含凹陷损伤FPSB典型加筋板剩余极限强度研究

本文选取一型FPSB典型加筋板结构,在考虑初始缺陷的情况下采用非线性元法,通过对比研究,选定了(1/2 1 1/2)的加筋板模型以及合适的边界条件、网格尺寸。分别研究了三种不同凹陷形状对加筋板极限强度的影响,选定了以弧形凹坑为主要研究对象的凹陷形式。分别研究了凹陷损伤加筋板随凹痕深度、凹痕长度、凹痕宽度、凹痕位置变化时结构在单轴受压情况下的极限强度变化情况。本文的计算结果可对此型FPSB加筋板结构在凹陷损伤后的极限强度评估提供一定的参考。     

Progressive collapse analysis of ship hull girders subjected to extreme cyclic bending

This paper introduces a novel analytical method to predict the buckling collapse behaviour of a ship hull girder subjected to several cycles of extreme load. This follows the general principles of the established simplified progressive collapse method with an extended capability to re-formulate the load-shortening curve of structural components to account for cyclic degradation. The method provides a framework for assessing residual hull girder strength following a complex series of unusually extreme load events where the wave induced bending moment rises close to, or even surpasses, the monotonic ultimate strength. These load events may be sequential, such as might be caused by a series of storm waves, or they may occur as a collection of discrete events occurring over a longer period. The extreme cyclic bending amplifies the distortion and residual stress initially induced by fabrication in the flanges of the girder, which results in a deterioration of the residual ultimate strength. Validation is firstly completed through a comparison with previously published experimental work and secondly via comparison with numerical simulation on four ship-type box girders using the nonlinear finite element method.     

循环荷载作用下加筋板格单元的损伤累积及力学模型研究

为了计算加筋板和船体梁在循环荷载作用下的极限强度,将一种能够考虑损伤累积和构件局部屈曲的一维钢材等效本构模型引入到加筋板格单元中,提出加筋板格单元在轴向循环荷载作用下的损伤累积力学模型,采用Visual Basic程序编制了计算程序,对若干加筋板格单元在双向轴向循环荷载作用下的承载性能进行计算研究,并使用非线性有限元软件Abaqus进行对比验证,结果表明所提理论方法具有较好的精度。     

船体结构极限强度研究进展

综述了船体结构极限强度的研究现状,分析了加筋板、船体板架和船体梁极限强度的计算方法以及船体结构极限强度的试验研究。     

Assessment of IACS-CSR implicit safety levels for buckling strength of stiffened panels for double hull tankers

The present study aims at applying structural reliability methods to assess the implicit safety levels of the buckling strength requirements for longitudinal stiffened panels implemented in the IACS Common Structural Rules (CSR) for double hull oil tankers. The buckling strength requirements considered are used in the initial stage of the hull girder scantlings’ design to control the buckling capacity of longitudinal stiffened panels subjected to the compressive loads induced by the hull girder vertical bending. The following buckling collapse failure modes are explicitly considered in the design formulation: uniaxial buckling of the plating between stiffeners, column buckling of stiffeners with attached plating and lateral-torsional buckling or tripping of stiffeners.The paper presents the procedure used to assess the implicit safety levels of the strength requirements for the three buckling collapse failure modes above mentioned, which includes the optimization of the scantlings of the plate panels and longitudinal stiffeners in order to reflect the minimum strength required by the formulation. A first order reliability formulation is adopted, and stochastic models proposed in the literature are used to quantify the uncertainty in the relevant design variables. A sample of five oil tankers representative of the range of application of the IACS-CSR design rules is considered. The effect of corrosion in the implicit safety levels is quantified based on the three corrosion levels of the Net Thickness Approach (NTA) adopted in the design rules. Sensitivity analyses are also performed to quantify the relative contribution or importance of each design random variable to the implicit safety levels.     

复合材料船体纵向极限强度可靠性分析

把船体甲板或船底板结构视为是一系列加筋板单元的组合，然后利用复合材料梁柱理论计算船体加筋板单元构件的极限承载能力，最后用Smith法计算复合材料船体的极限承载能力。由于复合材料船体纵向极限强度的极限状态方程不能简单地用船体各参数显式表达，故将近年发展起来的响应面法与JC法相结合，对复合材料船体纵向极限强度进行了可靠性分析。并讨论了影响船体纵向极限强度可靠性各变量的敏感性。     

加筋板屈曲和极限强度有限元计算方法研究

针对国际船级社协会双壳油船共同结构规范中加筋板屈吐和极限强度的计算要求,介绍了其技术背景和国内外相关研究现状,并通过分析各种因素对加筋板屈曲和极限强度的影响,研究国外相关技术文献,提出了一套完整的加强筋屈曲和极限强度有限元计算方法。与共同结构规范中要求的对标数据进行对比,验证了该方法的正确性。     

Ultimate strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads part 1: Nonlinear finite element analysis

This paper is the first of two companion papers concerning the ultimate hull girder strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads. In the midship part of container ships, upward bottom local loads are usually larger than the downward ones. This leads to the increase of biaxial compression in the outer bottom plating and the reduction of the ultimate hull girder strength in the hogging condition. In this Part 1, the collapse behavior and ultimate strength of container ships under combined hogging moment and bottom local loads are analyzed using nonlinear finite element method. Buckling collapse behavior of bottom stiffened panels during the progressive collapse of a hull girder is closely investigated. It has been found that major factors of the reduction of ultimate hogging strength due to bottom local loads are (1) the increase of the longitudinal compression in the outer bottom and (2) the reduction of the effectiveness of the inner bottom, which is on the tension side of local bending of the double bottom. The obtained results will be utilized in the Part 2 paper to develop a simplified method of progressive collapse analysis of container ships under combined hogging moment and bottom local loads.     

Numerical investigation on the ultimate strength behaviour and assessment of continuous hull plate under combined biaxial cyclic loads and lateral pressure

The ultimate strength of continuous hull plate under combined biaxial cyclic loads and lateral pressure is investigated in the present paper by using nonlinear finite element method. Geometric nonlinearity due to large deflection and material nonlinearity induced by kinematic hardening and isotropic hardening are both accounted for. A parametric study is designed and completed to examine the longitudinal ultimate compressive strength behaviours in the cycles on the basis of a large number of load-shortening curves. Effects of series of parameters especially the plate slenderness ratio, transverse cyclic compression, lateral pressure and cycle number are analyzed with details. It is found that the strength characteristic and collapse mode are highly affected by the coupling influence of the mentioned factors as well material behaviours. A dimensionless unified formulation as a function of the decisive factors is empirically proposed to accurately assess the ultimate strength of continuous hull plate in various cycles.     

Ultimate strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads,Part 2: An extension of Smith's method

This paper is the second of two companion papers concerning the ultimate hull girder strength of container ships subjected to combined hogging moment and bottom local loads. The nonlinear finite element analysis in Part 1 has shown that local bending deformation of a double bottom due to bottom lateral loads significantly decreases the ultimate hogging strength of container ships. In this Part 2, extending Smith's method for pure bending collapse analysis of a ship's hull girder, a simplified method of progressive collapse analysis of ultimate hogging strength of container ships considering bottom local loads is developed. The double bottom is idealized as a plane grillage and the rest part of the cross section as a prismatic beam. An average stress-average strain relationship of plate/stiffened plate elements employed in Smith's method is transformed into an average stress-average plastic strain relationship, and implemented in the conventional beam finite element as a pseudo strain hardening/softening behaviors. The extended Smith's method is validated through a comparison with nonlinear finite element analysis.     

CFRP修复的FPSO点蚀船体梁极限强度分析

采用非线性有限元法对中拱和中垂工况条件下碳纤维增强聚合物(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer, CFRP)修复的浮式生产储卸油装置(Floating Production Storage and Offloading, FPSO)点蚀船体梁极限强度进行仿真分析。对比FPSO的完整船体梁、点蚀船体梁和CFRP修复的点蚀船体梁的中拱极限弯矩和中垂极限弯矩，分析CFRP对FPSO点蚀船体梁的修复效果，并分析胶层失效规律。结果表明，CFRP可为船舶的高效修复提供一种新的方式。     

大型舰船总纵强度计算方法研究

由于现有国内水面舰船设计规范仅适用于船长160m以下的舰船,为了更好地研究大型舰船的总纵强度,本文对一船长约200m的目标舰按照<中国船级社钢质海船入级与建造规范>(CCS)与基于<舰船通用规范>(GJB)基础上的建议标准以及全船有限元直接计算这三种方法作了计算与比较,得出了一些有益的结论,对大型舰船的总纵强度研究与规范的制定提供了较好的参考.     

船舶气囊下水安全性评估方法研究

气囊下水是船舶下水的一种创新方式,但是气囊下水过程中船体强度和气囊的安全性还没有定量的计算方法.近年采用气囊下水的船舶重量不断增大,下水安全性问题日益突出.本文考虑气囊刚度的非线性、下水过程中船体的力平衡条件等,提出了一种基于全船结构有限元分析的船体结构和气囊安全性评估方法.研究的内容和结果是紧密结合工程实际的.(1)考虑气囊压缩变形的非线性,研究了一种预报气囊刚度的有效方法;(2)基于弹性下水理论,研究了一种考虑弹性基座刚度非线性变化的船体梁运动和受力的计算方法;(3)提出了直接采用全船结构有限元分析计算船体结构应力和气囊受力的方法;(4)对某型实船进行了气囊下水的安全性分析,并与文献的结果进行比较,验证了气囊下水工艺的优越性和本文建议方法的准确性.     

破损船体非对称弯曲极限强度分析及可靠性评估

在船体发生破损后,其剩余有效剖面是非对称的,船体还可能倾斜。本文首先对破损船体非对称弯曲进行了弹性和塑性分析,在此基础上假设了破损船体发生整体破坏时的剖面应力分布,给出了破损船体非对称弯曲极限强度分析方法,并采用了比较精细的方法计算加筋板格的屈曲极限强度。以箱型梁模型和超大型油船为例,将本文的计算结果与试验、ＩＳＵＭ法及解析公式的结果进行了比较。基于破损船体极限强度,结合重要性样本法,对６５,００     

船体梁极限强度的近似计算

船体梁的总纵强度是反映船舶结构安全可靠的最基本的强度指标。船体结构极限强度评估对于船舶结构初步设计、使用、维护和维修都非常重要，因此船体梁极限强度研究成为近几十年来船舶工程界的热点研究课题之一。到目前为止有两种典型的加筋板和船体梁的极限强度分析方法，它们是直接计算法和逐步破坏分析法。本文基于加筋板单元的平均应力应变曲线和逐步破坏分拆方法，提出了加筋板和船体梁极限强度的简化分析方法，考虑了初始挠度和残余应力对加筋板单元极限强度的影响。数值结果表明，采用本文简化方法得到的结果与有限元计算结果或其它逐步破坏分析结果比较符合。     

CSR节点力施加方法对集装箱船总强度评估的适用性研究

以10 000 TEU集装箱船为例,分别采用DNV规范中的节点力法及《油船散货船共同结构规范》(CSR)中的节点力法对其总强度进行计算。对比二者的计算结果,分析CSR节点力施加方法对集装箱船总强度评估的适用性及其优缺点。结果显示,CSR节点力施加方法适用于集装箱船总强度评估,且可有效避免局部应力集中现象。     

Ultimate collapse tests of stiffened-plate ship structural units

An increasingly popular approximate method for assessing ship hull girder ultimate strength is to combine the individual elasto-plastic load-carrying characteristics of each single stiffened-plate unit comprising the ship hull cross section. In order to evaluate methods (numerical and experimental) for developing the load-carrying characteristics (load–shortening curves), a full-scale testing system was designed and constructed to provide data for stiffened steel plate units under combined axial and lateral loads. The system included an assembly of discrete plate edge restraints that were developed to represent symmetric boundary conditions within a grillage system. Twelve full-scale panels including ‘as-built’, ‘deformed’ and ‘damaged’ specimens were tested in this set-up.

The specimens failed by combined plate and flexural buckling, stiffener tripping or local collapse, depending on the magnitude of lateral loads and local damage. Load-shortening curves associated with different failure modes were found to be distinctly different and it was found that a small lateral load could change the failure mode from flexural buckling to tripping. Current design criteria should directly consider effects of the lateral loads on the failure modes and the collapse loads of stiffened plates.     

Parametric dependencies of the post-ultimate strength behavior of a ship’s hull girder in waves

To rationally assess the consequence of a ship’s hull girder collapse, it is necessary to know the post-ultimate strength behavior of the hull girder including the global deformation and motions under extreme wave-induced loads. In the foregoing research, the authors proposed a numerical analysis system to predict the collapse behavior in waves including the post-ultimate strength behavior. The primary objective of the present paper is to clarify the parametric dependencies of the severity of the collapse in a rational manner. The parameters may include those related to load-carrying capacity and the extreme loads. To this end, an analytical solution to describe the post-ultimate strength behavior is derived. Assuming that a plastic hinge is formed at the midship during the collapse procedure, the whole ship is modeled as a two-rigid-bodies system connected to each other amidship via a nonlinear rotational spring, which represents the nonlinear relationship between the bending moment and the rotational angle. The relationship may be modeled as piece-wise linear curves. It is further assumed that large motions and elastic/plastic deformations of the hull girder may not affect the load evaluations, and that the hull girder is subjected to a large single wave. Some important parameters to predict the severity of the collapse are specified based on the analytical solution.     

纵向箱型梁舱段极限强度试验研究

极限强度是船体结构设计中的重要指标,试验研究是船体纵向极限强度的重要方法.纵向箱型梁是一种已运用在国外舰船上的新型结构型式.鉴于目前国内对此类结构型式的试验研究还不够充分,本文对此型式的舱段模型进行极限强度试验,观察并记录其崩溃过程.应用逐步崩溃法和非线性有限元数值方法进行模型极限强度预报.试验结果证实了极限强度理论计算方法的可靠性,其中国际船级社协会推荐的MARS2000软件的计算结果略偏保守.本试验可以为纵向箱型梁的结构设计提供参考依据.     

190 m以下箱形驳总纵强度规范研究

针对目前超尺度箱形驳需要通过直接计算进行总强度校核的要求,采用有限元方法,基于船体梁理论,通过研究不同舱壁设置时,甲板和船底参与总纵强度的有效性,提出了保证超尺度箱形驳按规范进行设计的总强度附加要求,即对不同尺度比的箱形驳设置最低数量的水密舱壁来保证超尺度箱形驳的总强度,从而避免进行复杂的全船直接计算.