Flow resistance characteristics of water in narrow annulus during heat exchange

Considering the special resistance characteristics of fluids flowing through ducts with small gaps, experiments are per-formed to investigate the resistance characteristics of single-phase water, which is forced to flow through vertical annuli. The gap sizes are 0.9, 1,4 and 2.4ram, respectively. The experiments are conducted under condition of 1 atm. The water in the annuli is heated by high temperature water reversely flowing through the inner tube and the outer annulus. The results show that the flow pattern begin to change from laminar to turbulent before Reynolds number approaches 2000, the flow resistance in annulus has llttie relations with the temperature difference and ways of being heated, but mainly depends on the ratio of mass flux to the width of annulus.     

Diffraction of oblique water waves by small uneven channel-bed in a two-layer fluid

Obliquely incident water wave scattering by an uneven channel-bed in the form of a small bottom undulation in a two-layer fluid is investigated within the frame work of three-dimensional linear water wave theory. The upper fluid is assumed to be bounded above by a rigid lid, while the lower one is bounded below by a bottom surface having a small deformation and the channel is unbounded in the horizontal directions. Assuming irrotational motion, perturbation technique is employed to calculate the first-order corrections to the velocity potentials in the two fluids by using Fourier transform approximately, and also to calculate the reflection and transmission coefficients in terms of integrals involving the shape function representing the bottom deformation. Consideration of a patch of sinusoidal ripples shows that the reflection coefficient is an oscillatory function of the ratio of twice the component of the wave number along x-axis and the ripple wave number. When this ratio approaches one, the theory predicts a resonant interaction between the bed and interface, and the reflection coefficient becomes a multiple of the number of ripples. High reflection of incident wave energy occurs if this number is large.     

Research on low-frequency mechanical characteristics of the MR dampers in ship isolators

A new isolator composed of a steel rope spring and a magneto-rheological(MR) damper was designed and a study on low-frequency mechanical characteristics of MR dampers in isolators was carried out.It used the characteristics of the MR damper,such as fast response,controllable damping,small energy consumption,wide dynamic scope,and great adaptation.The relationships between MR damping forces and influencing factors were analyzed based on experimental data.The results show that damping force is not only related to structural dimensions,but also closely related to controllable current and vibration frequency.Finally,the empirical formula for damping forces was corrected,and the relationship between correction coefficients and factors analyzed.     

Research on low-frequency mechanical characteristics of the MR dampers in ship isolators

A new isolator composed of a steel rope spring and a magneto-rheological （MR） damper was designed and a study on low-frequency mechanical characteristics of MR dampers in isolators was carried out. It used the characteristics of the MR damper, such as fast response, controllable damping, small energy consumption, wide dynamic scope, and great adaptation. The relationships between MR damping forces and influencing factors were analyzed based on experimental data. The results show that damping force is not only related to structural dimensions, but also closely related to controllable current and vibration frequency. Finally, the empirical formula for damping forces was corrected, and the relationship between correction coefficients and factors analyzed.     

经过海峡的双层流体由底部波动产生的斜向波散射问题研究(英文)

The problem of oblique wave(internal wave) propagation over a small deformation in a channel flow consisting of two layers was considered.The upper fluid was assumed to be bounded above by a rigid lid,which is an approximation for the free surface,and the lower one was bounded below by an impermeable bottom surface having a small deformation;the channel was unbounded in the horizontal directions.Assuming irrotational motion,the perturbation technique was employed to calculate the first-order corrections of the velocity potential in the two fluids by using Green’s integral theorem suitably with the introduction of appropriate Green’s functions.Those functions help in calculating the reflection and transmission coefficients in terms of integrals involving the shape function representing the bottom deformation.Three-dimensional linear water wave theory was utilized for formulating the relevant boundary value problem.Two special examples of bottom deformation were considered to validate the results.Consideration of a patch of sinusoidal ripples(having the same wave number) shows that the reflection coefficient is an oscillatory function of the ratio of twice the x-component of the wave number to the ripple wave number.When this ratio approaches one,the theory predicts a resonant interaction between the bed and the interface,and the reflection coefficient becomes a multiple of the number of ripples.High reflection of incident wave energy occurs if this number is large.Similar results were observed for a patch of sinusoidal ripples having different wave numbers.It was also observed that for small angles of incidence,the reflected energy is greater compared to other angles of incidence up to.These theoretical observations are supported by graphical results.     

通气空化中反向射流与双涡流型转换的数值研究（英文）

Contrary to natural cavitation, ventilated cavitation is controllable and is not harmful. It is particularly used to reduce the drag of the hydraulic vehicles. The ventilated cavitation is characterized by various gas regimes. The mechanisms of ventilated cavitation are investigated in the present work with CFD based on a 2D solver. The attention is especially focused on the transition between the reentrant jet and twin vortex regimes. The results confirm that the product of ventilated cavitation number and Froude number is lower than 1(σcFr 1) in the twin vortex regime, while it is higher than 1(σ_cFr 1) in the reentrant jet regime, as reported in the literature. Further analysis shows that ventilated cavitation is significantly influenced by the natural cavitation number.     

Hydrodynamic Characteristics of the Spar Buoy Type Floating Station Developed by the Research Institute for Applied Mechanics of Kyushu University

1. Buoys for the oceanographic researchTwo kinds of buoys are usua1ly used for the oceanographic research. Theone is the wave rider buoy which follows correctly on the wave surface andthe other one is a spar buoy of which oscillations in waves are very smallin the range of small wave periods. Concerning the former type of buoys, we     

The use of hydrogen as a fuel for inland waterway units

Escalating apprehension about the harmful effects of widespread use of conventional fossil fuels in the marine field and in internal combustion engines in general, has led to a vast amount of efforts and the directing of large capital investment towards research and development of sustainable alternative energy sources. One of the most promising and abundant of these sources is hydrogen. Firstly, the use of current fossil fuels is. discussed focusing on the emissions and economic sides to emphasize the need for a new, cleaner and renewable fuel with particular reference to hydrogen as a suitable possible alternative. Hydrogen properties, production and storage methods are then reviewed along with its suitability from the economical point of view. Finally, a cost analysis for the use of hydrogen in internal combustion engines is carried out to illustrate the benefits of its use as a replacement for diesel. The outcome of this cost analysis shows that 98% of the capital expenditure is consumed by the equipment, and 68.3% of the total cost of the equipment is spent on the solar photovoltaic cells. The hydrogen plant is classified as a large investment project because of its high initial cost which is about 1 billion US$; but this is justified because hydrogen is produced in a totally green way. When hydrogen is used as a fuel, no harmful emissions are obtained.     

可渗透海床上具有小底部变形的斜弯曲重力波的相互作用:格林函数法（英文）

The interaction of oblique incident water waves with a small bottom deformation on a porous ocean-bed is examined analytically here within the framework of linear water wave theory. The upper surface of the ocean is assumed to be covered by an infinitely extended thin uniform elastic plate, while the lower surface is bounded by a porous bottom surface having a small deformation. By employing a simplified perturbation analysis, involving a small parameter δ(1), which measures the smallness of the deformation, the governing Boundary Value Problem(BVP) is reduced to a simpler BVP for the first-order correction of the potential function. This BVP is solved using a method based on Green's integral theorem with the introduction of suitable Green's function to obtain the first-order potential, and this potential function is then utilized to calculate the first-order reflection and transmission coefficients in terms of integrals involving the shape function c(x) representing the bottom deformation. Consideration of a patch of sinusoidal ripples shows that when the quotient of twice the component of the incident field wave number propagating just below the elastic plate and the ripple wave number approaches one, the theory predicts a resonant interaction between the bed and the surface below the elastic plate. Again, for small angles of incidence, the reflected wave energy is more as compared to the other angles of incidence. It is also observed that the reflected wave energy is somewhat sensitive to the changes in the flexural rigidity of the elastic plate, the porosity of the bed and the ripple wave numbers. The main advantage of the present study is that the results for the values of reflection and transmission coefficients obtained are found to satisfy the energy-balance relation almost accurately.     

毂帽鳍对调距桨推进效率影响的数值研究(英文)

Numerical simulation is investigated to disclose how propeller boss cap fins (PBCF) operate utilizing Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method. In addition, exploration of the influencing mechanism of PBCF on the open water efficiency of one controllable-pitch propeller is analyzed through the open water characteristic curves, blade surface pressure distribution and hub streamline distribution. On this basis, the influence of parameters including airfoil profile, diameter, axial position of installation and circumferential installation angle on the open water efficiency of the controllable-pitch propeller is investigated. Numerical results show: for the controllable-pitch propeller, the thrust generated is at the optimum when the radius of boss cap fins is 1.5 times of propeller hub with an optimal installation position in the axial direction, and its optimal circumferential installation position is the midpoint of the extension line of the front and back ends of two adjacent propeller roots in the front of fin root. Under these optimal parameters, the gain of open water efficiency of the controllable-pitch propeller with different advance velocity coefficients is greater than 0.01, which accounts for approximately an increase of 1%-5% of open water efficiency.     

基于磁流变阻尼器的舰船桅杆振动半主动模糊控制

舰船桅杆在恶劣海况环境下振动非常严重,特别是顶部雷达处有较大的转角振动,严重影响雷达追踪的分辨率.文章基于磁流变阻尼器(MR Damper),采用双输入单输出模糊控制算法实现桅杆振动半主动控制.针对磁流变阻尼器滞回模型具有高度非线性的特性,借助神经网络技术,建立其逆向动特性数学模型,从而达到实现半主动控制的目的.基于ANSYS平台采用APDL命令流仿真实现了桅杆结构振动的模糊半主动控制,仿真结果表明模糊控制能有效地减少桅杆顶部雷达的转角振动.     

基于MR阻尼器的船用隔离器系统试验研究

随着船舶技术的发展，现代船舶对船用隔离器系统提出了越来越高的要求，即船用隔离器系统应同时具备低频减振和高频抗冲击的能力，这是传统的船用减振器系统所无法做到的．为了解决此问题，本文提出了一种新的船用隔离器系统，该系统由钢丝绳弹簧和磁流变阻尼器相并联组成．文中对该船用隔离器系统的减振和抗冲击性能进行了模型试验研究。减振试验的激振力频率为1-15Hz，力幅为2．94．11．76kN；冲击试验的最大冲击输入加速度为20g，脉宽为10ms，减振试验和冲击试验均采用MTS液压加载系统来进行．试验结果表明，该船用隔离器系统具有较好的减振效果，使用了MR阻尼器后系统得共振峰值被明显的削弱；在冲击试验中，冲击响应的衰减速度随着MR阻尼器的阻尼增加而明显加快，但是MR阻尼器再冲击瞬间的出力特性明显与低频振动情况下不同，MR阻尼器的出力表现为受控制电流强度影响不大．     

海洋平台低频线谱振动控制方法研究

针对已建海洋平台结构低频（30Hz以下）线谱振动控制难题,基于吸振原理,开展了低频线谱振动控制方法研究。讨论了动力吸振器与振动系统主结构最优质量比、阻尼比、频率比的取值范围,以及动力吸振器最优布置数量、布置位置等。以典型海洋平台板架结构为例,建立有限元模型,验证了动力吸振系统化方法的有效性,在此基础上,针对某海洋平台振动超标问题,开展了动力吸振系统化方法的工程应用研究,旨在为海洋平台低频线谱振动控制提供方法依据。     

潜艇管路系统振动噪声控制技术的现状与发展

当螺旋桨噪声、水动力噪声和设备机座机械噪声被有效抑制后,管路系统便成了"安静型"潜艇的主要噪声源,有效控制管路系统振动噪声是潜艇实现安静化的重要环节。主要介绍了振动噪声被动控制和主动控制在潜艇管路系统中的研究进展,针对振动噪声被动控制措施在低频场控制中存在的不足,以及主动控制技术的快速发展,探讨了未来潜艇管路系统振动噪声控制的发展趋势,提出了一些建议,以期为提高我国潜艇隐身性能提供一定的借鉴作用。     

磁流变阻尼器动态特性研究

为更好地研究磁流变阻尼器应用于舰船设备抗冲击的控制方法,需要准确、全面了解其动态力学特性。对磁流变阻尼器的动态特性进行试验研究,详细讨论速度、振幅、频率、电流等各个因素对阻尼力的影响。结果表明,在低速区域阻尼器的阻尼力以不可控的粘滞阻尼力为主,阻尼力随速度的变化明显;在高速区域,阻尼力以磁流变液屈服引起的库仑阻尼力为主,阻尼力随速度的变化不大,而主要决定于控制电流,但是随着电流的增大,出现饱和现象;振幅和频率主要影响磁流变阻尼力的粘滞阻尼力,随频率和振幅的增加,速度的变化范围也明显增大,但是在相同的速度下,频率和振幅对阻尼力的影响不明显。为进一步获得磁流变阻尼器动态特性参数及研究舰船设备抗冲击半主动控制方法提供了重要依据。     

圆柱壳结构振动功率流和主动力幅值的控制研究

以输入结构的总功率流和所需主动力幅值为控制目标函数,对输入圆柱壳结构振动功率流的主动控制进行了研究,并分析了几个重要参数对壳体结构振动功率流控制效果的影响.利用导纳函数求解结构响应,构造目标函数为二次型函数形式,利用哈密尔顿二次型最小值理论给出最优控制力前馈控制表达式.     

基于人机系统的船舶振动分析及其控制

从人机工程学的角度研究了以人-机-环境系统为整体目标，使振动控制在最适合人对机械设备的操作和对作业环境的适应，获得系统的最佳工作效能。阐述了船舶振动对人、机、环境的影响，讨论了人体振动模型及其振动反应。通过振动成因分析和实船测试，提出了控制船舶振动的若干措施。研究表明了船舶人机系统的振动分析与控制方法是有效的。     

Adaptive vibration isolation system for diesel engine

An active two-stage isolation mounting, on which servo-hydraulic system is used as the actuator (secondary vibration source) and a diesel engine is used as primary vibration source, has been built. The upper mass of the mounting is composed of a 495 diesel and an electrical eddy current dynamometer. The lower mass is divided into four small masses to which servo-hydraulic actuator and rubber isolators are attached. According to the periodical characteristics of diesel vibration signals, a multi-point adaptive strategy based on adaptive comb filtered algorithm is applied to active multi-direction coupled vibrations control for the engine. The experimental results demonstrate that a good suppression in the effective range of phase compensation in secondary path (within 100Hz) at different operation conditions is achieved, and verify that this strategy is effective. The features of the active system, the development activities carried out on the system and experimental results are discussed in the paper.     

双体穿浪船船体振动特性分析

针对非常规船型的双体穿浪船,应用整船有限元模型进行了船体总振动和局部振动的计算分析,得到了有别于常规船型的复杂的双体船振动特性,并据此提出了一些双体船的减振对策。