船体尾压浪板砰击载荷分析

本文针对尾压浪板入水砰击压力开展研究,分别用Fluent和Dytran软件计算其入水砰击载荷。本文首先在不同的有限元模型中计算尾压浪板以10 m/s入水时的砰击压力,选择具有合理网格尺寸的有限元模型,进而避免了网格尺寸对计算结果的影响;接着分别计算了尾压浪板以不同速度入水时所受到的砰击压力,二者计算得到的砰击压力系数与我国规范给出的结果较为吻合,对于船舶尾压浪板砰击载荷的选取具有一定的参考意义。     

江海直达船鞭击振动分析

对江海直达船首部砰击引起的鞭击振动进行了仿真分析,采用瞬态动力学模态分析法,计算过程中考虑附连水的作用。分析参数有砰击压力峰值和连续砰击次数,对比分析仿真结果,得出不同压力峰值和连续砰击次数的影响规律。     

船首外飘砰击设计载荷直接计算

文章结合三维线性势流理论和砰击速度的长期分析方法,求解出船体外飘位置的设计砰击速度;以首垂线和静水面交点处的设计砰击速度为目标值,给出了用于确定船首外飘砰击设计载荷的等效设计波,进而得到了设计状态下船体外飘剖面与波面相对运动关系;将船体剖面与波面间的相对运动关系等效转化为船体剖面与静水面的相对运动,利用显式有限元方法实现了外飘剖面砰击设计载荷的预报。针对直接计算方法中涉及的设计砰击速度、砰击压力和砰击压力系数,对比分析了文中结果和相应的规范值或试验值,论证了文中船舶外飘砰击压力设计载荷直接计算方法的合理性。     

砰击载荷作用下双体船强度计算方法研究

舰船的砰击载荷与结构响应的研究一直备受关注。对于双体船来说,砰击按部位可分为底部砰击、外飘砰击和甲板上浪,和连接相邻船体的甲板下侧,即湿甲板砰击。目前对于双体船的砰击计算还不完善,因此对于该船型的砰击研究十分必要。本文分别利用规范计算和直接计算的方式,对砰击载荷作用下双体船强度影响进行研究。规范计算主要基于中国船级社规范计算砰击载荷,直接计算则是通过线性势流理论预报船波相对速度,借助相关规范确定砰击压力系数,实现砰击载荷的直接计算。通过有限元软件加载计算,分析比较2种载荷计算方法对双体船强度的影响,以指导砰击载荷作用下双体船局部结构的设计实践。     

砰击载荷作用下双体船强度计算方法研究

舰船的砰击载荷与结构响应的研究一直备受关注.对于双体船来说,砰击按部位可分为底部砰击、外飘砰击和甲板上浪,和连接相邻船体的甲板下侧,即湿甲板砰击.目前对于双体船的砰击计算还不完善,因此对于该船型的砰击研究十分必要.本文分别利用规范计算和直接计算的方式,对砰击载荷作用下双体船强度影响进行研究.规范计算主要基于中国船级社规范计算砰击载荷,直接计算则是通过线性势流理论预报船波相对速度,借助相关规范确定砰击压力系数,实现砰击载荷的直接计算.通过有限元软件加载计算,分析比较2种载荷计算方法对双体船强度的影响,以指导砰击载荷作用下双体船局部结构的设计实践.     

适用于汽车滚装船的外飘砰击规范要求对比研究

通过逆解析不同船级规范中关于汽车滚装船外飘砰击校核的计算公式,对不同船级规范采用的计算模型进行了对比,分析了不同规范外飘砰击计算模型之间的差异.以某汽车滚装船为例,对比了不同规范的首部外飘砰击载荷,在此基础上分析了不同规范外飘砰击强度要求之间的差异,为汽车滚装船的首部结构设计提供参考.     

三维楔形体与圆锥体的砰击压力

基于有限元软件Fluent计算楔形体和圆锥体的入水砰击压力,并与试验结果进行比较,对于砰击压力分布及楔形体入水速度变化过程二者吻合较好。重点研究楔形体长宽比对砰击压力的影响。研究发现,楔形体长宽比对砰击压力影响较大,当楔形体长宽比大于3时,三维楔形体中横剖面的砰击压力计算可近似简化为具有同样剖面的二维楔形体入水问题。楔形体入水角对砰击压力极值的分布有很大的影响,相同入水速度条件下,楔形体的砰击压力极值比圆锥体的砰击压力极值大。     

三体船砰击压力数值计算方法研究

基于冯卡门砰击理论的基本思想,对任意形状的二维剖面入水砰击问题进行了数值研究,并且将该数值计算方法应用在了三体船船首底部二维剖面的砰击压力计算中。首先采用源汇分布法对二维剖面在不同入水深度处的附加质量进行求解,进而计算得到附加质量随入水深度的变化。在剖面入水速度已知的情况下,即可求得剖面的砰击压力值。然后以二维楔形体入水砰击为例,采用本文的数值计算方法对不同底部升角的砰击压力系数进行了数值计算。并且将数值计算结果与模型试验数据进行了比较,结果显示在底部升角大于10°的情况下,两者符合良好,从而验证了该数值方法的可行性。最终,利用该方法对三体船船首底部二维剖面的砰击压力进行了研究。     

满足油船共同结构规范的船底砰击加强分析

共同结构规范(CSR)对油船船底砰击的结构评估提出了明确而严格的要求,通过对规范条款的分析,归纳总结了CSR对船底砰击加强的具体要求,阐述了有效控制砰击、加强结构重量的手段。并以某Aframax型油船为例,从结构重量和施工工艺两方面,对抵御砰击压力的船底结构进行不同加强方案的比较分析。     

箱形驳船底部砰击载荷及结构加强要求研究

针对箱形驳船,建立了三维水动力计算模型,对箱形驳船系列在设计海况下的船体与波浪之间的相对运动和相对速度做了短期预报。运用Ochi船舶砰击理论,分析了箱形驳船在不同吃水和拖航速度时船首砰击的发生概率和砰击压力极值等,并讨论了吃水、拖航速度等因素对箱形驳船底部砰击特性的影响。在此基础上,提出了箱形驳船首部砰击加强的临界航速建议,为箱形驳船规范中有关底部砰击载荷的修订提供参考和依据。     

Hydroelastic slamming

An overview of the many water-impact (slamming) problems in ship and ocean engineering is given. Theoretical and experimental drop tests of horizontal and nearly horizontal elastic plates are reviewed. It is shown that maximum pressure cannot be used to estimate maximum slamming-induced stresses when maximum pressure is large, because dynamic hydroelastic effects then become important. Further, the significance of hydroelasticity increases with decreasing dead-rise angle, increasing impact velocity, and increasing the value of the highest local natural period of the structure. It is emphasized that the slamming problem must be hydrodynamically studied from a structural point of view. Comparisons between theory and full-scale measurements of slamming-induced local strains in the wet-deck of a catamaran are presented. The importance of the rigid body vertical accelerations and the influence of the side-hulls on the impact velocity are pointed out. Received: October 4, 2000     

Equivalent design pressure for ship plates subjected to moving slamming impact loads

When a ship navigates at sea, the slamming impact can generate significant load pulses which move up along the hull plating. The effect of the moving pressure has so far not been explicitly considered in the Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships. Based on a modal superposition method and the Lagrange equation, this paper derives analytical solutions to study the elastic dynamic responses of fully clamped rectangular plates under moving pressure impact loads. The spatial variation of the moving slamming impact pressure is simplified to three types of impact loads, i.e. a rectangular pulse, a linearly decaying pulse and an exponentially decaying pulse. The dynamic responses of fully clamped rectangular plates under the moving slamming impact pressure are calculated in order to investigate the influence of the load pulse shapes and moving speed on the plate structural behaviour. It is found that the structural response of the plate increases with the increase of the moving speed. The response of the plate subjected to a moving pressure impact load is smaller than the case when the plate is subjected to a spatially uniform distributed impact load with the same load amplitude and load duration. In order to quantify the effect of the moving speed on the dynamic load, a Dynamic Moving Load Coefficient (DMLC) is introduced as the ratio between the dynamic load factor for the moving impact load and that under the spatially uniform distributed impact load. An expression for DMLC is proposed based on analyses of various scenarios using the developed analytical model. Finally an empirical formula which transforms the moving impact loads to an equivalent static load is proposed.     

船舶砰击强度计算方法研究

船舶在航行时发生砰击是一种高度非线性的物理现象。本文基于势流理论Rankine源法,研究用时域非线性方法计算船舶运动响应,获得船波垂向相对运动速度;并选取合适的砰击压力系数,计算船舶砰击载荷。最后用该方法评估了一艘集装箱船艏部砰击强度,验证了该方法的合理性。     

Prediction of slamming pressure considering fluid-structure interaction. Part II: Derivation of empirical formulations

This is Part II in a series of papers. Part I [1] investigated the slamming responses of flexible flat stiffened steel and aluminum plates using the nonlinear explicit finite element code LS-Dyna with the Multi-Material Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (MMALE) solver. Subsequently, a simplified finite element FSI model of water hitting structures that is realistically close to the slamming phenomenon occurring on the bottom part of offshore structures was proposed. The proposed FSI methodology presented in Part I was verified by comparison with the relevant test data. It was evident that the use of the proposed numerical method presented in Part I was very effective for a benchmarking investigation of slamming load considering the hydroelastic effect. However, the method required much effort in terms of computation time and power analysis resources. The present study, Part II, aimed, as an alternative to the FSI analysis approach, to develop empirical formulae for prediction of slamming loads acting on deformable flat stiffened plates used in marine applications. This paper begins by describing the limitations of the existing approaches based on theoretical, experimental and even numerical studies conducted in the past for estimation of slamming loads. Next, it presents, based on the simulation methodology developed in Part I, rigorous parametric studies that had been performed on actual scantlings of marine-seagoing structures. The effects of structural geometry and water impact velocity on slamming pressure are then investigated in detail. Subsequently, the parametric results are analyzed and utilized to derive empirical formulations for the prediction of slamming loads acting on flat stiffened plates of marine structures. The accuracy and reliability of the proposed formulations are established by comparison with the results of the test and other existing formulations. The proposed formulations are expected to be used for the purposes of the design without any time-consuming FSI analysis of advanced and optimal structures that are robust to slamming.     

不同海况下小侧体三体船的艏部结构砰击特性

本文运用CFD软件STAR-CCM+建立三体船在波浪条件下的三维砰击模型,采用重叠网格技术结合船舶六自由度系统模拟船体的砰击运动,对不同波高、波长以及不同航速下的船体砰击进行数值模拟,对比分析各工况下船体结构的运动响应和砰击特征。数值模拟结果表明：航速变化对船体砰击压力有显著影响,而波高和波长的变化对砰击压力影响较小但也不可忽视。     

Benchmark study on slamming response of flat-stiffened plates considering fluid-structure interaction

This paper presents a benchmark study on the slamming responses of offshore structures’ flat-stiffened plates. The objective was to compare the fluid-structure interaction (FSI) simulation methodologies, modeling techniques, and established researchers' experiences in predicting slamming pressure. Three research groups employing the most common commercial software packages for numerical FSI simulations (i.e. LS-Dyna ALE, LS-Dyna ICFD, ANSYS CFX, and Star-CCM+/ABAQUS) participated in this study. Wet drop test data on flat-stiffened aluminum plates of light-ship-like bottom structures available in the open literature was utilized for validation of the FSI modeling. A summary of the experimental conditions including the geometry model and material properties, was distributed to the participants prior to their simulations. A parametric study on flat-stiffened steel plates having actual scantlings used in marine installations was performed to investigate the effect of impact velocity and plate rigidity on slamming response. The FE simulation results for the total vertical forces acting on the stiffened plates and their structural responses to those forces, as obtained from the participants, were analyzed and compared. The reliable and accurate predictions of slamming loads using the aforementioned commercial FSI software packages were evaluated. Additionally, equivalent static slamming pressures resulting in the same permanent deflections, as observed from the FSI simulations, were reported and compared with analytical models proposed by the Classification Standards DNV and existing experimental data for calculation of the slamming pressure. The study results showed that the equivalent load model depends on the water impact velocity and plate rigidity; that is, the equivalent static pressure coefficient decreases with an increase in impact velocity, and increases when impacting structures become stiffer.     

半潜式支持平台恶劣海况下运动性能试验研究

半潜式支持平台的研发面临一系列技术难题，尤其是恶劣海洋环境对平台的影响。恶劣环境下，平台会出现严重的非线性载荷特性，严重时会危害平台安全，因此在研发设计阶段，有必要开展半潜式支持平台在恶劣海洋环境下的运动性能研究。针对我国自主开发设计的某型深水半潜式支持平台，基于模型试验方法开展恶劣海况下运动性能研究。在完成水平系泊系统和气隙、砰击载荷测试方案设计的基础上，开展试验研究，获得了平台固有周期、阻尼系数、恶劣海况下的运动响应以及气隙、砰击等非线性载荷。结果显示，在恶劣海况下，目标平台运动响应较大，不具备作业条件。平台多处气隙出现负值且发生较为显著的砰击现象，砰击次数及砰击压力均较大。结果为半潜式支持平台总体设计提供了有效的支撑数据。     

Efficient calculation of slamming pressures on ships in irregular seas

An efficient method for calculation of the slamming pressures on ship hulls in irregular waves is presented and validated for a 290-m cruise ship. Nonlinear strip theory was used to calculate the ship–wave relative motions. The relative vertical and roll velocities for a slamming event were input to the slamming calculation program, which used a two-dimensional boundary element method (BEM) based on the generalized 2D Wagner formulation presented by Zhao et al. To improve the calculation efficiency, the method was divided into two separate steps. In the first step, the velocity potentials were calculated for unit relative velocities between the section and the water. In the next step, these precalculated velocity potentials were used together with the real relative velocities experienced in a seaway to calculate the slamming pressure and total slamming force on the section. This saved considerable computer time for slamming calculations in irregular waves, without significant loss of accuracy. The calculated slamming pressures on the bow flare of the cruise ship agreed quite well with the measured values, at least for time windows in which the calculated and experimental ship motions agreed well. A simplified method for calculation of the instantaneous peak pressure on each ship section in irregular waves is also presented. The method was used to identify slamming events to be analyzed with the more refined 2D BEM method, but comparisons with measured values indicate that the method may also be used for a quick quantitative assessment of the maximum slamming pressures.     

筒型基础海洋平台拖航研究—波浪影响分析

文章以锦州9-3筒型基础系缆平台为对象,在拖航速度、筒位置以及平台吃水深度一定的条件下,通过模型试验测定了平台在不同规则波浪中拖航时的平台运动加速度、筒内气压力、筒底水压力以及拖缆力.并对试验数据进行比较分析,用于研究波浪对筒型基础平台随浪、顶浪拖航时的影响分析.试验结果表明:筒型基础平台可在渤海水域十年一遇有义波高4.5m的巨浪中拖航,在波高2m以下,航速2节以内,随浪拖航与顶浪拖航均有较高的稳性以及耐波性;顶浪拖航平台的垂荡运动要比随浪拖航时剧烈,随浪拖航平台的稳性以及耐波性要优于顶浪拖航;平台在大浪中拖航时,随浪拖航容许航速要高于顶浪拖航容许航速.