand and calculate the effects of an external force on the maneuvering behavior of a ship. This paper analyzes the course stability and yaw motion of a ship traveling under steady wind conditions. A course stability criterion and approximate formulae for the yaw motion in steady wind, including the aero/hydrodynamic force derivatives for the ship, are derived. To confirm the reliability of the criterion and formulae, they were used to investigate a pure car carrier in steady wind. The results of this investigation revealed that course instability appears in the head and following wind directions, mainly under the influence of aerodynamic derivatives with respect to the yaw restoring forces. However, this course instability can be reduced by applying steering control. For winds ranging from head winds to beam winds, yaw oscillation appears when the period is relatively long and the damping is small. The analytical formulae derived here can be used to gain a better understanding of ship maneuvering behavior in steady wind.     

基于变结构控制理论的船舶非线性控制仿真研究

为厂提高船舶的航行安全性以及航行中的舒适性．设计了舵鳍联合减摇控制器。分析了船舶运动的非线性模型，根据实际情况进行假设，得到了船舶舵鳍联合减摇控制系统的状态方程，把非线性船舶鳍联合控制模型转化为可控正则型；将船舶运动模型看作是由横摇、艏摇、横荡3个子系统构成的大系统．进行了舵鳍联合控制，设计了分散变结构控制器，最后针对这类控制器进行了MATLAB仿真研究。仿真结果表明：舵鳍联合控制器能够很好的抑制船舶的横摇和艏摇，并能尽可能大的减小横荡。     

基于统一模型的船舶迎浪参数横摇数值预报及其舵减摇研究

国际海事组织（IMO）正致力于第二代完整稳性规范的制定,而参数横摇一直是船舶动态完整稳性研究的热点。文章采用考虑船舶操纵性和耐波性运动耦合的统一模型对迎浪规则波下的船舶参数横摇运动进行了时域数值模拟。在时域模型中,六自由度耐波性运动辐射绕射力采用切片理论计算,并由脉冲响应函数法转化到时域。非线性回复力和入射波力采用瞬时湿表面压力积分方法计算。操纵性运动基于MMG模型,依据统一理论将操纵性与耐波性运动进行耦合计算。文中先应用简化三自由度模型对三艘集装箱船进行了参数横摇样船计算,并进行了初步的模型实验验证,依据结果对比分析了横摇惯性矩、初稳性高和方形系数对参数横摇的影响。基于统一模型分析了操纵性运动对参数横摇的影响,并进行了参数横摇舵减摇研究。     

基于支持向量机的船舶操纵运动在线建模

支持向量机算法以结构风险最小化为准则,具有良好的泛化性,是一种先进的人工智能算法。文章根据最小二乘支持向量机对其增量式算法进行推导,并应用该算法对船舶操纵运动进行在线建模。通过仿真试验对粘性力和舵力水动力导数进行在线辨识,通过自航模试验对操纵性K、T指数进行在线辨识,并利用K、T指数对自航模的转首角速度进行了预报,所得结果都同试验值非常接近,证明了增量式最小二乘支持向量机应用于船舶操纵运动在线建模的有效性。