基于OpenFOAM的船舶与液舱流体晃荡在波浪中时域耦合运动的数值模拟

波浪中载液船舶运动激励舱内液体的晃荡,舱内液体晃荡产生的冲击力同时作用在舱壁上,进而影响船舶的运动姿态。波浪中船体水动力和时延函数是在势流理论范畴下采用切片法和脉冲响应函数方法计算获得的,液舱内液体非线性晃荡是基于粘性流理论实时计算模拟,两者耦合建立了波浪中载液船舶与液舱流体晃荡耦合的运动方程。论文基于开源CFD开发平台OpenFOAM,自主开发实现了船体运动与液舱晃荡的耦合计算程序,并进行了相应的数值模拟计算和验证工作。该方法完整地考虑了波浪、船体和液舱晃荡之间的耦合作用,并结合船体内外流场特点分别采用了势流和粘性流理论,具有较高的计算效率。通过数值模拟计算和模型实验研究表明,数值模拟计算能够清晰显现出液舱晃荡对船体全局运动影响,船体运动计算结果与模型实验结果吻合良好。     

波浪引起破损船的垂向运动和弯矩（英文）

The wave-induced vertical ship motions and bending moments of a double hull-oil tanker in realistic flooding conditions are studied. The scenarios investigated are represented by water ingress into the starboard ballast tanks for collision damage cases and both starboard and portside ballast tanks for grounding situations. Seakeeping computations are performed for eight damage scenarios and for the intact condition, each corresponding to different changes in displacement, trim, and heel. For each of the damage conditions, transfer functions of vertical motions and loads are calculated using a potential linear 3 D panel hydrodynamic code in the frequency domain that includes effect of the motion of the water in flooded tanks. A MATLAB code is developed to facilitate automated hydrodynamic simulation of many damage scenarios. Verification of seakeeping results is performed by comparing transfer functions with results of the previous study. Wave-induced vertical responses of damaged ship are then compared to those of intact ship using two spectral-based methods originating from uncertainty analysis of wave loads, which are convenient tools to assess consequences of damage on short-term ship responses. Generally, observed trend is that vertical wave-induced responses of damaged ship converge toward those of intact ship with increasing wave period. Fairly small differences between responses of asymmetrically damaged ship with respect to the symmetrical incoming wave directions are found. The results of the study are an efficient method for seakeeping assessment of damaged oil tankers and the framework for evaluating consequences of damage scenarios, heading angles, and sea conditions on seakeeping responses of damaged ships.The results can be used to decide if the intact ship model can be used instead of the damaged one for the emergency response procedure or for the risk assessment studies when modeling and computational time represent important limitations.     

减摇复合船型首部构型设计与水池模型试验研究

船舶在波浪中航行时的纵向运动性能是衡量船舶综合航行性能的重要指标.为了改善船舶在波浪中的纵向运动性能,本文基于首部减摇组合附体技术对某型船首部构型进行改造并通过水池模型试验对其静水阻力和耐波性进行了分析研究.在分析该船作业及航区特点的基础上,通过船首部线型改造及减纵摇组合附体构型优化,给出适用于该船的首部构型方案.应用CFD软件和修正切片法进行水动力性能分析,并对船首构型方案进行优选.将优选出的性能较优复合船型方案和原船型开展水池模型静水阻力与耐波性对比试验分析,验证减摇复合船型的静水阻力性能与耐波性能.试验结果表明,改造后的复合船型减纵摇效果明显,对应实船四级海况18节航速下纵摇与首部加速度有义值较原船型降低15%以上;复合船型静水阻力有所增加,实船18节航速下静水阻力增加13.5%.     

多液舱晃荡与船体运动耦合数值研究

针对多液舱养殖工船耐波性数值研究计算量过大的问题，建立了一套耦合数值求解系统。使用脉冲响应函数法求解船体运动方程，基于计算流体力学方法数值模拟液舱晃荡，在时域上离散求解两者的耦合方程。讨论了CFD软件FLUENT的用户自定义函数的编制，验证了横摇回转中心位于重心所在轴线的假设的合理性。为验证计算方法的有效性，在循环水槽中进行了不同载液率下的横摇自由衰减试验。对比数值模拟结果与试验结果，计算的横摇角时历与试验值吻合良好，验证了该方法的有效性，为高效数值研究养殖工船耐波性打下了基础。     

Validation of 6-DOF motion simulations for ship turning in regular waves

In this study, a six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) motion simulation method of a ship steering in regular waves is validated. The proposed simulation model is based on the two-time scale concept where the 6-DOF motions are expressed as the sum of the low-frequency maneuvering motions and high-frequency wave-induced motions. Turning simulations of a KCS container ship model with a rudder angle of \(\pm 35^\circ\) in calm water and regular waves are performed and the obtained results are compared with the results of a free-running model test. The model tests were conducted using a ship model of length 3.057 m in a square tank at the National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering, Japan. The wave conditions were as follows: the wave height was 3.6 m at full-scale, ratio of wavelength to ship length was 1.0, and the ship approached in the head wave direction before it was steered. The present method can simulate both the turning motion and wave-induced motions in regular waves with practical accuracy.

     

基于动态水域网格计算的船舶领域研究

为了满足现代船舶的发展需求,结合船舶自动识别系统(AIS)数据量巨大,包含了丰富的船舶信息等优点.本文利用SQL2012对AIS数据进行处理,建立包含船舶静态信息和动态信息的数据库;借助C#程序语言,构建以中心船舶为原点的网格坐标系,并以船舶间相对距离方位计算周围船舶在网格中的相对位置坐标;对同长度和类型的船舶进行网格叠加计算,并以船舶频数的方式进行统计,采用数据处理软件Matlab以最小二乘法的方式对统计结果进行处理;对研究水域的主要船型不同尺度的船舶领域进行对比和统计分析,并对不同船型船舶领域略作讨论,总结得出开阔水域船舶领域的特点.     

浅液深和挡板影响下遭受横摇激励的晃荡问题数值研究（英文）

Sloshing is relevant in several applications like ship tanks,space and automotive industry and seiching in harbours.Due to the relationship between ship and sloshing motions and possibility of structural damage,it is important to represent this phenomenon accurately.This paper investigates sloshing at shallow liquid depths in a rectangular container using experiments and RANS simulations.Free and forced sloshing,with and without baffles,are studied at frequencies chosen specifically in proximity to the first mode natural frequency.The numerically calculated free surface elevation is in close agreement with observations from experiments.The upper limit of the resonance zone,sloshing under different filling depths and roll amplitudes and sloshing with one,two and four baffles are also investigated.The results show that the extent of the resonance zone is reduced for higher filling depth and roll amplitude.It is also found that the inclusion of baffles moves the frequency at which the maximum free surface elevation occurs,away from the fundamental frequency.Finally,a submerged baffle is found to dissipate more energy compared to a surface piercing baffle and that the effect of several submerged baffles is similar to that of a single submerged baffle.     

江海直达船舶波浪载荷响应试验与数值计算研究（英文）

The ship motions and wave-induced loads of a new type of river-to-sea ship are investigated experimentally and numerically. A river-to-sea ship is an unconventional type of container ship characterized by high breadth to draft ratio and low length to breadth ratio, which makes it more prone to hydroelasticity than conventional ships of the same size. A segmented model was tested under two loading conditions, namely, ballast and loaded conditions, to determine the vertical motions and wave-induced loads under each condition. Results are compared with numerical simulations in the frequency domain. The wave-induced responses are calculated by a nonlinear time domain code at each time step. The response amplitude operators of vertical ship responses in regular waves are analyzed, and the wave-induced responses are consistent with the experimental results.     

结合功率管理推力分配策略研究

由于动力定位对船舶的推进能力要求比较高,所以采用动态性能更好的电力推进方式已经成为了动力定位船舶的优先选择。对于电力推进船舶来说,推进器是其最大的负载,以起重船为研究对象,除了推进器以外,船上还有起重机和绞锚车等大功率负载。当船上其他大功率负载突然启动或者工作在风浪较大的环境时,会造成整个船舶电网功率波动较大,影响整个船舶电网的稳定性。文章提出自适应组合推力偏置结合功率管理分配方法,当船舶电网功率波动较大时,释放偏置的推力,降低整个船舶电网的功率波动,有助于增强电网的稳定性。     

A numerical study of the effects of bottom and sidewall stiffeners on sloshing behavior considering roll resonant motion

In the present study, aiming to provide practical guidance for the structural design, the effects of the small bottom and sidewall stiffeners on sloshing loads in shallow and intermediate liquid conditions are investigated numerically. The interaction between the highly nonlinear free surface flow and a large number of small stiffeners is modeled based on the Moving Particle Semi-implicit method. 2D models of a rectangular clean tank and tanks with small sidewalls or bottom stiffeners are considered. For filling ratios ranging from 5% to 20%, harmonic angular motions with periods around the analytical sloshing resonant ones are applied. Simulation snapshots and computed pressure time series, pressure variation, wave run-up, maximum fluid velocity, and kinetic energy were provided to clarify the complex interaction between the small baffles and the shallow free surface flow. As a result, except for the tanks with bottom stiffeners in shallow liquid conditions, in which the response under actual resonant frequency should be considered, the response computed using the clean tank excited by its resonant period can be adopted as a conservative estimation for the sloshing loads of actual tanks with small stiffeners.     

液舱内流体晃荡特性数值研究

本文利用VOF法对矩形液舱内液体晃荡进行数值计算。首先对舱内无任何隔板时液体晃荡作了模拟,并与相关文献中的实验结果进行了比较;然后在舱底中间设置一道不同形式的防晃隔板,对液体晃荡进行了计算。从结算结果看,本文提出的方法可以用于分析液舱内液体的运动和载荷,为设计合理的液舱结构形式提供理论依据。     

VLCC液舱晃荡仿真及结构响应

当船体在波浪中运动的频率与液舱内液体振动的固有频率相近时,舱内液体将会发生剧烈的运动,即晃荡产生了.在船舶结构设计中,必须要考虑这种晃荡载荷及结构的响应.该文针对一超大型油轮(VLCC)液舱晃荡问题进行了三维仿真模拟.在DNV基于压力的晃荡评估方法的基础上,提出了应用有限元方法和任意拉格朗日-欧拉耦合技术进行该船全生命期内液舱晃荡仿真及强度评估的工程实用的步骤方法.     

数值波浪水池中船舶顶浪运动模拟研究

文献[1,2]进行了数值波浪水池波浪环境的模拟、规则波顶浪中船舶水动力的计算以及船舶辐射问题的模拟.文章在其基础上,基于N-S方程,对规则波中顶浪前进的Wigley船模运动进行了模拟.数值模拟的船模运动结果与DUT(Dem University of Technology)的试验数据进行了比较,分析,二者符合较好.文中与文献[1,2]的研究工作一起,初步构建了真正意义上的基于N-S方程的数值波浪水池.     

Effects of excitation angle and coupled heave–surge–sway motion on fluid sloshing in a three-dimensional tank

Sloshing waves in moving tanks is an important engineering problem, and most studies of this phenomenon have focused on tanks that are excited by forcing motion in a limited number of directions and with fixed excitation frequencies throughout the forcing. In practice, the excitation comprises multiple degree of freedom motion that potentially couples surge, sway, heave, pitch, roll, and yaw motions. In the present study, a time-independent finite difference method is used to simulate fluid sloshing in three-dimensional tanks filled to an arbitrary depth for various excitation frequencies and multiple degree of freedom motion. The numerical scheme developed here was verified by rigorous benchmark tests. The coupled motions of surge and sway are simulated for various excitation angles, frequencies and water depths. Five kinds of sloshing waves found under coupled surge–sway motions: diagonal, single-directional, square-like, swirling, and irregular waves. The effect of excitation angle on the frequency responses of different sloshing waves is analyzed and discussed in the present study. Further, the components of horizontal force of various sloshing waves are also presented. The coupled effect of surge, sway and heave motions is also discussed, and the results show that unstable sloshing occurs when the excitation frequency of the heave motion is twice the fundamental natural frequency. Moreover, the effects of heave motion on the different types of sloshing waves are explored. It is found that heave motion causes all of the sloshing waves to change type.     

考虑液舱内部水动力的FPSO波浪载荷研究

为研究液舱内液货自由面水动力效应对船体波浪载荷及船体运动的影响,基于一艘15万吨FPSO,选取液货舱原始布置形式下两种典型装载工况以及一组具有不同长度中部半载液舱的FPSO液舱分布模型,分别采用准静态方法和全动态方法对船体波浪载荷及运动进行计算。结果表明,使用准静态方法进行波浪载荷预报具有工程可靠性,中部半载液舱长度对船体波浪载荷及运动有一定影响。     

KCS迎浪中耐波性的CFD数值模拟

采用计算流体动力学(CFD)软件STAR-CCM,对国际集装箱标模KCS在迎浪规则波中的运动响应和波浪增阻等主要耐波性能进行数值计算。采用动态重叠网格处理船体运动,同时利用VOF方法模拟自由面波形演化情况。计算结果显示:动态重叠网格具有较强的适应性,能较好地处理船体的大幅运动,计算得到的船体运动幅值能与试验结果相一致,静水和波浪中的阻力计算结果与试验结果能较好地吻合;从自由面波形方面看,KCS船体兴波与来波存在较强的相互干扰,当波峰撞击船首时,波面起伏较大,数值计算能较好地模拟这些流动现象。     

基于全时域势流理论的船舶与液舱晃荡耦合运动的数值计算

基于三维线性有航速时域势流理论计算船体时域运动外域波浪力,同时采用三维全非线性时域势流理论来计算舱内液体的非线性晃荡所诱导力与力矩,进而建立了波浪中载液船舶耦合运动方程。该方法能够完整地考虑波浪、船体和液舱晃荡之间的实时耦合作用。研究结果表明:通过模型实验和数值模拟计算的对比,数值模拟计算能够清晰显现出液舱晃荡对船体全局运动影响,无航速船体运动RAO与模型实验结果吻合良好,有航速运动计算合乎预期。     

舰船波浪弯矩响应的频率特性

非直壁式舰船在高浪级和高航速下的弯矩响应中,除了含有低频遭遇频率成分外,还存在着一定数量的遭遇频率的倍频成分及船体各谐调的垂向总振动频率成份,它们都会对舰船波浪弯矩的非线性响应产生相应的影响。如果舰船的第一谐调垂向总振动频率正好是遭遇频率的整数倍,这时弯矩的非线性响应将达到极值。本文从模型试验及理论计算两方面分析了舰船波浪弯矩的频率特性,对船体载荷响应理论的发展及设计载荷的确定具有指导意义。     

对船舶抗碰撞性能分析中的两个因素的评述

从以往的对船舶的抗碰撞分析研究中,发现有两个因素在很多分析中被忽略,一个是船舶碰撞中最易破坏位置的选择,另一个是在某些船舶舷侧舱水存在时忽略了其对船舶抗碰撞性能的影响.通过对典型结构进行仿真分析,指出船舶最佳碰撞位置的选择并非一定位于通常所认为的强框架中心点处,而是取决于板与加强筋的相对刚度,以及撞击船撞头的形状,以及通过某FPSO双舷侧结构为例分析了在舷侧舱水存在的情况下,由于撞击的短时和水的惯性迟滞效应,使得提高了船舶的抗碰撞性能.对这两个因素的分析有助于今后更加完善的对船舶抗碰撞性能进行评估.     

3-D computational method of wave loads on turret moored FPSO tankers

A three-dimensional method of calculating wave loads of turret moored FPSO (Floating Production Storage and Offloading) tankers is presented. The linearized restoring forces acting on the ship hull by the mooring system are calculated according to the catenary theory, which are expressed as the function of linear stiffness coefficients and the displacements of the upper ends of mooring chains. The hydrodynamic coefficients of the ship are calculated by the three-dimensional potential flow theory of the linear hydrodynamic problem for ships with a low forward speed. The equations of ship motions are established with the effect of the restoring forces from the mooring system included as linear stiffness coefficients. The equations of motions are solved in frequency domain, and the responses of wave-induced motions and loads on the ship can be obtained. A computer program based on this method has been developed, and some calculation examples are illustrated. Analysis results show that the method can give satisfying prediction of wave loads.