考虑流固耦合问题的水下爆炸声波传播的动态自适应有限元分析（英文）

In this paper, an investigation into the propagation of far field explosion waves in water and their effects on nearby structures are carried out. For the far field structure, the motion of the fluid surrounding the structure may be assumed small, allowing linearization of the governing fluid equations. A complete analysis of the problem must involve simultaneous solution of the dynamic response of the structure and the propagation of explosion wave in the surrounding fluid. In this study, a dynamic adaptive finite element procedure is proposed. Its application to the solution of a 2D fluid-structure interaction is investigated in the time domain. The research includes: a) calculation of the far-field scatter wave due to underwater explosion including solution of the time-depended acoustic wave equation, b) fluid-structure interaction analysis using coupled Euler-Lagrangian approach, and c) adaptive finite element procedures employing error estimates, and re-meshing. The temporal mesh adaptation is achieved by local regeneration of the grid using a time-dependent error indicator based on curvature of pressure function. As a result, the overall response is better predicted by a moving mesh than an equivalent uniform mesh. In addition, the cost of computation for large problems is reduced while the accuracy is improved.     

空中爆炸下舰船桅杆结构变形及破裂的数值模拟

对某舰的桅杆结构及相关甲板，用Lagrange单元进行模拟，桅杆周围、内部的空气用Euler单元进行模拟，Lagrange单元和Euler单元耦合界面采用一般耦合方法。运用动力有限元软件MSC／DYTRAN中的多欧拉-拉格朗日耦合方法，欧拉方程求解时使用具有二阶精度的Roe求解器，用MSC／PATRAN进行前后处理，模拟出了桅杆结构在空中爆炸作用下的变形及破裂。在破口处，冲击波传入桅杆内部，使内部空气压力发生变化。数值分析表明，应变率对结构非线性变形影响较大，计算中应当予以考虑。     

水下爆炸冲击波与气泡载荷作用下船体结构的动响应

由冲击波引起的结构动力毁伤与由气泡引起的结构动力毁伤机理不同.基于双渐近（DAA）理论,建立-套有限元方法与边界元方法相结合的数值计算程序.分别研究非接触水下爆炸冲击波载荷与气泡载荷作用下三维船体结构的动响应,阐述水下爆炸载荷与三维船体结构之间的流固耦合理论.通过算例,详细讨论冲击波与气泡载荷作用下船体结构的总体响应和局部响应的-些特征与机理.计算结果表明,在非接触水下爆炸中,冲击波主要是对船体结构造成局部毁伤,而气泡则会对船体结构造成总体与局部的双重毁伤.     

空中爆炸下舰船桅杆结构动态响应的数值模拟

对某舰的桅杆结构及相关甲板,用Lagrange单元进行模拟,桅杆周围的空气用Euler单元进行模拟,Lagrange单元和Euler单元耦合界面采用一般耦合方法.运用动力有限元软件MSC/DYTRAN进行计算,欧拉方程求解时使用具有二阶精度的Roe求解器,用MSC/PATRAN进行前后处理,模拟了桅杆结构在空中爆炸下的全过程.从计算结果可以得到爆炸冲击波的传播过程,桅杆结构中各点的加速度、速度、位移、应力响应.分析爆炸冲击波的比冲量及靠近桅杆结构的冲击波峰值压力表明本文计算结果是合理的;计算中考虑了流固耦合效应,模拟出了冲击波的反射和绕流,更加接近实际情况.因此文中的研究,对桅杆抗爆设计具有一定的参考价值.     

基于MPS-FEM耦合方法研究波浪与结构的相互作用（英文）

Nowadays, an increasing number of ships and marine structures are manufactured and inevitably operated in rough sea. As a result, some phenomena related to the violent fluid-elastic structure interactions(e.g., hydrodynamic slamming on marine vessels, tsunami impact on onshore structures, and sloshing in liquid containers) have aroused huge challenges to ocean engineering fields. In this paper, the moving particle semi-implicit(MPS) method and finite element method(FEM) coupled method is proposed for use in numerical investigations of the interaction between a regular wave and a horizontal suspended structure. The fluid domain calculated by the MPS method is dispersed into fluid particles, and the structure domain solved by the FEM method is dispersed into beam elements. The generation of the 2D regular wave is firstly conducted, and convergence verification is performed to determine appropriate particle spacing for the simulation. Next, the regular wave interacting with a rigid structure is initially performed and verified through the comparison with the laboratory experiments. By verification, the MPS-FEM coupled method can be applied to fluid-structure interaction(FSI) problems with waves. On this basis, taking the flexibility of structure into consideration, the elastic dynamic response of the structure subjected to the wave slamming is investigated, including the evolutions of the free surface, the variation of the wave impact pressures, the velocity distribution,and the structural deformation response. By comparison with the rigid case, the effects of the structural flexibility on wave-elastic structure interaction can be obtained.     

船舶在远场水下爆炸载荷作用下动态响应的数值计算方法

提出了一个利用MSC／DYTRAN数值模拟水面船舶在远距离水下爆炸载荷作用下动力响应的方法。用FORTRAN语言编译用户子程序，在近场水域边界处加上冲击波载荷以模拟远场爆炸效应，进而利用DYTRAN中强大的流固耦合计算功能，计算船体在水下冲击波作用下的动态响应。同时研究了边界定义和单元划分对冲击波传播的影响。该方法弥补了DYTRAN计算远场水下爆炸的某些不足，计算所得到的船体附近的自由场压力与经验公式的结果基本一致，船体的冲击响应与相关实验结果比较表明本文计算结果可信。     

Fluid-structure interaction and stress analysis of a floating wind turbine

In this paper, we describe a method to investigate the fluid-structure interaction of a floating wind turbine and to analyze the global deformations and the corresponding stresses with a detailed finite element model. To solve the fluid-structure interaction problem, a partitioned approach is chosen. The in-house C++ library comana, which was developed to solve multi-physic problems by coupling existing solvers, is extended to couple the fluid solver panMARE and the structural solver ANSYS. The significance of the interaction of structural deformations and the fluid loads is pointed out for the rotor of the wind turbine. In order to enable the use of a detailed finite element model in the fluid-structure interaction simulation, a model reduction method is applied in ANSYS. As a result, an efficient stress analysis can be performed under consideration of the fluid-structure interaction.     

ABAQUS–OlaFlow integrated numerical model for fluid–seabed–structure interaction

In this study, a new one-way integrated numerical model for fluid–seabed–structure interaction is established by integrating the finite element software, ABAQUS, and the open-source fluid dynamics package, OlaFlow. In this new model, the generation and propagation of ocean waves as well as the seepage flow in a porous medium are controlled by OlaFlow; concurrently, the wave-induced dynamic responses of a porous seabed and marine structures are governed by ABAQUS. The reliability of this new model is validated by an analytical solution and a series of wave flume tests. The comparison results show that the new established model has high reliability and feasibility. Finally, this new integrated model is utilized for investigating the wave-induced dynamics of a composite breakwater and its seabed foundation as well as to evaluate the residual horizontal sliding displacement of the caisson of this composite breakwater under wave impact. Because this new integrated numerical model can fully utilize the advantages of both ABAQUS and OlaFlow, it is expected to have broad prospects for application in engineering practice.     

夹层板在舰船舷侧防护结构中的应用

水面舰船抗水下爆炸的性能是舰船生命力的重要方面,深受各国海军重视.以某型水面舰船为研究对象,基于夹层板进行舷侧结构设计;选取典型工况,采用三舱段模型技术,使用MSC.Dytran对夹层板舷侧结构在水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下的动态响应进行仿真计算.比较分析了流-固耦合力、结构变形、速度、加速度、吸能等重要力学性能.结果表明夹层板应用于舰船舷侧结构使得结构的变形、位移减小,结构塑性吸能增加,显著改善了结构的冲击环境.夹层板是一种防护性能优良的结构形式,吸能效率较高,还减小了冲击波压力及冲量的吸收及传递,对减小舰船其它部位结构的损伤防护起到重要作用.     

圆柱壳在水下爆炸载荷作用下的动响应分析

主要研究了在无限水域中两端简支的圆柱壳受球形炸药爆炸冲击载荷作用下的动响应特性.首先,计及流-固耦合作用的影响,文中由Hamilton变分原理推导出了圆柱壳受爆炸载荷作用的控制方程.然后分别将位移函数的Fourier形式代入方程中,运用迦辽金方法进行化简,最后在时间域上使用四阶经典龙格-库塔方法,圆柱壳在某一时刻的动响应就可以得到.通过将计算结果与有限元计算软件MSC.DYTRAN的计算结果进行比较,可以证明文中计算结果的正确性和可靠性.     

静水压力作用的水下结构振动及声辐射

采用有限元／边界元方法开发了静水压力作用的水下结构振动与声辐射的计算程序。依据不同分析域的特点，对结构域和流体内域采用有限元方法，对流体外域采用边界元方法。分析了流体一结构相似特性，使通过对常规结构有限元分析程序中的参数作合理设置，使之能直接用于内域流体声学有限元分析。流体外域采用边界元方法，选取合适的格林函数，能够考虑无穷远和自由液面边界条件。流体对结构的作用表现附加质量和附加阻尼。采用FORTRAN代码计算外域流体附加质量和附加阻尼矩阵，采用结构有限元分析程序对结构和内域流体作有限元分析，采用DMAP代码将附加质量和附加阻尼同结构质量矩阵和阻尼矩阵相叠加，实现了流固耦合计算。通过几何刚度矩阵对结构刚度矩阵修正来考虑静水压力对结构声辐射的影响。     

Hydroelastic analysis of oblique irregular waves with a pontoon-type VLFS edged with dual inclined perforated plates

The fluid-structure interaction of oblique irregular waves with a pontoon-type very large floating structure (VLFS) edged with dual horizontal/inclined perforated plates has been investigated in the context of the direct time domain modal expansion theory. For the hydroelastic analysis, the boundary element method (BEM) based on time domain Kelvin sources is implemented to establish water wave model including the viscous effect of the perforated plates through the Darcy’s law, and the finite element method (FEM) is adopted for solving the deflections of the VLFS modeled as an equivalent Mindlin thick plate. In order to enhance the computing efficiency, the interpolation-tabulation scheme is applied to assess rapidly and accurately the free-surface Green function and its partial derivatives in finite water depth, and the boundary integral equation of a half or quarter VLFS model is further established taking advantage of symmetry of flow field and structure. Also, the numerical solutions are validated against a series of experimental tests. In the comparison, the empirical relationship between the actual porosity and porous parameter is successfully applied. Numerical solutions and model tests are executed to determine the hydroelastic response characteristics of VLFS with an attached anti-motion device. This study examines the effects of porosity, submerged depth, inclined angle and gap distance of such dual perforated anti-motion plates on the hydroelastic response to provide information regarding the optimal design. The effects of oblique wave angle on the performance of anti-motion and hydroelastic behavior of VLFS are also emphatically examined.     

舰船水下爆炸局部气穴效应理论模型研究

在舰船遭受水下爆炸的过程中,船体水下部分的外板与水中冲击波的相互作用将产生局部气穴效应。这种效应有可能导致舰船结构和设备上的二次加载现象,造成更严重的破坏。针对水下爆炸局部气穴效应中的非线性流固耦合现象,建立简化一维冲击波—浮体—局部气穴理论模型,分析了水中冲击波与浮体之间相互作用产生局部气穴的机理,推导局部气穴产生、发展和闭合过程时间和位置的公式,为进一步研究局部气穴现象对水下爆炸冲击环境下的舰船及其设备冲击响应的影响提供了理论依据。     

舰船舱内空爆数值仿真方法研究

利用 Ansys/LS-DYNA 动力分析软件模拟大型水面舰船在舱室内部爆炸情况下船体结构的加速度响应情况。炸药及空气采用欧拉网格,船体结构采用拉格朗日网格,计算采用多物质ALE算法。数值模拟中对爆炸环境进行简化,以附连水质量代替水线面下方水介质对船体结构的影响。将不同尺寸网格计算出的冲击波载荷曲线与经典经验公式对比,得到数值仿真的合理网格尺寸。采用简化模型讨论2种边界约束条件对各层平台加速度峰值响应的影响,得到较为合适的约束条件。计算得到沿船长方向船体结构加速度分布并与实验结果相比较,数值仿真计算得到的加速度峰值与实验数据较为吻合,表明仿真中对于空爆载荷及约束条件等冲击环境的模拟合理。     

轴系纵振对双层圆柱壳体水下声辐射的影响研究

采用有限元/边界元方法(FEM/BEM)对推进轴系纵振引起的双层圆柱壳水下辐射噪声特性进行研究.使用ANSYS有限元软件建立了流固耦合的有限元模型,计算了流-固耦合状态下结构振动位移响应.利用边界元技术对结构水下辐射噪声特性进行研究,并对推力轴承的布置位置和结构进行了改变,从而改变了激振力的大小及传递途径,对轴系纵振引起的结构水下辐射噪声起到了一定的改善.     

空中爆炸下舰船动态响应数值模拟

运用非线性动力有限元软件MSC.DYTRAN,计算了空中非接触爆炸冲击波作用下舰船动态响应过程.冲击波的计算结果与经验公式吻合良好,表明计算结果是合理的.在此基础上,分析了船体结构的应力情况,能量吸收和冲击环境,得出相关结果,对舰船的抗爆设计具有一定指导意义.     

波浪与水囊潜堤相互作用的数值模拟

基于黏性流体力学理论构建波浪与水囊潜堤相互作用的计算流体力学数值模型.利用高阶差分方法求解纳维斯托克斯方程,采用有限元方法求解结构动力学方程,采用虚拟单元浸入边界法实现流体和固体求解器的高精度耦合求解.通过流体体积方法实现界面重构,与试验结果比较验证模型的有效性.对规则波与不同充盈水囊潜堤相互作用进行数值模拟,寻找合适...     

水下爆炸脉动载荷对连续玄武岩纤维复合材料船体结构的影响

运用有限元程序MSC.Dytran模拟水下爆炸气泡脉动现象的整个过程,计算输出气泡中心位置压力时历曲线与爆炸理论吻合;采用层合板模型模拟连续玄武岩纤维复合材料,选取一般耦合算法计算流体与结构的耦合效应,计算连续玄武岩纤维复合材料舱段在脉动载荷作用下的动力响应;分析连续玄武岩纤维复合材料船体结构位移时历曲线、应力时历曲线及船底板应力云图.研究结果表明,在近场爆炸情况下,第一次脉动产生的应力波有可能比爆炸冲击波对船体造成更大的破坏;爆炸产生的脉动载荷频率接近整船或局部构件固有频率时,引发共振,对船体造成爆炸冲击破坏外的附加损害.     

Three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction case study on cubical fluid cavity with flexible bottom

In this paper, we report our study on a numerical fluid-structure interaction problem originally presented by Mok et al.(2001) in two dimensions and later studied in three dimensions by Valdés Vazquez(2007), Lombardi(2012), and Trimarchi(2012). We focus on a 3D test case in which we evaluated the sensitivity of several input parameters on the fluid and structural results. In particular, this analysis provides a starting point from which we can look deeper into specific aspects of these simulations and analyze more realistic cases, e.g., in sails design. In this study, using the commercial software ADINATM, we addressed a well-known unsteadiness problem comprising a square box representing the fluid domain with a flexible bottom modeled with structural shell elements. We compared data from previously published work whose authors used the same numerical approach, i.e., a partitioned approach coupling a finite volume solver(for the fluid domain) and a finite element solver(for the solid domain). Specifically, we established several benchmarks and made comparisons with respect to fluid and solid meshes, structural element types, and structural damping, as well as solution algorithms. Moreover, we compared our method with a monolithic finite element solution method. Our comparisons of new and old results provide an outline of best practices for such simulations.     

舰船舷侧防爆结构在内部爆炸作用下破裂的数值模拟

文章通过应用MSC.Dytran中的多欧拉一拉格朗日耦合方法,对反舰武器战斗部进入舷侧防爆结构内部爆炸作用下其变形和破坏的情况进行数值模拟研究.用多欧拉域模拟结构内外空气中爆炸冲击波传播情况.用快速一般耦合方法计算结构和流体的耦合作用.模拟结果显示:在冲击波作用下,防护结构外层舱室变形、失效后破裂,冲击波通过破口流入内层舱室.由于文中考虑了结构破坏与爆炸冲击波的相互作用,使得数值模拟方法和结果更符合实际.通过对爆炸冲击波动能与结构吸能的研究发现,除了结构的直接吸收削弱了冲击波的动能以外,通过破孔和舱壁上预开的孔泻掉的能量相当于结构总吸能的46.7%.因此在舰船舷侧防护结构设计时考虑内舱壁的适当开孔并减小强度是有益和必要的.