结构动态稳定性数值模拟研究

采用有限元方法计算了加筋板在流固冲击下的动态稳定性,研究的目的是对舱壁结构受水下爆炸冲击时的动态稳定性提供参考和依据.详细分析了影响加筋结构动态屈曲的各种因素:加筋与筋的厚度、初始几何缺陷的形式与大小、冲击载荷的脉宽和幅值、边界条件、筋的分布以及板的厚度.在分析研究的基础上提出了改善加筋板抗失稳的方法,以利于工程设计中具体应用.     

加筋板壳结构冲击屈曲研究

本文对近年来加筋板壳结构的冲击屈曲研究进行了回顾，对不同冲击载荷作用下加筋板和加筋圆柱壳的冲击屈曲现象分别做了阐述；讨论了冲击载荷、几何尺寸、初始缺陷以及加筋形式等因素对冲击屈曲的影响；最后指出了需进一步深入研究的问题。     

船舶板格与板架的弹塑性屈曲

本文把平板与板、杆组合结构以正交异性矩形平板单元离散。应用能量原理建立了非线性时平板结构的分岐屈曲特征值方程。 在对平板结构作弹塑性屈曲解析时引入了“层板子单元”模型,使平板弯曲的弹塑性解析简化为二维的平面应力状态的层板子单元弹塑性计算。 在求解弹塑性屈曲的特征方程时,本文把求取最小广义特征值的逆迭代法与弹塑性非线性方程解的载荷增量切线模量法结合起来,得到夕Pi(载荷系)-λi,min(最小特征值)的相关曲线λ(P)。当λ(P)=1时的载荷系P_(cr),即为平板结构的屈曲临界载荷系。 本文最后给出了计算实例,并与相应的经典解和试验结果作了比较,证明有良好精度和适用性。     

基于简化Zig-zag模型的钢聚氨酯夹层板屈曲分析

本文提出一种简化的高阶Zig-zag理论,即面板采用一阶剪切变形理论,芯材采用Reddy高阶剪切变形理论,建立钢聚氨酯夹层板在面内压缩载荷作用下的屈曲分析模型。考虑夹层板作为船舶舱口盖的受力特性,利用Matlab和有限元软件Ansys分别求出在面内压缩载荷作用下的钢聚氨酯夹层板的屈曲临界载荷,理论解与仿真值吻合度较高并分析几何参数对结构稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,在考虑结构重量的前提下,增加芯材即聚氨酯的厚度能较好的提高结构的稳性。     

面内流固冲击载荷下加筋板的动力响应

船舶在恶劣的海况下航行时，船舶结构遭到剧烈的波浪砰击作用，这种冲击载荷可能使船体结构发生屈曲而造成舰船结构总体承载能力的丧失，导致灾难性的后果。加筋板结构作为船舶结构的基本结构之一，研究其动力特性显得尤为重要。基于离散加筋板模型，对具有弹性约束边界的初缺陷矩形加筋板在面内流固冲击载荷下的动力响应问题进行了理论研究。取样条函数作为挠度试函数，运用加权残值法求得初缺陷加筋板动力响应的控制方程，采用四阶Runge—Kutta法求解该方程，并用Fortran语言编制了相应的计算程序。构造的B样条函数能适应板侧边上的任意弹性转动约束，讨论了初始几何缺陷、冲击载荷持续时间、加强筋及弹性约束的影响。结果表明，它们是影响加筋板动力特性的重要因素。适当增加弹性约束，减小初始几何缺陷及冲击载荷持续时间有利于提高加筋板的承载能力。     

余弦载荷作用下圆锥壳的动力屈曲研究

本文采用数值方法对圆锥壳在余弦载荷作用下的动力屈曲问题进行了探讨.利用非线性几何方程建立了锥壳的基本动力屈曲方程.采用级数展开和伽辽金法等方法对方程进行了简化,使之成为常微分方程.方程的求解则采用龙格库塔法,最后给出临界冲击载荷值.     

循环载荷下船体圆孔板塑性累积与致断特性北大核心CSCD

[目的]为了解初始挠度形状对循环载荷下船体圆孔板塑性累积特性的影响,采用有限元软件ABAQUS对不同柔度系数和开孔尺寸的圆孔板,开展轴向循环载荷下的非线性弹塑性大挠度数值模拟。[方法]重点研究以第一阶屈曲模态和常用初始挠度公式构造初始挠度形状时,轴向循环载荷下圆孔板的塑性累积及其致断特性。[结果]研究表明,以常用初始挠度公式作为初始挠度形状的圆孔板,在相同循环载荷幅值下的塑性累积较第一阶屈曲模态缓和。同时,循环载荷幅值较小时,以第一阶屈曲模态作为初始挠度形状的圆孔板在相同载荷下的致断循环次数少于以常用初始挠度公式构造初始挠度形状的情况,但差异随载荷幅值的增大而减小。[结论]不同的初始挠度形状对圆孔板塑性累积与断裂起始的影响取决于柔度系数、开孔尺寸以及循环载荷幅值。     

边界尺寸对爆炸冲击载荷作用下薄板响应影响仿真研究

舰船舱室在遭遇反舰武器攻击时会受到高强度冲击波载荷对舷侧板的毁伤作用。对不同边界尺寸下的薄板在爆炸冲击载荷作用下的挠度变化的时间历程响应进行理论分析和数值模拟。根据板的弹塑性变形理论,通过能量法建立修正后的薄板在爆炸冲击载荷作用过程中的动态响应方程,并通过数值模拟建模仿真计算与理论计算值及试验值对比,验证在不同边界尺寸下该理论计算方法有较好的可靠性及精确度。     

水下爆炸载荷作用下空背板动态响应研究

为研究板架结构在水下爆炸载荷作用下的承载能力,采用数值方法计算空背固支方板在水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下的动态响应,研究爆炸冲击因子对板的最终变形的影响,分析空背板材料应变率以及空气场压力变化对板的动态响应行为的影响,数值结果与试验结果基本一致,冲击因子越大,板中心的最终变形越大.结果表明,分析时必须考虑材料应变率的影响,但可不考虑空气场压力变化对板变形的影响.     

组合压载下金属折叠式夹层板的后屈曲极限强度分析

金属夹层板以优异的力学性能已应用于实船。本文根据与加筋板重量相当原则,设计一种金属折叠式夹层板结构,考虑其应用于舰船甲板的受力特性,采用非线性有限元方法,研究夹层板结构在不同组合载荷作用下的非线性后屈曲极限强度。首先通过与经验公式及相关结果对比验证了本文数值仿真方法和技术的可行性和准确性;然后建立双向面内受压和垂向载荷作用下的金属折叠式夹层板结构数值模型,基于屈曲特征值确定屈曲极限强度分析的初始缺陷;考虑结构初始缺陷,计算得到夹层板结构的后屈曲极限强度;对金属折叠式夹层板在不同组合载荷作用下的横向、纵向后屈曲极限承载能力进行计算分析;并与传统加筋结构对比,结果显示本文设计的金属折叠式夹层板结构具有更优异的稳定性和极限承载力,结果对金属夹层板的应用与强度设计提供参考。     

冲击载荷下加筋板非线性瞬态分析

本文用半解析的方法分析了横向冲击载荷下加筋板的非线性瞬态响应。考虑膜力的存在，忽略筋截面上的剪切应力，引入板的应力函数，采用离散加筋板模型，运用能量原理建立加筋板的动响应控制方程。假设挠度为双级数形式，运用迦辽金法，将加筋板的动响应方程转化为一个多自由度的动力系统，采用数值方法来求解。本文最后给出了几个模型的计算结果。     

复合材料船体纵向极限承载能力分析

该文利用梁柱理论推导出复合材料梁柱的极限承载能力公式，讨论了加筋板的初始几何缺陷，载荷偏心，蒙皮屈曲后的有效蒙皮宽度对复合材料长帽形加筋板的极限承载能力的影响。利用复合材料梁柱理论计算船体甲板或船底板结构视加筋板单元构件的极限承载能力，最后由Smith法来计算复合材料船体的极限承载能力。     

典型舱内爆炸载荷对加筋板的毁伤特性

[目的]为研究典型舱内爆炸载荷对加筋板的毁伤特性,将舱内爆炸载荷分为初始爆炸冲击波载荷和准静态气压载荷,利用有限元分析软件LS-DYNA开展爆炸载荷下固支单向加筋板毁伤特性的数值模拟。[方法]主要模拟载荷冲量相等和载荷峰值相等时固支单向加筋板的变形特性,以及加筋板分别在初始爆炸冲击波载荷、准静态气压载荷及2种载荷联合作用下的毁伤特性,并分析上述载荷作用下加筋板的变形特点。[结果]结果表明:当作用在加筋板上的冲量相等、载荷作用时间小于0.05倍垂向一阶自振周期时,加筋板的最终挠度值处于最大值附近;当载荷峰值相同时,存在饱和冲量值,达到饱和冲量值以后,载荷作用时间不再影响加筋板的最终变形。[结论]在舱内爆炸载荷作用下,加筋板的最终变形不是2种载荷作用下的简单叠加,2种载荷的联合作用会增强毁伤效果。     

基于裂纹最大张口位移的加筋板弹塑性断裂分析

为了快速方便地求取船舶加筋板塑性性能的两个重要参数—裂纹尖端塑性区半径（Ry）和裂纹尖端张开位移（CTOD）,文章提出了一种基于裂纹最大张口位移（MCOD）来确定加筋板的裂纹尖端塑性区半径和裂纹尖端张开位移的简便方法。该法基于理想弹塑性材料,以提出的裂纹最大张口位移与裂纹尖端塑性区半径及裂纹尖端张开位移的拟合函数关系为基础,考虑了模型尺寸效应、材料特性参数及外载荷的影响。文中还对不同裂纹长度、不同屈服极限条件、不同板/筋刚度比时方法的适用性进行了分析,研究表明：该方法能够消除裂纹长度、屈服极限和外载荷等因素的影响,适用于有限宽船舶加筋板的弹塑性分析。     

Dynamic plastic response of clamped stiffened plates with large deflection

Study on the dynamic response, and especially the nonlinear dynamic response of stiffened plates is complicated by their discontinuity and inhomogeneity. The finite element method （FEM） and the finite strip method are usually adopted in their analysis. Although many useful conclusions have been obtained, the computational cost is enormous. Based on some assumptions, the dynamic plastic response of clamped stiffened plates with large deflections was theoretically investigated herein by a singly symmetric beam model. Firstly, the deflection conditions that a plastic string must satisfy were obtained by the linearized moment-axial force interaction curve for singly symmetric cross sections and the associated plastic flow rule. Secondly, the possible motion mechanisms of the beam under different load intensity were analysed in detail. For structures with plastic deformations, a simplified method was then given that the arbitrary impact load can be replaced equivalently by a rectangular pulse. Finally, to confirm the validity of the proposed method, the dynamic plastic response of a one-way stiffened plate with four fully clamped edges was calculated. The theoretical results were in good agreement with those of FEM. It indicates that the present calculation model is easy and feasible, and the equivalent substitution of load almost has no influence on the final deflection.     

Experimental and analytical investigations on the response of stiffened plates subjected to lateral collisions

Rational structural design of ships or offshore platforms against collisions requires prediction of the extent of damage to stiffened plates generated by lateral impact. In predicting the extent of collision damage, most researchers employ numerical analysis methods using commercial software packages. Like other structural problems, any nonlinear dynamic analysis methods should be substantiated with relevant test data prior to being employed for design. Unfortunately, full-scale collision tests on marine structures are very rare. Still, results from collision tests on marine structural elements can help to substantiate theoretical methods for collision analyses. Lateral collision test data for unstiffened plates are available, but it is difficult to find results from tests on stiffened plates in the open literature. In this paper, the results of lateral collision tests on 33 stiffened plates are reported. A simplified analytical method is developed for the prediction of the extent of damage to stiffened plates due to lateral collisions and this method is substantiated with the test results. Also proposed is a simple criterion with which the occurrence of crack damage can be judged.     

A computational investigation of the effects of both-sides general corrosion on the buckling/plastic collapse behaviour and strength of stiffened plates

This paper presents the results of an investigation into the post-buckling behaviour and ultimate strength of imperfect corroded stiffened steel plates used in ships and other marine-related structures. A series of elastic–plastic large deflection finite element analyses is performed on stiffened steel plates suffering general corrosion wastage with random distribution. General corrosion is introduced into the finite element models using a random thickness surface model. The effects of corroded stiffened plate parameters on the post-buckling and ultimate strengths are evaluated in detail. The stiffeners of different symmetrical or unsymmetrical cross-sections are introduced into the models for analysis. Some distinctions are explored and highlighted between the behaviours of steel plates suffering general corrosion in unstiffened and stiffened cases. Finally, a proposal is given in order to simulate the average stress–average strain relationship of stiffened steel plates having both-surface general corrosion wastage.     

Nonlinear dynamic response of blast-loaded stiffened plates considering the strain rate sensitivity

The aim of the present paper is to develop a simple theoretical method which can quickly calculate the nonlinear dynamic response of stiffened plates under a blast loading. The large deformation behavior of the stiffened plate is analyzed by using a singly symmetric beam model as representative of the stiffened plate. The material is assumed to be rigid-perfectly plastic, and the strain rate sensitivity is considered by using the Cowper–Symonds constitutive model (CS model). By Lee's extremum principle, the instantaneous modes of nonlinear structural response are determined. A series of calculations are performed to investigate the influence of pulse intensity, pulse duration, plate thickness, stiffener spacing and material property on the displacement response. The obtained results are in good agreement with those of numerical simulations performed by software package ABAQUS, and then a definition for the cases when the simplified method proposed here can be used is provided.     

加筋板整体屈曲临界应力计算与分析

利用解析法对加筋板稳定性进行了研究,忽略材料非线性的影响,利用理论方法求解四边简支加筋板的整体屈曲临界应力。对有一根加强筋的加筋板,定义板的挠曲函数,将其代入边界方程和协调方程,求解线性方程组的特征方程得到加筋板的临界应力。对有2根或多根加强筋的规则加筋板,利用能量法导出统一计算的公式得到临界应力。最后,利用有限元软件Abaqus和Nastran进行数值仿真,与理论解比较后得出本文计算方法是正确的,可以准确求解加筋板的稳定性问题。