双体船/三体船兴波阻力数值预报方法研究

采用改进的Dawson方法,自行开发了可用于双体船、三体船兴波阻力的数值预报程序,并且考虑了高速三体船方尾的处理.利用本文的数值预报方法分别计算了一条小水线面双体船和一条三体船,验证了本文的数值预报方法在一定范围内能较合理地预报双体船、三体船的兴波阻力.此外,还讨论了该方法在三体船片体位置优化中的应用,通过和试验值对比验证了该方法可用于三体船片体布局优化.     

一种实用船型设计方法

介绍船型设计中对兴波阻力影响最大的两个因素--横剖面面积曲线和球鼻首的设计方法.20年间,结合实用船型的特点,采用该方法研发出一种对中高速船行之有效的船型设计程序,并先后对四种具有完全不同尾型的实用船型进行优化设计,即1984年完成的球首长轴套新船型、1988年完成的球首蜗尾新船型、1992年完成的球首双尾新船型、2002年完成的球首常规尾沿海客滚船新船型,都取得了良好的消波、减阻与节能效果.在设计航速下,与各自的对比船型相比较,四种新船型均大幅度减小兴波阻力,减小剩余阻力20%以上,节省有效功率分别为16.2%、5.5%、5.8%、10.3%.     

Hydrodynamic optimization of ship hull forms in shallow water

A computational method for improving hull form in shallow water with respect to wave resistance is presented. The method involves coupling ideas from two distinct research fields: numerical ship hydrodynamics and nonlinear programming techniques. The wave resistance is estimated by means of Morinos panel method, which is extended to free surface flow and considers the influence of finite depth on the wave resistance of ships. This is linked to the optimization procedure of the sequential quadratic programming (SQP) technique, and an optimum hull form can be obtained through a series of iterations giving some design constraints. Sinkage is an important factor in shallow water, and this method considers sinkage as a hydrodynamic design constraint. The optimization procedure developed is demonstrated by selecting a Wigley (C _B = 0.444) hull and the Series 60 (C _B = 0.60) hull, and new hull forms are obtained at Froude number 0.316. The Froude number specified corresponds to a lower than critical speed since most of the ships operating in shallow water move below their critical speed. The numerical results of the optimization procedure indicate that the optimized hull forms yields a reduction in wave resistance.     

一种曲面插值算法在球鼻艏形状优化中的应用

文章着眼于球鼻艏设计,提出一种球鼻艏几何形状的插值表达方法,把球鼻艏的设计参数减少至5个,提出采用多岛遗传算法数值优化兴波阻力的球鼻艏设计方法。最后,对KCS船的球鼻艏进行了优化设计,结果显示,其兴波阻力较原方案降低了10%,初步验证了该设计方法的有效性。     

船行波对直立岸壁的作用研究

以Wigley数学船型为对象,采用传统的一阶Rankine源面元方法,对在浅水情况下的Wigley单体船、双体船以及三体船的艉浪进行数值计算,并用得到的浅水船行波对岸壁的作用力进行计算,结果表明该方法有一定的可行性。     

双体船干扰阻力计算研究

根据给定的方艉双体船,用Fluent软件进行船舶阻力计算,通过不断调整双体船片体间距,分析片体间的干扰阻力与片体间距之间的关系,并且将CFD软件模拟结构与理论计算结果进行对比,结果证明,软件计算结果与理论计算结果吻合较好。     

玻璃钢双体游艇结构可靠度设计

可靠度设计可以较为真实地反映结构安全状态，现已成为结构设计的重点方法之一。本文以一艘玻璃钢双体游艇为例，通过频域水动力分析确定其最危险航行工况，进而对研究对象进行结构应力分析与可靠度计算。在满足可靠度安全要求的基础上，通过改变艇体铺层厚度对双体游艇进行轻量化设计。设计结果显示轻量化效果达到29.1%，优化设计结果良好。该种基于可靠度的设计方法对复合材料船艇结构设计具有一定的参考价值。     

基于CFD的船舶球首型线自动优化

在满足排水量及航速要求情况下设计出性能优良的船体型线,降低船体阻力、节能降耗是造船界一直所追求的目标。船舶球首的大小、位置和形状对船体兴波影响非常大,因此文章通过船型参数化融合方法,生成一系列球首型线,并以兴波阻力最小为目标,采用遗传算法实现球首型线的自动优化。将上述方法应用于某集装箱船球首型线的自动优化,并进行船舶静水阻力实验,实验表明优化船型在设计航速附近总阻力降低明显,说明文中采用的基于CFD船型自动优化方法是可行的。     

非对称双体船片体构型及阻力性能的数值研究

对于海上风电双体运维船而言,兴波阻力是其总阻力的重要组成部分.本文基于CFD技术对非对称双体船进行初步研究,通过改变双体船左右片体角度以及改变单侧片体肥瘦程度来实现内外片体排水体积差的目的2个方面来研究非对称双体船的阻力性能,比较各方案的阻力,综合考虑最终得出最优方案,为今后双体风电运维船的船型设计与优化提供一个新的研究方向.     

Resistance and seakeeping numerical performance analyses of a semi-small waterplane area twin hull at medium to high speeds

The hydrodynamic analysis of a new semi-small waterplane area twin hull (SWATH) suitable for various applications such as small and medium size passenger ferries is presented. This may be an attractive crossover configuration resulting from the merging of two classical shapes: a conventional SWATH and a fast catamaran. The final hull design exhibits a wedge-like waterline shape with the maximum beam at the stern; the hull ends with a very narrow entrance angle, has a prominent bulbous bow typical of SWATH vessels, and features full stern to arrange waterjet propellers. Our analysis aims to perform a preliminary assessment of the hydrodynamic performance of a hull with such a complex shape both in terms of resistance of the hull in calm water and seakeeping capability in regular head waves and compare the performance with that of a conventional SWATH. The analysis is performed using a boundary element method that was preliminarily validated on a conventional SWATH vessel.     

新型小水线面双体船阻力和耐波性数值模拟分析（英文）

The hydrodynamic analysis of a new semi-small waterplane area twin hull(SWATH) suitable for various applications such as small and medium size passenger ferries is presented. This may be an attractive crossover configuration resulting from the merging of two classical shapes: a conventional SWATH and a fast catamaran. The final hull design exhibits a wedge-like waterline shape with the maximum beam at the stern; the hull ends with a very narrow entrance angle, has a prominent bulbous bow typical of SWATH vessels, and features full stern to arrange waterjet propellers. Our analysis aims to perform a preliminary assessment of the hydrodynamic performance of a hull with such a complex shape both in terms of resistance of the hull in calm water and seakeeping capability in regular head waves and compare the performance with that of a conventional SWATH. The analysis is performed using a boundary element method that was preliminarily validated on a conventional SWATH vessel.     

基于全参数化建模的高速客船型线优化设计

以某型高速客船为研究对象。采用CAESES FRIENDSHIP-Framework软件进行全参数化建模,对初始模型采用SHIPFLOW软件进行兴波阻力计算,将计算结果与船模试验结果进行对比,以验证计算的可靠性。采用Sobol算法进行特征参数的灵敏度计算,以有效降低设计空间维数,提高计算效率。建立多航速优化模型,完成船体艏部兴波阻力优化。结果表明,优化模型的兴波阻力在多航速下较初始模型均明显降低,研究结果具有一定的工程实用价值。     

基于CFD的超小型双体无人船总体设计

概 要：现有超小型双体船的总体设计主要参照以往玻璃钢游乐船的设计经验，未考虑其型线设计，导致航速低和稳性差的问题。本文利用CFD仿真软件，对船体阻力进行分析对比，得到快速性较优的线型方案，同时考虑推进器布置的影响，设计了一型标准的超小型双体船。通过真实船模模型试验，验证了本设计方案较现有船型在航速指标上的明显改进，达到预期目的，为今后的超小型双体船总体设计提供了参考方向，值得应用和推广。     

高速双体穿浪船艏部结构动态位移监测与分析

为了测量穿浪双体船艏部结构在航行过程中的动态变形,并分析其变形的规律,文章利用光学微动测量系统对船体艏部结构的变形进行实时监测,并对测量数据进行实时自动采集与存储。试验结果表明:航行过程中动态变形为4.72 mm~7.60 mm;低海况高航速下的结构变形明显大于高海况低航速下的结构变形;在不同航向试验中,顶浪航行结构变形最大,艉斜浪、艏斜浪和顺浪工况相差不大。分析结果既可论证微动测量法监测动态变形的可行性,又可为高速双体穿浪船艏部结构疲劳裂纹和变形等机理研究及局部优化提供参考。     

基于潜艇模型尾流湍流强度和耗散率的CFD模拟

优良的隐身性能使得潜艇具有强大的突防能力,因此,控制潜艇尾流信号特征对于提高潜艇隐身性能意义重大,这些信号特征主要包括尾部湍流强度、湍动能、湍流耗散率等。同时,优良的艇型对于抑制尾流信号特征、提高潜艇快速性和隐身性也具有重要意义。基于此,采用RANS方法计算SUBOFF潜艇主艇体艇型及6种改良艇型的艇体粘性绕流,将CFD方法用于分析艇体半径、艇艏长度、艇艉长度等参数对潜艇尾流信号特征的影响。计算结果显示：在SUBOFF潜艇主艇体艇型及其6种改良艇型的尾流场中,增加艇体半径有利于抑制远尾流场湍流信号特征,在近场则不利;增加艇艏长度能降低近尾流场湍流信号特征,在远场影响较小;增加艇艉长度在近、远尾流场均有利于降低其信号特征。     

Development of a single-handed hydrofoil sailing catamaran

A new, high-speed, recreational dinghy has been developed. It is a catamaran with submerged hydrofoils, which allow the crew to control the trim and heel balances. The two hulls are allowed to rotate about a main beam. The hydrofoils, which are attached below each hull, change the angle of attack independently, and the difference between the lift forces acting on each hydrofoil makes the catamaran stable. The stability of the boat is examined by numerical calculations and one-third scale model tests. Received: September 14, 2000 / Accepted: July 3, 2001     

一种快速评估方法在船舶线型优化中的应用

采用一种势流兴波数值优化方法与RANS求解器的优化结合的方法对某中速船的首部进行线型优化,以便使其速度达到设计要求.经过多轮数值优化试验,取得一个优化方案.最终的优化方案经模型试验验证,总阻力下降约2.7%,预报航速提高约0.4kn.     

基于RANS法和边界层理论预报三维船体阻力

基于船体阻力成因和分类,应用二因次RANS法并结合EFD技术为研究手段,研究了船体各阻力成分和兴波波形,考虑边界层第一层网格高度对数值计算结果的影响,通过数值模拟计算和兴波波形比较,分析表明第一层网格无量纲高度y+值充分影响数值结果精度,总阻力在高傅汝德数下其数值误差有增大趋势,同一航速下摩擦阻力值随y+增加略微增大,剩余阻力值却明显减少,且自由面兴波随傅汝德数增大首部波高愈发明显,船中及尾部区域兴波向外扩散,船首尾肩部开尔文波系明显且波峰后移,其趋势与EFD波形一致,具有实用性。     

SBD技术在"探索一号"科考船线型设计中的应用

文章介绍了"探索一号"科考船船体改型设计及基于数值仿真方法(Simulation Based Design,SBD)的艏部线型优化设计。首先,依据总体设计要求,对原船艏部进行了加长并开展了线型设计,采用基于RANS的数值评估方法对改型前后船舶阻力进行计算分析。在此基础上,采用SBD技术开展了艏部线型优化设计,以设计航速时的总阻力作为目标函数,FFD方法实现船体几何自动重构,利用粒子群优化算法对线型优化设计问题进行求解,设计结果表明:在满足工程约束条件下,最优方案总阻力收益十分显著,航速12kns时模型总阻力减小了7.7%,剩余阻力系数减小了26.6%。     

Least-weight topology and size optimization of high speed vehicle-passenger catamaran structure by genetic algorithm

Selection of the “best” or “optimum” engineering design has always been a major concern of designers. Reduction of hull weight is the most important aim in the structural design of many ship types. But the ability of designers to produce optimal designs of ship structures is severely limited by the calculation techniques available for this task. Complete definition of the optimal structural design requires formulation of size–topology–shape–material optimization task unifying optimization problems from four areas and effective solution of the problem. So far a significant progress towards solution of this problem has not been achieved. In other hand in recent years attempts have been made to apply genetic algorithm (GA) optimization techniques to design of ship structures. An objective of the paper was to create a computer code and investigate a possibility of simultaneous optimization of both topology and scantlings of structural elements of large spatial sections of ships using GA. In the paper GA is applied to solve the problem of weight minimization of a high speed vehicle-passenger catamaran structure with several design variables as dimensions of the plate thickness, longitudinal stiffeners and transverse frames and spacing between longitudinals and transversal members. Results of numerical experiments obtained using the code are presented. They show that GA can be an efficient optimization tool for simultaneous design of topology and sizing high speed craft structures.