邮轮典型开孔高腹板板架结构极限强度分析

[目的]开孔高腹板板架结构是在大型邮轮上层建筑中广泛使用的一类特殊结构,为建立此类结构的设计方法,需充分掌握大型邮轮上层建筑典型开孔高腹板板架结构的力学特性。[方法]综合运用经典加筋板理论与非线性有限元方法,分析甲板初始缺陷、纵桁规格、腹板开孔对板架纵向受压极限承载能力的影响规律。[结果]发现薄板板架对于初始缺陷更为敏感且不同于厚板板架的初始变形模式,纵桁对纵压极限能力贡献度较大,纵压极限承载能力对开孔比例、开孔形状敏感性较低,开孔位置决定崩溃破坏屈曲带的位置,进而揭示了开孔高腹板板架的破坏失效模式。[结论]所得甲板初始缺陷、纵桁几何尺寸、腹板开孔诸因素对开孔高腹板板架极限强度的影响规律,可为邮轮结构轻量化设计及安全性评估提供指导。     

大开口双层板架模型屈曲失效简化方法研究

本文开展了含大开口结构的双层板架模型轴向受压稳定性实验,采用非线性有限元软件ABAQUS,建立了甲板大开口双层板架模型,开展了该模型在轴向压缩载荷作用下的屈曲失效过程的数值计算分析,数值计算结果和试验吻合较好。在此基础上,根据甲板结构屈曲失效诱因,将双层板架模型简化为单层板架局部模型,并分析了简化模型在轴向载荷作用下的屈曲破坏路径与极限承载能力。结果表明,简化后的加筋板模型能有效模拟双层板架模型的失效模式,为大开口甲板板架稳定性分析提供了新思路。     

焊接变形和应力对甲板板架极限强度的影响

船舶建造过程中,焊接引起的结构变形和应力对船舶结构性能产生影响。以典型船舶甲板板架为例,研究焊接初始缺陷对甲板板架极限强度的影响。采用数值仿真方法模拟甲板板架的焊接过程,获得结构焊接变形和残余应力,对含初始缺陷的板架结构施加轴向压缩载荷,计算板架结构的极限强度,并与理想结构进行比较研究。结果表明,轴向压缩载荷下,甲板板变形过大是引起板架整体失稳的主要因素;焊接变形及残余应力显著地削弱甲板板架极限承载能力,焊接初始缺陷降低甲板板架整体刚度,影响结构失效模式。     

基于Kriging模型的船舶典型双层底板架强度和稳定性全局敏度分析

基于Kriging近似技术分别构造具有5根、7根龙骨的双层底板架结构强度和稳定性计算代理模型,利用Sobol＇进行双层底板架结构各设计参数对板架强度和稳定性响应指标的全局敏度分析.分析结果表明：对于强度响应,板架尺度及布置参数、构件尺寸参数均对其存在较大的影响;而对于稳定性响应,板架尺度及布置参数对其敏感程度较高,构件尺寸参数对其影响较为有限.     

多开口甲板板架结构极限承载力实验研究

[目的]为了研究多开口结构形式对甲板板架结构极限承载能力的影响,[方法]以2种不同开口形式的双层板架模型为研究对象,对其在轴向压缩载荷作用下的极限承载能力进行实验研究,对比分析双开口甲板结构和舷侧开口板架结构的失稳破坏模式及极限承载能力,得到多开口甲板板架结构在逐步崩溃过程中甲板各处应力的变化规律。[结果]实验结果表明:开口角隅处应力集中现象明显,随着轴向压缩载荷逐渐增大,开口中部甲板应力急剧上升,多开口结构最终均在最大开口的中部发生失稳破坏;甲板开口尺寸对结构初始轴向刚度的影响显著,舷侧开口结构则在弹塑性变形阶段对极限承载力的影响占主导地位。[结论]所提实验研究方法及结果可为此类甲板结构的设计提供参考。     

单轴压缩下多开口甲板板架稳定性试验及数值仿真

为了揭示多开口设置对结构轴向受压稳定性的影响规律,文章设计并制作了甲板与舷侧同时布置开口的双层板架结构模型,并开展轴向受压极限承载能力试验。借助非线性有限元软件Abaqus对该模型的失稳破坏过程进行数值仿真计算,通过对比分析试验数据和数值计算结果,确定导致整个板架结构屈曲失效的主要原因,为相同类型甲板结构的稳定性设计提供了一定参考。     

单轴压缩下多开口甲板板架稳定性试验及数值仿真

为了揭示多开口设置对结构轴向受压稳定性的影响规律,本文设计并制作了甲板和舷侧同时布置开口的双层板架结构模型,开展了其轴向受压极限承载能力试验。借助非线性有限元软件ABAQUS对该模型的失稳破坏过程进行了数值仿真计算,通过对比分析实验数据和数值计算结果,确定了导致整个板架结构屈曲失效的主要原因,为相同类型的甲板结构的稳定性设计工作提供了一定的参考依据。     

基于改进遗传算法的船体板架结构优化设计

为了有效降低船体板架振动幅度,针对当前船体板架结构,提出基于改进遗传算法的船舶板架结构优化方法。以遗传算法为核心,对当前船体板架结构优化设计变量求值,明确变量关系,划分当前板架结构元,根据船体板架不同部位的受力特征,将当前船体板架划分为梁元和壳元2个受力分区,通过弹性截面受力关系,确定其弹性系数,建立船体板架优化的目标函数,引入屈服强度和刚度2个参数,求取优化变量值,实现对当前船体板架结构的优化。实验数据表明,优化后的船体板架结构,横向振幅降低了23%,纵向振幅降低了29%,有效降低了船体板架振动幅度。     

船用铝合金板架结构典型节点的疲劳试验研究

本文针对船用铝合金板架结构典型节点的疲劳性能开展了试验研究。首先采用X射线对焊缝部位进行了拍照,获得了焊缝处的微观缺陷特征;然后进行板架的极限承载能力试验,得到板架的极限载荷水平;接着采用不同载荷水平进行反复载荷作用下的疲劳试验,获得了不同载荷水平下典型节点的疲劳寿命和破坏模式。试验结果表明:船用铝合金板架结构典型节点的疲劳寿命与测点应力呈双对数线性关系,即随着对数测点应力的增大,对数疲劳寿命呈线性下降趋势;而焊缝缺陷形式直接关系到节点的疲劳破坏模式与疲劳寿命。研究结果可为船用铝合金板架结构的承载能力评估与焊接工艺设计提供参考。     

圆筒形生活平台总体强度分析

参考挪威船级社海工规范要求,分析平台极限载荷状态下的总体结构强度.应用海工规范公式对主船体结构中的板和筋进行规范校核,对主船体双层壳内的环形梁进行屈服和局部屈曲的强度校核,对大的板架结构开展针对各种屈曲类型的校核,结果表明,该生活平台在目标海况下的结构承载能力满足船级社的规范要求.     

船体结构极限强度研究进展

综述了船体结构极限强度的研究现状,分析了加筋板、船体板架和船体梁极限强度的计算方法以及船体结构极限强度的试验研究。     

Research on the dynamic buckling of a typical deck grillage structure subjected to in-plane impact Load

The dynamic buckling of the main deck grillage would result in the total collapse of the ship hull subjected to a far-filed underwater explosion. This dynamic buckling is mainly due to the dynamic moment of the ship hull when the ship hull experiences a sudden movement under impact load from the explosion. In order to investigate the ultimate strength of a typical deck grillage under quasi-static and dynamic in-plane compressive load, a structure model, in which the real constrained condition of the deck grillage was taken into consideration, was designed and manufactured. The quasi-static ultimate strength and damage mode of the deck grillage under in-plane compressive load was experimentally investigated. The Finite Element Method (FEM) was employed to predict the ultimate strength of the deck grillage subjected to quasi-static in-plane compressive load, and was validated by comparing the results from experimental tests and numerical simulations. In addition, the numerical simulations of dynamic buckling of the same model under in-plane impact load was performed, in which the influences of the load amplitude and the frequency of dynamic impact load, as well as the initial stress and deflection induced by wave load on the ultimate strength and failure mode were investigated. The results show that the dynamic buckling mode is quite different from the failure mode of the structure subjected to quasi-static in-plane compressive load. The displacements of deck edge in the vertical direction and the axial displacements are getting larger with the decrease of impact frequency. Besides, it is found that the dynamic buckling strength roughly linearly decreased with the increase of initial proportion of the static ultimate strength P₀. The conclusions drawn from the researches of this paper would help better designing of the ship structure under impact loads.     

Ultimate strength assessment of stiffened panel under uni-axial compression with non-linear equivalent single layer approach

Steel stiffened panels are widely used in engineering design and construction. However, numerical modeling and analysis effort for a three-dimensional (3D) stiffened panel may be notable, especially for the ultimate limit state of ship structures. Therefore, a homogenization method is outlined that transforms 3D stiffened panel into an Equivalent Single Layer (ESL) concerning the same mechanical behavior. ESL stiffnesses are obtained with a unit cell analyses based on stiffened panel where periodicity is imposed with boundary conditions based on a first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). Stiffnesses were determined from the first derivative of a membrane force and bending moment obtained with numerical simulations. The effect of initial imperfection shape was included in the analysis to account for local and global buckling behavior. ESL with non-linear stiffness was implemented in Abaqus UGENS subroutine, allowing incremental evaluation of stiffness. Ultimate strength prediction of a steel grillage model with ESL finite element analysis was in excellent agreement with detailed 3D FEM analysis. The key in this analysis was consideration of non-linear ESL stiffness as linear analysis was unable to detect the point where ultimate strength capacity of the grillage was reached.     

Ultimate strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads,Part 2: An extension of Smith's method

This paper is the second of two companion papers concerning the ultimate hull girder strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads. The nonlinear finite element analysis in Part 1 has shown that local bending deformation of a double bottom due to bottom lateral loads significantly decreases the ultimate hogging strength of container ships. In this Part 2, extending Smith's method for pure bending collapse analysis of a ship's hull girder, a simplified method of progressive collapse analysis of ultimate hogging strength of container ships considering bottom local loads is developed. The double bottom is idealized as a plane grillage and the rest part of the cross section as a prismatic beam. An average stress-average strain relationship of plate/stiffened plate elements employed in Smith's method is transformed into an average stress-average plastic strain relationship, and implemented in the conventional beam finite element as a pseudo strain hardening/softening behaviors. The extended Smith's method is validated through a comparison with nonlinear finite element analysis.     

材料力学特性对球型耐压结构极限强度的影响

为了揭示材料主要力学性能对深海耐压结构极限承载能力的影响规律,本文以完整球壳为研究对象,采用非线性有限元方法,开展了材料力学特性变化对极限强度的影响研究。通过大量数值计算与归纳分析,得到了材料屈服强度和杨氏模量随厚径比变化对球壳极限强度的影响规律,研究发现随着厚径比的增加,材料刚度特性对结构极限强度的影响权重逐渐减少,屈服强度影响权重逐渐增加,在此研究基础上本文提出了一种考虑屈服强度变化的球壳极限强度计算新方法,为潜水器耐压结构选材与设计提供参考。     

横向不对称装载对集装箱船底部板架强度的影响分析

随着超大型集装箱船船宽的增大,其底部板架横向应力日趋受到关注。文章以集装箱船货舱区船底板架为研究对象,基于舱段数值仿真方法,考虑多种横向不对称装载型式、装载工况和动载荷工况,分析集装箱船底部板架的应力响应特点,讨论横向不对称装载型式对船底板架局部强度和应力分布的影响规律,并基于不同类型动载荷工况初步探讨其对横向不对称装载下的船底板架影响。研究结果表明,横向不对称装载下高应力点分布具有相似性,应力水平较原对称装载升高,校核集装箱船强度中建议考虑实际可能的横向不对称装载型式的影响。     

总纵强度耦合作用的船体板架强度计算方法

船体板架局部强度计算时，由于受到总纵弯曲的影响，实际上极架都是处在复杂弯曲状态，以往板架局部强度校核时未考虑这种影响。本文采用有限元方法原理，考虑总纵强度对局部强度的耦合影响，推导和发展了板架局部强度校核方法。对比计算表明，本方法可用于实用计算。     

复合材料船体纵向极限强度可靠性分析

把船体甲板或船底板结构视为是一系列加筋板单元的组合，然后利用复合材料梁柱理论计算船体加筋板单元构件的极限承载能力，最后用Smith法计算复合材料船体的极限承载能力。由于复合材料船体纵向极限强度的极限状态方程不能简单地用船体各参数显式表达，故将近年发展起来的响应面法与JC法相结合，对复合材料船体纵向极限强度进行了可靠性分析。并讨论了影响船体纵向极限强度可靠性各变量的敏感性。     

复杂应力状态下无筋板格极限强度研究

无筋板格是波浪中航行船舶的基本结构单元,精确评估无筋板格极限强度对保证船舶结构安全性具有重要意义.本文基于弹性大挠度理论分析和刚塑性分析,给出了复杂应力状态下无筋板格极限强度计算方法;定性的研究了各参数对无筋板格极限强度的影响;比较了剪应力与其它应力作用的合成分析方法和分离分析方法,验证了分离分析方法的可行性和高效性;开展了本文方法与经验公式及ABS规范公式的比较研究.