Three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction case study on cubical fluid cavity with flexible bottom

In this paper, we report our study on a numerical fluid-structure interaction problem originally presented by Mok et al.(2001) in two dimensions and later studied in three dimensions by Valdés Vazquez(2007), Lombardi(2012), and Trimarchi(2012). We focus on a 3D test case in which we evaluated the sensitivity of several input parameters on the fluid and structural results. In particular, this analysis provides a starting point from which we can look deeper into specific aspects of these simulations and analyze more realistic cases, e.g., in sails design. In this study, using the commercial software ADINATM, we addressed a well-known unsteadiness problem comprising a square box representing the fluid domain with a flexible bottom modeled with structural shell elements. We compared data from previously published work whose authors used the same numerical approach, i.e., a partitioned approach coupling a finite volume solver(for the fluid domain) and a finite element solver(for the solid domain). Specifically, we established several benchmarks and made comparisons with respect to fluid and solid meshes, structural element types, and structural damping, as well as solution algorithms. Moreover, we compared our method with a monolithic finite element solution method. Our comparisons of new and old results provide an outline of best practices for such simulations.     

液压销孔式升降系统结构分析

升降系统是自升式风电安装船的核心设备，其结构稳定性是其平台和桩腿顺利实现升降的保证。本文以某自升式风电安装船的液压销孔式升降系统为研究对象，采用有限元方法建立其部件的结构模型，给出结构分析的载荷及边界条件，并运用有限元分析软件Ansys对各工况下的受力与变形进行求解,对计算结果进行分析和评估。研究结论为升降系统的设计与制造提供了理论指导，并为此类结构受力的设计计算提供参考。     

轴系纵振对双层圆柱壳体水下声辐射的影响研究

采用有限元/边界元方法(FEM/BEM)对推进轴系纵振引起的双层圆柱壳水下辐射噪声特性进行研究.使用ANSYS有限元软件建立了流固耦合的有限元模型,计算了流-固耦合状态下结构振动位移响应.利用边界元技术对结构水下辐射噪声特性进行研究,并对推力轴承的布置位置和结构进行了改变,从而改变了激振力的大小及传递途径,对轴系纵振引起的结构水下辐射噪声起到了一定的改善.     

全回转推进器螺旋桨桨叶结构强度评估方法

为了解决全回转推进器螺旋桨的单向流固耦合问题,实现螺旋桨桨叶结构强度精确评估,文章基于计算流体力学和有限元法开展了螺旋桨桨叶的结构强度计算方法研究,重点探讨了桨叶表面随机分布压力从流体域到固体域的转换技术。在此基础上,文中提出了桨叶固液交界面上水动力载荷的转换方法,详细研究了插值加权系数和有限元网格尺寸对桨叶结构强度计算精度的影响规律,给出了适用于桨叶强度评估的插值加权系数和单元网格尺寸选取原则。最后,该文以5000 kW级全回转推进器螺旋桨为例,开展了桨叶结构强度数值计算和安全评估,获得了桨叶的应力和变形分布规律,整体上建立了全回转推进器螺旋桨桨叶结构强度评估方法,可为大功率全回转推进器螺旋桨设计提供借鉴和参考。     

New method for ship finite element method preprocessing based on a 3D parametric technique

A new method for ship finite element method (FEM) preprocessing is presented as well as its program development. The method is applicable for all kinds of ships at different levels, such as a whole ship, cargo hold parts or detailed structures. The 3D parametric technique is used when creating ship structures, which improves the modeling efficiency greatly and makes the model easy to modify. A 3D geometric constraint solver is developed to solve the constraint system of the parametric model. A meshing procedure is presented to automatically convert the parametric structure model into a finite element model, by which high quality mesh is generated in the stress concentrated area. It also becomes possible to create finite element models for different levels from the same structure model. Using this method, the engineers avoid much of the complex and laborious work of FEM preprocessing, which consumes a very significant amount of time in finite element analysis, and can pay more attention to post-processing. This method has proved to be practical and highly efficient by several engineering trials. This work is sponsored by “Liaoning BaiQianWan Talents Program”.     

船舶水下辐射噪声特性研究

本文采用有限元/边界元(FEM/BEM)方法对船舶水下辐射噪声特性进行研究.首先应用五种类型的有限单元建立了接近于真实船舶结构的有限元模型(包括机舱动力设备),并应用有限元法完成了流-固耦合状态下,船舶结构振动位移响应数值计算.然后将有限元模型的外表面处理成边界元模型,并由船舶外表面位移响应计算得到用于水下辐射噪声计算的速度边界条件.最后利用边界元技术对船舶水下辐射噪声特性进行研究.本文预估了仅考虑推进柴油机激励、柴油发电机组激励、齿轮箱激励以及所有激励情况下的船舶水下辐射噪声,并将其数值计算与实际测量结果比较,比较结果符合良好.     

空中爆炸下舰船桅杆结构变形及破裂的数值模拟

对某舰的桅杆结构及相关甲板，用Lagrange单元进行模拟，桅杆周围、内部的空气用Euler单元进行模拟，Lagrange单元和Euler单元耦合界面采用一般耦合方法。运用动力有限元软件MSC／DYTRAN中的多欧拉-拉格朗日耦合方法，欧拉方程求解时使用具有二阶精度的Roe求解器，用MSC／PATRAN进行前后处理，模拟出了桅杆结构在空中爆炸作用下的变形及破裂。在破口处，冲击波传入桅杆内部，使内部空气压力发生变化。数值分析表明，应变率对结构非线性变形影响较大，计算中应当予以考虑。     

船舶水下辐射噪声计算评估方法及应用

本文采用有限元(FEM)和边界元(BEM)相结合的方法对船舶水下辐射噪声进行研究。首先根据船舶的实际情况建立三维结构有限元模型,包括船体结构、压载、主要动力设备及其隔振方式等,然后结合实船测试的柴油发电机组、推进电机机脚振动和轴系中间支撑基座振动数值,及船模试验得到的螺旋桨脉动压力,计算获得流固耦合下结构的响应,最后将船体外壳水线以下结构响应作为约束条件,通过边界元的方法对水下辐射噪声进行计算和分析。从而对船舶设计阶段水下辐射噪声初步评估方法进行修正,同时对比水下辐射噪声实船测试结果,计算准确性较高,修正后的计算评估方法能进一步提高了设计阶段水下噪声的评估精度,为船舶水下辐射噪声控制提供了依据和参考。     

流固耦合振动的组合模态综合法

本文提出了流固耦合振动一种新的计算方法——组合模态综合法。该方法建立在流体-固体有限元组成的杂交子结构模型基础上.对流体子结构采用约束模态(静力变换模态),同固体子结构的两种模态——模综超元法中的动力变换模态和Craig的固定界面模态进行组合,以组合模态作为广义坐标对流固杂交子结构的运动方程进行变换获得两种形式的计算方法。本方法中采用了先装配流体子结构后装配固体子结构的技巧,从而消除了流体元的全部自由度和固体子结构的全部内自由度,仅保留固体子结构对接边界自由度,使最后计算特征值的矩阵阶数保持与结构中的模态综合超单元法及Craig法的阶数完全相同,大大减少了计算机时。 通过曲弯曲板元和平面膜元的组合板元构成的立体方盒结构以及三维矩形有限元的流固耦合振动计算,获得了与P.C.Chowdhury用整体有限元计算及光测实验一致的数值结果。     

Non-linear dynamic analysis of the response of moored floating structures

The complexity of the dynamic response of offshore marine structures requires advanced simulations tools for the accurate assessment of the seakeeping behaviour of these devices. The aim of this work is to present a new time-domain model for solving the dynamics of moored floating marine devices, specifically offshore wind turbines, subjected to non-linear environmental loads. The paper first introduces the formulation of the second-order wave radiation-diffraction solver, designed for calculating the wave-floater interaction. Then, the solver of the mooring dynamics, based on a non-linear Finite Element Method (FEM) approach, is presented. Next, the procedure developed for coupling the floater dynamics model with the mooring model is described. Some validation examples of the developed models, and comparisons among different mooring approaches, are presented. Finally, a study of the OC3 floating wind turbine concept is performed to analyze the influence of the mooring model in the dynamics of the platform and the tension in the mooring lines. The work comes to the conclusion that the coupling of a dynamic mooring model along with a second-order wave radiation-diffraction solver can offer realistic predictions of the floating wind turbine performance.     

Structural analysis of an offshore vertical axis wind turbine composite blade experiencing an extreme wind load

The vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) configuration has many advantages for an offshore wind turbine installation. The VAWT is omnidirectional and its rotating mechanical components can be placed close to sea level. In this paper, the structural analysis of a VAWT blade structure subject to a critical load case was investigated with two methods, an analytical model and a finite element (FE) model. It was shown that the utilisation of a composite blade topology can resist the induced flapwise loading and the material strains were contained within their allowable limits. The analytical approach was demonstrated to be a quick and accurate technique to compute the composite blade strain distribution when compared to the FE model results.     

风场中轨道吊结构流体动力学仿真初探

基于《起重机设计规范》中的结构风载荷计算方法及计算流体动力学理论,运用有限元软件AN-SYS/CFX,对轨道吊结构进行风载荷计算,为风场中结构的真实承载计算提供了可行的方法,所获得的风场流动矢量及结构表面压强梯度计算结果,可为新产品研发提供一定的参考依据。     

Fully coupled BEM-FEM analysis for ship hydroelasticity in waves

This paper considers the problem of ship hydroelasticity, which is an important technical issue in the design of ultra-large vessels. For the analysis of fluid-structure interaction problems, a partitioned method is applied. The fluid domain surrounding a flexible body is solved using a B-spline Rankine panel method, and the structural domain is handled with a three-dimensional finite element method. The two distinct methods are fully coupled in the time domain by using an implicit iterative scheme. The numerical results of natural frequency and the motion responses of simple and segmented barges are computed to validate the present method through comparisons with experimental and numerical results. This study extends to the application to two real ships, 6500 TEU and 10,000 TEU containerships, for more validation and also observation on the practicality of the present method. Based on this study, it is found that the present method provides reliable solutions to linear ship hydroelasticity problems.     

海上风力发电机组支撑结构动力响应特性研究

支撑结构设计是大型海上风电机组设计的重要部分。文章分析了海上风电机组的各种环境载荷,并以3MW风力机组为例计算其所受环境载荷,包括作用在支撑结构顶端的由风机叶轮转动引起的水平轴向力、作用在塔筒上的风载荷以及作用在基础上的海流、海浪载荷,并采用非线性弹簧来模拟基础与海底土层之间的相互作用。在考虑风轮影响情况下,利用有限元法对支撑结构进行了模态分析。最后,分析了环境载荷作用下支撑结构的动态响应。计算结果表明,在对海上风力发电机组进行动态响应计算时,环境载荷之间的相互耦合作用不能忽略。     

风机塔架与叶片相互作用的数值模拟(英文)

Numerical simulations of wind turbine blade-tower interaction by using the open source OpenFOAM tools coupled with arbitrary mesh interface(AMI) method were presented.The governing equations were the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) which were solved by the pimpleDyMFoam solver,and the AMI method was employed to handle mesh movements.The National Renewable Energy Laboratory(NREL) phase VI wind turbine in upwind configuration was selected for numerical tests with different incoming wind speeds(5,10,15,and 25 m/s) at a fixed blade pitch and constant rotational speed.Detailed numerical results of vortex structure,time histories of thrust,and pressure distribution on the blade and tower were presented.The findings show that the wind turbine tower has little effect on the whole aerodynamic performance of an upwind wind turbine,while the rotating rotor will induce an obvious cyclic drop in the front pressure of the tower.Also,strong interaction of blade tip vortices with separation from the tower was observed.     

Dynamic adaptive finite element analysis of acoustic wave propagation due to underwater explosion for fluid-structure interaction problems

In this paper, an investigation into the propagation of far field explosion waves in water and their effects on nearby structures are carried out. For the far field structure, the motion of the fluid surrounding the structure may be assumed small, allowing linearization of the governing fluid equations. A complete analysis of the problem must involve simultaneous solution of the dynamic response of the structure and the propagation of explosion wave in the surrounding fluid. In this study, a dynamic adaptive finite element procedure is proposed. Its application to the solution of a 2D fluid-structure interaction is investigated in the time domain. The research includes: a) calculation of the far-field scatter wave due to underwater explosion including solution of the time-depended acoustic wave equation, b) fluid-structure interaction analysis using coupled Euler-Lagrangian approach, and c) adaptive finite element procedures employing error estimates, and re-meshing. The temporal mesh adaptation is achieved by local regeneration of the grid using a time-dependent error indicator based on curvature of pressure function. As a result, the overall response is better predicted by a moving mesh than an equivalent uniform mesh. In addition, the cost of computation for large problems is reduced while the accuracy is improved.     

浮式风机气动-水动耦合特性数值模拟（英文）

The exploration for renewable and clean energies has become crucial due to environmental issues such as global warming and the energy crisis. In recent years,floating offshore wind turbines(FOWTs) have attracted a considerable amount of attention as a means to exploit steady and strong wind sources available in deep-sea areas. In this study, the coupled aero-hydrodynamic characteristics of a spar-type 5-MW wind turbine are analyzed. An unsteady actuator line model(UALM) coupled with a twophase computational fluid dynamics solver naoe-FOAM-SJTU is applied to solve three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged NavierStokes equations. Simulations with different complexities are performed. First, the wind turbine is parked. Second, the impact of the wind turbine is simplified into equivalent forces and moments. Third, fully coupled dynamic analysis with wind and wave excitation is conducted by utilizing the UALM. From the simulation, aerodynamic forces, including the unsteady aerodynamic power and thrust, can be obtained, and hydrodynamic responses such as the six-degrees-of-freedom motions of the floating platform and the mooring tensions are also available. The coupled responses of the FOWT for cases of different complexities are analyzed based on the simulation results. Findings indicate that the coupling effects between the aerodynamics of the wind turbine and the hydrodynamics of the floating platform are obvious. The aerodynamic loads have a significant effect on the dynamic responses of the floating platform, and the aerodynamic performance of the wind turbine has highly unsteady characteristics due to the motions of the floating platform. A spar-type FOWT consisting of NREL-5-MW baseline wind turbine and OC3-Hywind platform system is investigated. The aerodynamic forces can be obtained by the UALM. The 6 DoF motions and mooring tensions are predicted by the naoe-FOAM-SJTU. To research the coupling effects between the aerodynamics of the wind turbine and the hydrodynamics of the floating platform, simulations with different complexities are performed. Fully coupled aero-hydrodynamic characteristics of FOWTs, including aerodynamic loads, wake vortex, motion responses, and mooring tensions, are compared and analyzed.     

考虑流固耦合问题的水下爆炸声波传播的动态自适应有限元分析（英文）

In this paper, an investigation into the propagation of far field explosion waves in water and their effects on nearby structures are carried out. For the far field structure, the motion of the fluid surrounding the structure may be assumed small, allowing linearization of the governing fluid equations. A complete analysis of the problem must involve simultaneous solution of the dynamic response of the structure and the propagation of explosion wave in the surrounding fluid. In this study, a dynamic adaptive finite element procedure is proposed. Its application to the solution of a 2D fluid-structure interaction is investigated in the time domain. The research includes: a) calculation of the far-field scatter wave due to underwater explosion including solution of the time-depended acoustic wave equation, b) fluid-structure interaction analysis using coupled Euler-Lagrangian approach, and c) adaptive finite element procedures employing error estimates, and re-meshing. The temporal mesh adaptation is achieved by local regeneration of the grid using a time-dependent error indicator based on curvature of pressure function. As a result, the overall response is better predicted by a moving mesh than an equivalent uniform mesh. In addition, the cost of computation for large problems is reduced while the accuracy is improved.     

游艇码头定位桩内力分析

定位桩是游艇码头的一种重要锚碇形式,现行规范对游艇码头风荷载、波浪荷载等规定存在不详尽之处,为完善游艇码头定位桩的计算分析,采用ANSYS有限元软件对游艇码头在风荷载和波浪荷载作用下的受力情况进行分析,对游艇码头定位桩计算提出合理建议,建议游艇码头计算采用整体建模,风荷载的遮挡效应应考虑船型、受风高度、船舶间距等因素。     

考虑铺层的复合材料螺旋桨流固耦合计算及验证

为了验证考虑铺层的复合材料螺旋桨流固耦合算法的正确性,利用ANSYS/CFX软件,对±45°对称铺层的玻璃纤维增强材料螺旋桨建立流体模型和结构模型,实现双向流固耦合稳态求解,得到不同进速系数下的敞水性能,模型桨敞水试验结果表明,数值计算与试验吻合良好,均满足工程应用的要求,验证了采用ANSYS/CFX双向流固耦合算法计算复合材料螺旋桨的正确性。