均流中PPTC螺旋桨梢涡空泡数值预报

文章采用Sauer空化模型,研究了网格类型和湍流模型对均流中螺旋桨梢涡空泡数值模拟的影响,研究表明,现有的空泡模型适合于螺旋桨梢涡空泡的数值模拟,其中梢涡空泡区域网格密度是关键,文中提出了一种合适的梢涡空泡区域网格加密方法.对PPTC螺旋桨全湿流和梢涡空泡进行了数值预报,螺旋桨梢涡空泡形态与试验结果进行了对比,并应用涡判据"Q准则"和"λ2准则"分析了梢涡与梢涡空泡的流动特征.全湿流中梢涡区域的涡量随周向的分布呈现单峰特性,最小涡量在涡心处,而空泡流中梢涡空泡区域的涡量随周向的分布呈现双峰特性,最小涡量不在涡心处.     

均流中PPTC螺旋桨梢涡空泡数值预报（英文）

文章采用Sauer空化模型,研究了网格类型和湍流模型对均流中螺旋桨梢涡空泡数值模拟的影响,研究表明,现有的空泡模型适合于螺旋桨梢涡空泡的数值模拟,其中梢涡空泡区域网格密度是关键,文中提出了一种合适的梢涡空泡区域网格加密方法。对PPTC螺旋桨全湿流和梢涡空泡进行了数值预报,螺旋桨梢涡空泡形态与试验结果进行了对比,并应用涡判据"Q准则"和"λ2准则"分析了梢涡与梢涡空泡的流动特征。全湿流中梢涡区域的涡量随周向的分布呈现单峰特性,最小涡量在涡心处,而空泡流中梢涡空泡区域的涡量随周向的分布呈现双峰特性,最小涡量不在涡心处。     

平板湍流边界层流向—法向平面发卡涡的PIV实验研究

湍流边界层流动精细涡结构的分析对于水下航行体表面减阻乃至降噪机理的深入研究都具有重要意义.文章应用粒子图像测速技术(PIV),对Reθ=1 743和5 400时的平板湍流边界层的流向—法向平面流场进行了测试研究.一方面,直接对瞬时速度场精细涡结构进行提取分析,通过Galilean分解和λci准则识别出流向—法向平面中的发卡涡及发卡涡包.研究表明,发卡涡和雷诺应力的分布特征具有高度相关性;发卡涡包产生了流向动量的法向不规则分层分布特征.另一方面,文中通过对500个瞬时速度场子样进行时间平均分析,获得了不同雷诺数下平均速度以及湍流度分量的法向分布规律.此外,文中还对发卡涡的几何尺寸和漩涡强度λci进行了统计分析.研究表明,在y+＜50范围内无量纲化的漩涡强度λciδ/uт沿法向迅速衰减,且在不同雷诺数下变化曲线基本一致;在y+ ＞50后λciδ/uт衰减平缓,且低雷诺数下的值较大.     

三维有限长圆柱绕流数值模拟

[目的]为探究有限长圆柱绕流的流动机理和特性,[方法]采用大涡模拟(LES)数值模型并结合涡识别方法,对三维有限长圆柱绕流进行数值模拟,并对有限长圆柱绕流进行验证和分析。[结果]模拟结果表明,有限长圆柱回流区相对较短,自由端的下洗作用会扰乱卡门涡街,导致阻力系数损失;相对于固定壁面,自由端面对顺流向速度影响更大;自由端面"蘑菇"涡成对出现,且存在2个流动源点;有限长圆柱流场存在更明显的三维特性,阻力系数更小;圆柱自由端后存在梢涡,圆柱与固定壁面交界处存在"马蹄"涡。[结论]所得结果可对有限长圆柱的流动特性进行相对全面的描述,对于理解和研究有限长圆柱绕流机理具有一定的参考价值。     

艇桨耦合状态螺旋桨水动力与噪声数值预报方法研究

本文给出了基于大涡模拟(LES)与Powell涡声理论的艇桨耦合状态螺旋桨水动力与噪声数值预报方法.首先描述了LES方法与Powell涡声理论及其声学远场解;然后利用LES结合滑移网格计算了AU5-65螺旋桨敞水工况的水动力,得到了推力系数、扭矩系数与敞水效率,给出了螺旋桨梢涡、叶根涡、毂涡的流动结构空间分布,又计算了SUBOFF潜艇带AU5-65螺旋桨自航工况水动力,获得了实效伴流分数、推力减额与相对旋转效率等自航因子,分析了螺旋桨在艇后旋转时的涡旋结构,并将敞水与自航水动力计算结果与试验结果进行了对比分析,验证了流动计算方法的可靠性;最后,在对流动声源数值计算的基础上,对敞水与自航工况下的螺旋桨噪声进行了数值预报,并与试验结果进行了对比分析,分析了声压谱谱型与幅值,辨识了艇桨耦合流动对于螺旋桨噪声的影响,验证了数值预报方法的适用性与可靠性.     

绕水翼非定常空化流动的涡动力学分析

文章采用数值方法对绕水翼的非定常空化流动进行了流动计算,并采用涡动力学方法对非定常空化流场特性进行了分析。计算中,采用基于当地涡旋修正的湍流模型封闭控制方程,通过实验对该计算结果进行验证;采用涡量法分析了空化的发生和发展对涡量输运过程的影响。结果表明:基于当地涡旋修正的湍流模型可以准确地模拟水翼周围非定常空化流场结构;水翼空化流场具有强烈的非定常特性,空化的发展和流场中的涡结构有着紧密的联系;反向射流的作用会导致附着空穴尾缘附近速度梯度的非定常变化,是导致涡量产生和消失的重要因素;空化区域内部水气两相的质量交换会导致流场内体积变化率的变化,使得空化区域内部流体的非正压性显著增强,上述两者导致空化区域内部的涡量分布呈现强烈的非定常特性;空化现象引起的水气两相之间的相互转换以及对湍流的作用都是影响涡结构空间分布的重要因素。     

系统识别法在双自由度涡激振动试验研究中应用(英文)

采用系统识别的方法对双自由度圆柱体的涡激振动特性进行了分析研究.试验是在美国麻省理工大学开展,在得到的圆柱体涡激振动轨迹中,由于受到试验条件的影响,如自由液面和水池池底,得到的轨迹并非对称的"8字形".因此首先对原始试验结果进行了分解,得到其傅里叶级数展开形式,然后采用了系统识别的方法对其进行分解,分别得到对称和非对称的试验结果,并认为对称的结果为理想或深海条件下圆柱体的涡激振动轨迹,而在自由液面和水池池底等其他因数的干扰下,产生了非对称的试验结果.     

高雷诺数圆湍潜射流的数值模拟研究

运用计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics, CFD)方法,基于不可压缩的Navier-Stokes方程,对真实尺度下的高雷诺数圆管湍流潜射流与自由表面的相互作用进行了数值研究.在圆管湍流射流过程中运用Realizable k-ε的雷诺时均(Reynolds average navier-stokes, RANS)模型,射流停止后,采用大涡模拟(large eddy simulation, LES)方法模拟大尺度涡在背景流体中的演化.研究表明:随着时间的推移,湍射流涡结构从球形冠状结构向具有准二维的流动特征转变,涡的前端出现明显的塌陷现象,并逐渐达到某种相对稳定的状态;从流场中纵剖面上来看,射流流体逐渐上升并向自由表面聚集,并有流体在自由表面处反射,形成斜向下的流动,同时中纵剖面上形成许多局部微小的涡结构;从自由表面上来看,流场从初始的具有速度辐射与速度汇聚中心而不形成涡的阶段向表面流体主要向前流动并出现涡演化的阶段转变.     

焊接冷裂纹的计算机辅助评定

本文对低合金结构钢焊接冷裂纹的若干判据,利用计算机进行了分析研究,并与一些实例进行比较。结果表明各种冷裂纹判据评定结果是不尽相同的。作者认为在目前尚无完善而成熟的冷裂纹判据情况下,根据实际的焊接材料和条件,通过计算机进行综合性的辅助评定,将是有效的方法。本文提出了在Ito判据基础上并参照其他判据的冷裂纹综合评定方法,并可由此选择最佳的防止冷裂纹的措施,如预热温度等。     

溃坝流动的有限元数值模拟

利用有限元(FEM)、大涡模拟(LES)和流体体积法(VOF)对溃坝流动进行了数值计算,并与实验结果进行了对比.结果表明,该方法能够准确模拟出溃坝过程的水流运动情况.由于该数值模型是基于有限元方法,因此对复杂边界具有较强的适应能力;文中对自由表面的模拟采用CLEAR-VOF进行捕捉和重构,使得非结构化网格可以应用到自由表面问题的数值模拟中;同时大涡模拟也被集成到该模型中,这为处理复杂湍流流动问题提供了更为可靠的保证.本文的工作为进一步研究复杂边界条件下带有自由表面的湍流流动问题奠定了基础.     

交流电对磁通动力学的影响

为了进一步研究磁通受交流驱动的性质,对在二维周期性钉扎系统中的磁通格子在交、直流电驱动下的动力学性质和伏安特性作了数值模拟。结果表明,在直流伏安特性曲线上出现了相锁定台阶。结构因子的数值证明沿着该台阶的磁通格子存在运动序。相锁定与交流频率和交流振幅有关,与磁通间的互作用、与磁通密度和钉扎密度等都有关。     

Investigation on the vortex structure of propeller wake influenced by loading on the blade

The vortex structure of the wake behind a marine propeller was investigated in terms of loading variation by using particle image velocimetry. One hundred and fifty instantaneous velocity fields were ensemble averaged to study the spatial evolution of the wake and the behavior of the tip vortices in the region ranging from the trailing edge to one propeller diameter downstream. The trailing vorticity was found to be related to the radial velocity jump, and the viscous wake was affected by the boundary layers developed on the blade surfaces. A vortex identification method using the swirling strength was employed to extract the location of the tip vortex. The loading on the blade made a clear difference to the contraction angles. Slipstream contraction occurred in the very near wake region, and unstable oscillation occurred because of reduced interaction between the tip vortex and the wake sheet behind the maximum contraction point for each loading condition. The maximum tangential velocity around the tip vortex center revealed the average radius of its core, which was used for calculating the vortex strength. Additionally, variation of the average radius of tip vortices with the change of blade loading was related to vortex tube stretching in the wake region. The nearly constant vortex strength continued up to one diameter downstream for light loading and design loading conditions.     

Comparative measurements on the flow structure of a marine propeller wake between an open free surface and closed surface flows

In order to investigate the effects of a free surface on the wake behind a rotating propeller, experiments were carried out in a circulating water channel for two cases: one with an open free surface and one with a closed free surface covered by a rigid plate. Four hundred instantaneous velocity fields were measured using a two-frame particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique at four different blade phases. These were ensemble-averaged to investigate the time-averaged flow structure in the near-wake region. For a surface ship, the flow behind the propeller is influenced by the hull wake and the free surface. The phase-averaged mean velocity fields show the potential wake and the viscous wake formed by the boundary layers developed on the blade surfaces. The interaction between the bilge vortices and the incoming flow along the ship’s hull deforms the wake structure. Tip vortices are generated periodically, and the slipstream contraction occurs in the near-wake region. The free surface was found to affect the axial velocity component and vortex structure behind the propeller. As the flow goes downstream, the tip and trailing vortices dissipate due to turbulent diffusion and active mixing with adjacent vortices.     

振动半圆柱尾流中的二维摆动水翼推进性能研究

文章研究了粘性流场中半圆柱振动产生的旋涡对二维摆动水翼推进性能的影响。利用数值方法计算了振动半圆柱尾流中二维摆动水翼的水动力性能。计算结果表明,半圆柱涡和水翼涡之间存在4种相互作用模式。相反旋向的半圆柱涡和水翼涡相互作用时,摆动水翼的平均推力系数最大。相同旋向的半圆柱涡和水翼首缘涡相互作用并且最终融入到水翼尾缘涡时,摆动水翼能够从半圆柱涡中吸收能量。     

Maintenance of quick fluid rotation in the cores of long-lived oceanic eddies

Observations show a lot of coherent vortices in the World ocean with quick fluid rotation in their cores during long life time. To explain this feature, isopycnal balanced models of a circular vortex evolution with different variants of turbulent closure for isopycnal mixing considered. A linear dependence of the mixing coefficient on the local shear allows to describe damping of mixing in nearly solid body rotating core of the vortex and a gradual erosion of the core. Taking into account the radial motion leads even to increase of angular speed in time near the vortex center. There is a limit of angular speed for anticyclones defined by half of the Coriolis parameter. During the vortex evolution its size decreases in time unlike for usually used parameterization of mixing with the constant coefficient. These conclusions are supported by observational data. Maintenance of quick fluid rotation in the cores of long-lived vortices allow them to survive in their interactions with other flows and Rossby waves.     

水翼叶顶间隙漩涡空化流动特性研究

采用试验的方法研究了不同空化数下水翼叶顶间隙区域漩涡空化流动的发展变化。试验在闭式空化水洞中进行,采用高速全流场显示技术对空化流场进行观测,并采用图像处理技术对试验结果进行处理,提出空化涡模型,阐述了涡空化的发展规律。研究结果表明:随着空化数的降低,叶顶间隙漩涡空化的发展主要经历如下三个阶段:(I)泄露涡内部空化初生阶段:在水翼中部附近产生游离状空化,向下游运动并迅速溃灭消失。(II)叶顶间隙内部附着空化发展阶段:涡空化逐渐发展并向水翼尾缘延伸,空化涡带呈螺旋状非轴对称旋转;叶顶位置压力面中部附近开始出现片状附着型空化,并体现出强烈的非定常特性。(III)射流剪切层内部空化形成阶段:涡空化延伸至水翼下游;叶顶附着空化充分发展,充满间隙并形成射流剪切层空化,和空化涡带共同形成三角状空化结构。     

螺旋桨梢涡流场的DES模拟

文章应用分离涡模型（DES）对螺旋桨尾流中梢涡流场分布进行了数值研究。为准确模拟螺旋桨梢涡流场的信息,应用全六面体网格对螺旋桨计算域进行网格划分,通过迭代计算确定螺旋桨梢涡涡核的位置。为避免数值离散误差,对梢涡区域进行了网格加密处理。为了研究螺旋桨梢涡空间形态,文中采用涡核识别的“Q准则”,对螺旋桨梢涡等值面进行定义。计算结果表明,该文建立的尾流中梢涡流场分布数值模拟方法能够准确预报出螺旋桨梢涡流场的分布及涡核形状,与实验测量结果相符。     

旋涡影响下的振动翼水动力性能

Fish are able to make good use of vortices. In a complex flow field, many fish continue to maintain both efficient cruising and maneuverability. Traditional man-made propulsion systems perform poorly in complex flow fields. With fish-like propulsion systems, it is important to pay more attention to complex flow fields. In this paper, the influence of vortices on the hydrodynamic performance of 2-D flapping-foils was investigated. The flapping-foil heaved and pitched under the influence of inflow vortices generated by an oscillating D-section cylinder. A numerical simulation was run based the finite volume method, using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FLUENT with Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations applied. In addition, dynamic mesh technology and post processing systems were also fully used. The calculations showed four modes of interaction. The hydrodynamic performance of flapping-foils was analyzed and the results compared with experimental data. This validated the numerical simulation, confirming that flapping-foils can increase efficiency by absorbing energy from inflow vortices.     

Influence of turbulence closure models on the vortical flow field around a submarine body undergoing steady drift

Manoeuvring underwater vehicles experience complex three-dimensional flow. Features include stagnation and boundary layer separation along a convex surface. The resulting free vortex sheet rolls up to form a pair of streamwise body vortices. The track and strength of the body vortex pair results in a nonlinear increase in lift as body incidence increases. Consequently, accurate capture of the body vortex pair is essential if the flow field around a manoeuvring submarine and the resulting hydrodynamic loading is to be correctly found. This work highlights the importance of both grid convergence and turbulence closure models (TCMs) to the strength and path of the crossflow-induced body vortices experienced by the DOR submarine model at an incidence angle of 15°. Five TCMs are considered; Spalart–Allmaras, k-ε, k-ω, shear stress transport, and the SSG Reynolds stress model. The SSG Reynolds stress model shows potential improvements in predicting both the path and strength of the body vortex over standard one- and two-equation TCMs based on an eddy viscosity approach.