32万吨级VLCC换代开发技术亮点

近年来,随着国际规则规范的频繁更新,以及航运界对节能船舶的迫切需求,MARIC在国家工信部精品船型课题的支持下,对VLCC船型进行了换代开发,研发出节能、安全、环保的新一代VLCC船型,并接获了批量订单。其为招商轮船量身设计的最新一代31.8万吨VLCC首制船已经交付使用,运行良好。由于国内外VLCC的设计都已经比较成熟,新一代VLCC研发工作主要集中于当前刚刚生效,或即     

船舶推进节能技术研究与进展

随着船舶燃油价格的上涨,船舶节能技术得到了广泛的关注,本文旨在介绍国内外船舶推进与节能方面的研究与进展。其中包括优秀船型的研究、开发附加流体水动力节能装置、新型高效推进器以及一些特殊船舶节能技术的研究。重点介绍了非对称尾船型、双尾鳍船型、可调距螺旋桨、对转螺旋桨、桨后自由旋转助推叶轮、舵附推力鳍以及一些特殊船舶推进节能装置的研究与应用等。     

周志勇同志获上海市五一劳动奖章

正上海船舶研究设计院院长助理、创新中心常务副总监周志勇同志获上海市五一劳动奖章。他主要负责完善基于参数化建模及流体力学的船舶线型优化流程,培养了性能基础技术团队,为船型开发、创新转型奠定了基础。他组织参与了49 000 DWT双相不锈钢化学品船、7 500车LNG燃料汽车滚装运输船等船型开发工作。作为核心开发人员,他开发了64 000 DWT散货船,30.8万吨VLCC和37 000 DWT     

全球首艘机帆混合动力VLCC即将“扬帆”启航

<正>2017年9月1日,由大船集团牵头承担的国家高技术船舶科研计划"风帆技术示范应用开发"项目风帆制作开工仪式在大船集团舵轴公司机加工车间举行。在VLCC实船上进行风帆示范应用尚属首次,全球首艘超大型风帆动力油船即将"扬帆"启航,标志着中国船企大型货船节能减排技术研发进入全新风能利用阶段。风帆项目是国家工信部批准的围绕主力船型节能减排的创新性重点项目。该项目自2015年启动以来,经     

中国长航小功率柴油机实船应用研究取得突破

近年来，随着国际燃油价格不断攀升，新船型、新机型的技术创新成为降低能耗的一项重要措施。中国长江航运集团重庆公司开发的500千瓦以下全烧千秒燃料油的小功率国产柴油机，在长江船舶实船应用取得重大突破。     

LNG动力技术在多用途船上的应用与研究

针对液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas, LNG)双燃料动力船开发过程中关键技术选择应用的问题，以LNG双燃料28 000 t多用途船为研究对象，分析了以LNG作为船舶燃料的设计特点，进一步阐述了曼恩ME-GI双燃料主机、LNG燃料舱、燃料供应系统(FGSS)等方面的关键技术，总结了LNG动力船使用LNG燃料的经济性。该船型的开发为后续开发建造更经济、环保、安全的LNG动力船提供了建设性思路和经验性方向。     

适应共同结构规范的30.8t VLCC船型开发

708研究所以"经济、安全、环保"(ESE)为宗旨,开发了适应双壳油船共同结构规范(CSR)的30.8万t VLCC船型.本中介绍了CSR对结构设计的关键要求以及对总体设计的部分要求,并着重对VLCC总强度储备、中剖面设计和粗网格有限元分析等关键技术进行了分析,以期初步阐明CSR对VLCC结构设计的影响.     

加装风帆对VLCC直升机甲板气流场的影响研究

船舶加装翼型风帆在显著降低主机功率,节省燃油消耗和温室气体排放的同时,也改变了船上直升机甲板上方的气流场,因此,非常有必要开展加装风帆对船舶直升机甲板气流场的影响评估。采用风洞中的热线风速仪测量技术,以30万吨级超大型油船(VLCC)为对象,计及风向角、垂向高度等影响因素,定量评估了加装风帆对船舶直升机甲板气流场的影响；在此基础上,根据标准CAP437推荐的判定准则,获得了VLCC有、无风帆的直升机飞行包络线。研究结果可为加装风帆的VLCC直升机安全起降作业提供帮助,也可为后续加装风帆的船型甲板布局设计提供参考。     

适应共同结构规范的30．8万t VLCC船型开发

708研究所以“经济、安全、环保”（ESE）为宗旨，开发了适应双壳油船共同结构规范（CSR）的30．8万t VLCC船型。文中介绍了CSR对结构设计的关键要求以及对总体设计的部分要求，并着重对VLCC总强度储备、中剖面设计和粗网格有限元分析等关键技术进行了分析，以期初步阐明CSR对VLCC结构设计的影响。     

双燃料型近海供应船开发设计研究

以一艘LNG燃料近海供应船船型的研究开发项目为例,对船舶的总布置方式、动力系统选型、LNG燃料系统架构、危险气体影响区域、变频驱动技术等关键技术进行详细分析,对于船舶的污染物排放和船舶能效指数做了初步计算分析,可以为LNG动力船舶的船型开发提供有益参考。     

Duration analysis for recurrent ship accidents

About 63% of the world’s shipping accidents are recurrent—they occur to ships that have already experienced at least one prior accident. Therefore, reducing recurrent accidents can contribute significantly to maritime safety. We study the factors affecting both first and recurrent accidents, by focusing on the duration between two accidents. Cox proportional hazard models are applied to ship accident data from 1996 to 2015, and the results identify which ships have a high risk of recurrent accidents, based on ship attributes, ship supply and market conditions, shipbuilding country, previous accident type, and ship type. The recurrent rate is high when the ship involved in the accident is old, small, flies a flag of convenience, and has no detention record. In addition, the accident risk increases when the shipping market faces a high bunker price, overcapacity in supply, a high time charter rate, or low newbuilding price. On the other hand, ships built in China and Japan have lower recurrent accident rates than those built elsewhere, although ships built in China have earlier first accidents than do others. General cargo ships have the highest recurrent accident rate, followed by dry bulkers, container ships, and tankers, in that order.     

VLCC船LNG燃料储罐的设计

针对中东至国内典型航线的VLCC船舶进行了LNG动力船储罐的选型与设计,给出了LNG的加注时机方案、基于降速下的燃料消耗的计算方法、储罐的选型与选材及结构设计计算和强度计算等。并对船用LNG储罐的强度进行严谨的计算,其结果在允许的要求范围内。因此,研究不仅对超大型LNG动力船储罐的选型和设计有很好的指导意义,而且为未来开展LNG动力船的研究打下良好的基础。     

LNG燃料舱晃荡载荷数值分析

以某冷藏集装箱船的薄膜型液化天然气(LNG)燃料舱为例，考虑船舶运动与燃料舱内LNG晃荡的耦合作用，根据势流理论在时域内求解燃料舱内LNG的晃荡压力，将作用在舱壁的晃荡载荷分解为脉冲压力和非脉冲压力。将随时间变化的LNG脉冲压力作为虚拟的附加质量耦合船舶的运动，采用数值模拟的方法分析LNG燃料舱的晃荡压力。结果表明，当燃料舱距离船中较远、重心较高时晃荡压力大幅增加。研究成果对其他类型的LNG燃料舱晃荡压力的计算具有一定的参考意义。     

Short-term liner shipping bunker procurement with swap contracts

The bunker price fluctuations in recent years have severely threatened the stability of liner shipping companies’ operations. As an efficient countermeasure, the swap contract is widely adopted throughout the liner shipping industry to hedge the procurement risk resulting from the bunker price fluctuation. This paper looks at the short-term liner shipping bunker procurement problem with swap contracts (BPPSC), aiming to optimally plan the amount of bunker purchased from the spot market and the amount hedged by the swap contract for several months ahead. This BPPSC is first formulated as a bunker procurement cost mean-variance minimization (MVM) model, and is subsequently solved using a tangible two-step approach developed in this study. In the first step, the movements of the swap contract price and the spot market price of the bunker are described using a calibrated multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (mGARCH) time series model. In the second step, the MVM model is approximated and solved by a price scenario tree constructed from the mGARCH time series model. A numerical example shows that the risk hedging strategy obtained can simultaneously control the bunker procurement cost as well as the procurement risk from price fluctuations. This article is a revised and expanded version of the abridged eight-page paper entitled ‘Optimal hedging for liner bunker procurement’ presented at ‘2015 International Conference on Logistics and Maritime Systems (LOGMS 2015)’, Hong Kong, 27–29 August 2015.     

超大型原油船平行中体建造优化研究

超大型原油船是海运业中的一种重要船型,其载油量为20～30万吨,单船运量大,是原油的理想运输工具。平行中体结构占全船70%左右,是其主要载货空间,在整个船体建造过程中占据重要地位。论文通过分析某型载重量为29.7万吨的VLCC建造过程中的控制工艺及其优劣性,对改进设计工艺工法,提高生产效率有着重要意义和作用。     

基于VLCC的液货智能管理系统设计技术

基于超大型油船(VLCC),针对液货相关系统展开分析,完成以液货智能管理系统框架设计、液货和货舱监测报警系统集成设计、液货保护系统监测报警系统集成设计、辅助决策设计为四大关键技术的液货智能管理系统的设计研究。在智能船舶1.0的研究背景下,依托招商局能源公司VLCC实船安装的液货智能管理系统,通过对关键数据进行采集和监测分析,实现液货系统的预报警和报警功能,同时为船员提供对应辅助决策。该系统突破了常规油船液货控制及监测系统独立显示和报警的模式,实现了对液货系统状态的集成监测报警、智能管理及辅助决策功能,很大程度地提高了液货系统操作的安全性和便利性。     

Development of early warning index in Korean shipping industry by using signal approach

ABSTRACT

The study aims to investigate and prevent shipping companies’ insolvency that can be derived from depressed market sentiment in the shipping industry. For this purpose, the paper focuses on developing an early warning index. The main factors that contribute to the change in the shipping industry are derived. Sixty independent variables were accounted in the development of early warning index, some of which are shipping, shipbuilding, and finance. Suggestions drew from the result of early warning index are described as below. Firstly, the results of a signal approach towards independent variables showed lowest the signal error value in newbuilding price of containership, bunker price, Commodity Research Bureau (CRB) commodity index, and order book of bulkship. These indicators have proven to be a high level of variation factor during shipping markets’ crisis. Secondly, the early warning index confirmed that it preceded by 6 months compared to probability of default. Thirdly, in order to validate the accuracy of the early warning index, the adequacy of the model was tested using a mean square error and time lag correlations. As a result of the verification, value proved to be at a high level of compliance at 0.097.     

LNG动力船舶燃料舱预冷加注关键工艺技术

以国内某型液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas, LNG)集装箱动力船舶为例,阐述热传导原理,以其基本参数为基础详细论述LNG动力船舶燃料舱预冷加注关键工艺技术,确定LNG燃料舱预冷加注的工艺流程及注意事项等。经应用验证,所研究的关键工艺技术可为大多数LNG动力船舶燃料舱预冷加注提供参考。     

论现代造船体制的特征和实践

中国一流船厂的造船综合生产效率仅为国际水平的十几分之一。症结在于尚未建立起符合成组技术原理的现代造体制，笔者认为，混合工种的生产组织，流通量控制的生产管理，分道布置的生产流程和壳舾涂一体化的作业方法是现代造船体制之基本特征，其实质是柔性化的流水生产，笔者提出了以理论研究为牵引，造船之首道工序为起点，从改革最基层的生产组织，建立“微型工厂”做起的实施思路，同时，论述了结合江南造船厂新建管子车间，广州     

Ship service life extension considering ship condition and remaining design life

Reliable and continuous operation of ships is vitally important to the decision-makers. Driven by the rising cost of newbuilding ships, maintenance actions are needed on existing ships to ensure safe and enduring service beyond their initial design life. Extending ship service life can provide economic operating profit and promote sustainability. Meanwhile, ships during their extended service life may involve higher failure risk and additional maintenance expenditure. Therefore, a cost-benefit evaluation is imperative for determining the optimal duration of service life extension (SLE) and the associated maintenance actions. In this paper, a novel method for this purpose is proposed. Two cost-benefit indicators, benefit-cost ratio (BCR) and net present value (NPV) are used to optimize the duration of SLE. Using Bayesian updating, information on the remaining design life and the structural condition at the SLE decision is incorporated into the optimization process to better inform SLE decision-making. The proposed method is illustrated by a fatigue-sensitive very large crude carrier (VLCC) at both structural component and structural system levels.