混凝土联锁块护岸软体排设计方案优化

针对引江济淮工程J002-1标段护岸软体排出现的预制块挤压破损、施工效率低下等问题，对原设计方案护岸软体排结构以及施工方法进行优化。通过参考工程实例以及方案比选，采用C25混凝土预制块联锁片软体排结构和铺排船施工的方法。结果表明，优化施工方案技术上可行，预制块破损少、施工效率高，达到预期效果。软体排结构优化和铺排船施工工法在引江济淮工程的成功应用，为类似工程提供良好示范，具有较好的推广应用价值。     

长江航道混凝土联锁块软体排施工中撕排解决策略

针对长江航道治理过程中,护滩带工程施工期间出现的联锁块软体排施工中撕排问题进行全面分析,结合撕排过程及现象,对排体纵向抗拉强度进行核算,明确施工中发生撕排的主要因素,并提出了相应的解决对策,以期为长江航道施工提供参考。     

浅议新型D型联锁块软体排施工工艺

本文在对比分析、实践研究的基础上,通过改进D型系结块软体排及混凝土联锁块软体排施工结构形式,创新设计出了新型D型联锁块软体排结构,并配套形成了一整套完整的施工工法。该工法较传统软体排结构形式在施工质量、进度、安全、成本等各方面均有了有效改进,具有显著的经济社会效益。     

深水无掩护海区联锁块软体排结构优化分析

深水无掩护海区铺设30 cm厚混凝土联锁块软体排在我国尚属首次。通过对软体排在水流作用下的受力进行分析,对加筋带结构进行了优化,提出了采用水流力验算加筋带受力时,安全系数取值不宜小于2倍;并提出了在不利工况及地质条件下铺排船组的配置要求;总结分析了铺排船的应用情况及翻板长度对软体排受力的显著影响;通过分析和施工要点控制,有效提高了深水无掩护海区软体排铺设质量和成功率。     

深水联锁块软体排铺设施工技术

对深水联锁块软体排铺设施工艺进行阐述,总结深水软体铺设施工方法,涉及铺排船定位、软体排展排与卷排、混凝土联锁块吊安、余排下水及砂肋充灌等内容,最后对其使用保证措施进行概述,旨在为该类工程提供相应的技术支持。     

混凝土联锁块护底软体排抗掀稳定分析

针对规范中软体排抗掀稳定计算公式未考虑水深影响的问题,对水流作用下混凝土联锁块软体排受力进行研究。采用理论推导方法,得出了新的混凝土联锁块软体排抗掀稳定计算公式,结合数模分析确定新公式的相关参数取值。新公式中考虑了水深的影响,采用临界断面平均流速替代规范公式的软体排边缘临界流速,较规范公式更为准确。分别采用新公式和规范公式对黑沙洲水道航道整治二期工程护底软体排抗掀稳定进行计算。分析结果表明:新公式较规范公式更能反映软体排实际受力情况。工程实践证明新公式具有较好的可靠性,可供类似工程参考和借鉴。     

D型软体排沉排施工中缩撕断排机理

以长江中游周天河段天星洲高滩守护工程为例,描述在复杂水流条件下D型软体排沉排施工中的缩撕断排现象,综合分析缩撕断排现象的不确定因素,并从受力角度深入探讨缩撕断排的机理,为复杂水流条件下软体排的设计和沉排施工提供指导。     

混凝土联锁块软体排压载块抗水流掀动稳定性研究

本文就混凝土联锁块软体排结构稳定性问题展开分析,通过对压载稳定性物理试验模块的开展进行波流、水流等外部环境影响下的失稳模式的深入探讨,得出相关的临界失稳限制条件。下文通过对混凝土联锁块软体排工程的理论研究及结构分析,进行软体排压载失稳性质、失稳原因等的深入探讨,并通过对力学平衡规律的分析,进行了压载稳定性公式的推导,完成对公式、参数物模、数模等的验证,得出对压载失稳性质、失稳原因分析的结论。     

长江宜昌航道工程局首次进行砼联锁块软体排施工

正近期,在长江下游安庆河段航道整治二期工程Ⅱ标段,伴随"长雁8"沉排船上的砼联锁块软体排缓缓入水,该标段护底施工正式拉开序幕,也是该局首次进行砼联锁块软体排施工。该工程主要有铺设砼联锁块软体排、水上抛石、抛投扭双工字型透水框架三种工艺,其中沉砼联锁块软体排施工工艺为该局首次使用,有效     

海上联锁片软体排铺设施工工艺探讨

通过对盐城港滨海港区1~#、2~#物流园基础设施工程联锁片软体排施工中加筋带及绑扎环缝制方案比选,以及联锁片软体排铺设施工、施工效果分析等方面进行了介绍,为以后类似工程施工提供参考借鉴。     

复杂土层HZM/AZ型组合钢板桩施工技术

新加坡某码头工程地基中含有深厚的极密实回填砂层及极硬粉砂土层,其大型HZM/AZ型组合钢板桩打设是施工的难点。对组合钢板桩施工特性进行研究,认为降低锁口阻力是AZ辅桩打设的关键。制定HZM主桩施工精度控制标准,以及先主桩后辅桩的打桩顺序和对辅桩中间锁口位置松土等施工技术措施,大型HZM桩沉桩采用先振动锤振沉再锤击送桩的工艺,并对导向架进行优化设计。结果表明,所有桩顶偏位及高程均满足设计要求,未发现锁口撕裂或脱开情况。     

An upper-bound solution to the problem of plate tearing

An upper-bound solution is derived for the problem of the tearing of a metal plate by a rigid wedge. These newly proposed formulas, with no fracture parameters being used, provide an explanation to the problem of plate tearing, which is a phenomenon that occurs in the process of ship grounding. This paper starts with the proposition of a new kinematic model. Based on the fact that in many experiments there is no evidence of cracks extending ahead of the wedge tip, this new kinematic model assumes no separation between the wedge tip and the crack tip in the plate. Another characteristic of this model is that out-of-plane deformation is assumed for the region around the tip, which correlates well with the experimental observations. Rupture of the metal plate is assumed to occur ahead of the wedge tip due to ductile failure. In the case of longitudinally stiffened panels, an equivalent plate thickness is employed to take the effect of stiffeners into consideration. From comparisons of calculations with existing experimental results, it is clear that the present upper-bound solution is effective in predicting resistance force and energy absorption in the process of plate tearing, and that it can provide predictions that are close to those obtained from empirical formulas and from the theoretical formulas of Wierzbicki and Thomas, who assume that cracks run ahead of the wedge tip.     

A ductile tearing assessment diagram for cracked circular-hollow-section joints under reversed loadings

This paper proposes a ductile tearing assessment diagram (TAD) to predict the load resistance to the crack extension relationship during the stable tearing process of the circular-hollow-section (CHS) joints under the reversed in-plane bending actions. The tearing assessment diagram utilizes the envelope of the load-deformation curve from the fracture test under reversed loadings to build the connection among the fracture resistance, load resistance and crack extension. To verify the proposed approach, this study performs fracture experiments, imposing the reversed in-plane bending on the CHS X-joints, made of Q345 steel, with a surface crack near the weld toe. The experimental investigation reveals the effect of the reversed loading on the fracture resistance and validates the TAD-based assessment for tubular joints. Meanwhile, this study performs the cyclic fracture test on the single-edge-notched-tension [SE(T)] specimen made of Q345 steel and derives the TAD from the experimental record of the SE(T) specimen. The specimen-based assessment successfully predicts the load versus crack extension relation for the reported joints under reversed loadings. The study provides a basic framework to predict the joint response under reversed loadings by integrating the material fracture characteristics.     

The weldability of steels used in jack-up drilling platforms

Weldability problems in jack-up rigs arise principally in leg construction where particularly high-strength steels (690 N mm⁻² yield) are used for chords and racks. Attainment of mechanical properties is not usually difficult, although procedural trials are advisable.

Of potential fabrication problems, hydrogen cracking (heat-affected zones or weld metal) is of greatest concern, and consideration of solidification cracking is advisable. Lamellar tearing is not generally a problem with modern steels, and the risk of stress-relief cracking will be confined to the limited number of joints which can be heat-treated.

Fatigue cracking is probably the major cause of service failure of jack-up rigs, and the use of high-strength steels, which permits higher static stress limits, can exacerbate this problem. Hydrogen-induced stress corrosion can also occur, either due to cathodic polarisation or corrosion, particularly in the presence of H₂S in foul sea-water. For this reason weld hardness limits need to be maintained.     

船艏横向加强框架对船艏耐撞性能的影响

在撞击过程中船艏结构的典型损伤是外壳板和内加筋的褶皱，撕裂和弯曲。在以前的船舶结构的碰撞分析的简化方法或数值模拟中往往略去横向肋骨框架对船艏碰撞性能的影响。本文利用有限元数值仿真方法研究了横向肋骨框架在碰撞损坏过程中的作用，发现其对船艏结构的损伤形态、碰撞力及能量耗散有重要影响。因而是碰撞计算中不可忽略的因素。     

由于货物导致的船损事故分析

由于货物导致的船损事故主要有火灾、船体破损、船舶倾覆、船体腐蚀等，这类事故的共同特点是起因的隐蔽性、损坏的永久性、事故的可预防性等。之所以会产生由于货物导致的船损事故，主要是由于货物的积载、管理不当，以及外界环境，船舶条件的影响和限制，但人的因素为主要原因。     

战斗部舱内爆炸对舱室结构毁伤的实验研究

为探讨舰船抗爆抗穿甲防护结构设计,利用导弹模拟战斗部进行了舱室内部爆炸模型试验,研究内爆条件下高速破片和爆炸冲击波对舱室结构的联合毁伤效应,分析舱内爆炸环境下舱室板架结构的典型破坏模式.结果表明:模拟战斗部内爆载荷作用下舱室结构的整体变形以冲击波破坏为主;战斗部破片对舱壁板架产生侵彻穿孔破坏,并在近爆区板架上形成了破口密集区域;单个破口对舱室整体结构破坏影响不大,而密集破口区在后续冲击波作用下会发生撕裂,形成大破口,影响舱室整体结构性能.该研究结果,可用于指导舰船防护结构的设计.     

Collapase analysis of ship hulls

This paper presents an efficient finite element procedure for the collapse analysis of ship hulls under complicated loads. A set of finite elements, such as beam-column elements, stiffened plate elements, and shear panel elements are developed, directly accounting for the geometrical and material non-linearities and initial imperfections.

Elastic-plastic stiffness matrices for elements have been derived by combining elastic large displacement analysis theories with a plastic hinge model. The buckling and post-buckling behaviour of plates is included using an effective width concept. The procedure is effective, since few mode-points are necessary and numerical integration for evaluating stiffness matrices is avoided. Fracture mechanics criteria are introduced in order to account for tension tearing rupture and brittle failure of the material.

Practical applications to ultimate longitudinal strength analysis of ship hulls and tanker collision analysis are presented. The procedure can also be used for collapse analysis of offshore and onshore structures.     

钛合金载人舱模型球的外压压溃分析

在深海载人舱设计前,一般会通过缩比模型球的压力试验来考核材料和结构的性能,以便进一步优化结构的设计.本文结合Ti-6Al-4V ELI材料的模型球压溃后的断口分析和有限元仿真分析,对球壳的失效状态进行了说明.分析结果显示,局部屈服首先发生在球壳孔座附近,然后沿着焊缝的径向发生塌陷、撕裂,直至整个北半球发生破坏.仿真分析结果可以为载人舱球壳进一步的动态分析和冲击分析提供参考.