单轴压缩下多开口甲板板架稳定性试验及数值仿真

为了揭示多开口设置对结构轴向受压稳定性的影响规律,文章设计并制作了甲板与舷侧同时布置开口的双层板架结构模型,并开展轴向受压极限承载能力试验。借助非线性有限元软件Abaqus对该模型的失稳破坏过程进行数值仿真计算,通过对比分析试验数据和数值计算结果,确定导致整个板架结构屈曲失效的主要原因,为相同类型甲板结构的稳定性设计提供了一定参考。     

船舶甲板结构稳定性实验与数值仿真研究

为了研究具有大开口甲板板架结构的稳定性问题,本文设计了含大开口的甲板板架模型,开展了其轴向受压稳定性实验,并采用非线性有限元软件ABAQUS对该模型的屈曲破坏过程进行了数值仿真计算,试验结果与数值仿真结果吻合较好.在此基础上,分析了导致结构屈曲失效的主要因素,为船舶甲板结构稳定性设计提供了参考依据.     

船舶甲板结构稳定性试验及改进设计

为研究具有大开口甲板板架结构的稳定性问题,本文设计了含大开口结构的甲板板架模型,开展了其轴向受压稳定性实验,并采用非线性有限元软件Abaqus对该模型的屈曲破坏过程进行数值仿真计算,试验结果与数值仿真结果吻合较好。在此基础上,根据甲板结构屈曲失效的诱因,设计5种改进设计方案,并使用经试验验证的有限元仿真计算方法对各种改进方案进行分析,选出最佳方案。本文工作为船舶甲板结构稳定性设计提供了一定的参考依据。     

大开口双层板架模型屈曲失效简化方法研究

本文开展了含大开口结构的双层板架模型轴向受压稳定性实验,采用非线性有限元软件ABAQUS,建立了甲板大开口双层板架模型,开展了该模型在轴向压缩载荷作用下的屈曲失效过程的数值计算分析,数值计算结果和试验吻合较好。在此基础上,根据甲板结构屈曲失效诱因,将双层板架模型简化为单层板架局部模型,并分析了简化模型在轴向载荷作用下的屈曲破坏路径与极限承载能力。结果表明,简化后的加筋板模型能有效模拟双层板架模型的失效模式,为大开口甲板板架稳定性分析提供了新思路。     

焊接变形和应力对甲板板架极限强度的影响

船舶建造过程中,焊接引起的结构变形和应力对船舶结构性能产生影响。以典型船舶甲板板架为例,研究焊接初始缺陷对甲板板架极限强度的影响。采用数值仿真方法模拟甲板板架的焊接过程,获得结构焊接变形和残余应力,对含初始缺陷的板架结构施加轴向压缩载荷,计算板架结构的极限强度,并与理想结构进行比较研究。结果表明,轴向压缩载荷下,甲板板变形过大是引起板架整体失稳的主要因素;焊接变形及残余应力显著地削弱甲板板架极限承载能力,焊接初始缺陷降低甲板板架整体刚度,影响结构失效模式。     

用ANSYS进行甲板板架稳定性计算

研究了用ANSYS软件进行线弹性甲板板架稳定性计算的实用方法。介绍了采用ANSYS进行结构稳定性计算的理论及结构失稳计算的一般步骤，用支柱稳定性计算和板稳定性算例验证了ANSYS线弹性结构失稳计算的正确性，以此为基础研究了用ANSYS对甲板板架失稳的计算方法。通过对未简化和简化的两种甲板板架有限元模型的计算，表明采用简化的板架有限元模型可方便获得甲板板架结构的整体欧拉应力值。     

多开口甲板板架结构极限承载力实验研究

[目的]为了研究多开口结构形式对甲板板架结构极限承载能力的影响,[方法]以2种不同开口形式的双层板架模型为研究对象,对其在轴向压缩载荷作用下的极限承载能力进行实验研究,对比分析双开口甲板结构和舷侧开口板架结构的失稳破坏模式及极限承载能力,得到多开口甲板板架结构在逐步崩溃过程中甲板各处应力的变化规律。[结果]实验结果表明:开口角隅处应力集中现象明显,随着轴向压缩载荷逐渐增大,开口中部甲板应力急剧上升,多开口结构最终均在最大开口的中部发生失稳破坏;甲板开口尺寸对结构初始轴向刚度的影响显著,舷侧开口结构则在弹塑性变形阶段对极限承载力的影响占主导地位。[结论]所提实验研究方法及结果可为此类甲板结构的设计提供参考。     

海洋平台结构振动超标分析方法研究

针对某海洋平台甲板结构振动超标的问题,依次选取甲板板格、加筋板单元以及甲板板架为分析对象,研究了求解平台甲板板格、加筋板单元振动固有频率的解析方法以及板架结构振动固有频率的数值预报方法,对振动超标区的甲板结构振动固有频率进行了计算研究,并与试验结果对比。研究结果表明,平台甲板结构出现振动超标的主要原因是板架结构中加筋板单元的振动固有频率与激励频率重合引起的结构局部共振。所得计算方法和流程可应用于类似工程结构的振动预报和设计,具有一定的工程意义和研究价值。     

基于舱段模型的大开口甲板结构稳定性分析与设计

针对某大开口舱段结构,采用有限元方法（FEM）对比分析3种计算模型位移载荷作用下第1层甲板纵骨轴向应力的分布.计算结果表明,该应力分布存在较大程度的不均匀性,采用双层板架模型或立体舱段模型能获得较准确的纵骨轴向应力分布.同时,分析2种基于稳定性要求的大开口甲板纵骨设计理念的优劣.为合理利用结构材料,均衡各区域纵骨的稳定性储备,建议在设计甲板纵骨时要考虑大开口甲板纵骨轴向应力分布的不均匀性.     

具有初始挠度的板架结构承载特性分析

为探讨具有初始挠度的板架结构轴向受压时的承载特性,本文采用MSC.Nastran建立了具有初始挠度的板架结构模型,分析了初始挠度及其大小对结构的影响,根据应力等效原理拟合了挠曲板架结构轴向受压时的相当面积公式。结果表明,随着初始挠度的增加,板架主要变形方式逐渐由压缩转换为弯曲,其承载能力大幅下降;初始挠度越大,板架承载能力越弱;相当面积折减系数随着初始挠度的增加呈现先缓慢减小随后迅速降低最终平减小的变化趋势,结构中横向(垂直于轴向)应力随着初始挠度的增加不断增大。     

Research on the dynamic buckling of a typical deck grillage structure subjected to in-plane impact Load

The dynamic buckling of the main deck grillage would result in the total collapse of the ship hull subjected to a far-filed underwater explosion. This dynamic buckling is mainly due to the dynamic moment of the ship hull when the ship hull experiences a sudden movement under impact load from the explosion. In order to investigate the ultimate strength of a typical deck grillage under quasi-static and dynamic in-plane compressive load, a structure model, in which the real constrained condition of the deck grillage was taken into consideration, was designed and manufactured. The quasi-static ultimate strength and damage mode of the deck grillage under in-plane compressive load was experimentally investigated. The Finite Element Method (FEM) was employed to predict the ultimate strength of the deck grillage subjected to quasi-static in-plane compressive load, and was validated by comparing the results from experimental tests and numerical simulations. In addition, the numerical simulations of dynamic buckling of the same model under in-plane impact load was performed, in which the influences of the load amplitude and the frequency of dynamic impact load, as well as the initial stress and deflection induced by wave load on the ultimate strength and failure mode were investigated. The results show that the dynamic buckling mode is quite different from the failure mode of the structure subjected to quasi-static in-plane compressive load. The displacements of deck edge in the vertical direction and the axial displacements are getting larger with the decrease of impact frequency. Besides, it is found that the dynamic buckling strength roughly linearly decreased with the increase of initial proportion of the static ultimate strength P₀. The conclusions drawn from the researches of this paper would help better designing of the ship structure under impact loads.     

Experimental and numerical investigations of the ultimate torsional strength of an ultra large container ship

Structures of ultra large container ships (ULCS) are characterized by large deck openings and low torsional rigidity. It is essential to comprehensively figure out their collapse behaviors under pure torsion with both model experiments and numerical simulations, making an evaluation of their ultimate torsional strength. In this paper, a similar scale model of a 10,000TEU container ship has been designed and manufactured first, in which both geometric similarity and strength similarity are taken into account. Next the collapse behaviors of the test model are detailedly illustrated with both experimentally and numerically obtained results. Then discussions on warping or shear buckling deformations involved in the collapse process of the structure are conducted with extended numerical simulations. Finally, the ultimate torsional strength of the true ship is evaluated according to the similarity theory. Results show that it is the yielding and shear buckling of the side shells that causes the failure of the hull girder under pure torsion. Further nonlinear finite element analysis demonstrates that it may either have warping or shear buckling deformations in the torsional collapse process of the hull girder with a large deck opening, depending on the local rigidity distribution of side shells, which has a significant effect on the ultimate torsional strength of the hull girder.     

12 500 t重型起重机敞口多用途船设计

基于敞口多用途规范，研究总体布置、敞口状态的稳性和强度、破损稳性、敞口耐波性模型试验、舱底水系统和节能环保措施等方面问题，设计12 500 t重型起重机敞口多用途船，符合规范和环保要求。该型船设置重型起重机，具有长货舱、大甲板面积、两层二甲板等特点，适合长大件及超高件等货物运输，并可运输常规货物。该型船对大开口、设置重型起重机和敞口航行的多用途船开发具有借鉴意义。     

关于CCS规范中支柱载荷规定的探讨

本文针对CCS《钢质海船入级规范》(2015)第二分册(以下简称CCS规范)中关于支柱载荷的规定进行探讨。文章通过查询两个船级社(BV和DNV)关于支柱载荷的规定和CCS规范进行对比,并截取一个实际项目中支柱的结构设计,采用船级社规定的方法进行计算并对比计算结果。结果表明,CCS规范中关于支柱载荷的规定不适用于深舱甲板的情况,工程师在支柱设计时应予以注意。     

舰船甲板变形的理论研究

为了研究舰船甲板的变形,对其结构进行了简化,建立了舰船甲板受力的数学模型。分别在横向载荷、总纵弯矩及二者共同作用等3种情形下,对舰船甲板的变形特性进行了计算。计算结果表明,舰船甲板受力变形为mm级;在横向载荷作用下,舰首甲板变形最大;在总纵弯矩作用下,甲板的0.6~0.75间部位变形最大。     

接触爆炸下舰船强力甲板塑性动态响应特性研究

基于舰船强力甲板结构和接触爆炸工况设计,采用非线性有限元计算方法对在不同炸药量下、不同尺寸的纵桁和强横梁的强力甲板进行接触爆炸数值模拟。分析球形炸药接触爆炸下空气冲击波的压力分布以及对甲板的冲击过程,结果显示强力甲板结构在接触爆炸下呈现出3种破坏模式,并通过定义构件相对强度因子,提出了破坏模式的判别条件,初步揭示舰船强力甲板在接触爆炸下的塑性动态响应特性。     

全舰（船）统一姿态基准系统中甲板变形分析

为了研究舰船甲板的变形,此文对甲板结构进行了简化,建立了甲板受力的数学模型。分别在舰船处于中垂和中拱两种状态下,对舰船甲板受横向载荷、总纵弯矩及两者共同作用下的变形进行了计算。     

全船有限元简化方法在总纵强度计算中的应用

采用全船有限元总强度计算的简化方法,阐述了具有长上层建筑、大开口、全通甲板的船舶在垂向弯矩作用下的总强度应力分布情况,提出了非常规结构船舶总强度计算方法,分析了上层建筑参与总强度的有效度。对有效避免波浪载荷及平衡力计算带来的总强度计算误差和庞大的计算工作量,缩短计算周期以及优化结构等提供指导。     

A finite element model for flexible pipe armor wire instability

The constructive disposition of metallic and plastic layers confers flexible pipes with high and low axial stiffness respectively when tensile and compressive loads are applied. Under certain conditions typically found during deepwater installation or operation, flexible pipes may be subjected to high axial compression, sometimes accompanied by bending. If not properly designed, the structure may not be able to withstand this loading and fails. From practical experience observed offshore and in laboratory tests two principal mechanisms, which will be discussed in this paper, have been identified regarding the configuration of the armor wires. When the pipe fails by compression the armor wires may exhibit localized lateral or radial deflections, consequently permanent damage is observed in the armor wires with a sudden reduction of the structure’s axial stiffness. The pressure armor may also unlock, thus causing potential fluid leakage.In this work a finite element model is developed to estimate the critical instability load and failure modes. An axi-symmetric model is constructed employing a complex combination of beam and spring elements. For each armor layer only one wire needs to be modeled, hence the computational cost is minimized without compromising the phenomenon characterization. A parametric case study is performed for a typical flexible pipe structure, where the friction coefficient between the wire armors and the external pressure are varied, and the critical instability loads and failure modes are obtained and results are discussed.