舰船水下低频电场及其防护

舰船电场和低频电场已经被用作水中制导武器引信的信号源，舰船电场分为静电场和交变电场，静电场由不同的金属在海水中构成的腐蚀原电池或进行船体水下部分防腐蚀所采取的防腐措施等原因造成，由螺旋桨轴的转动引起的调制作用产生了交变低频电场，现主要讨论采用主动轴接地和有源电场补偿方式对交变低频电场信号的控制。     

舰船水下极低频电磁信号的控制

舰船水下极低频（ＥＬＥ）电磁特征信号很容易被探测。船体采用不同的金属结构,或使用有源阴极保护系统都会通过海水产生电流。由螺旋桨轴转动而引起的轴承座阻抗的变化,对这类电流进行调制,产生了极低频电磁场的传播。质量较差的阴极保护（ＡＣＰ）电源滤波器也会引起这种极低频电流的波动。讨论了采用轴主动接地（ＡＳＧ）技术和抗干扰阴极保护滤波器控制极低频特征信号。     

基于有限元分析的舰船轴电流仿真研究

船体由于腐蚀会产生腐蚀电流,腐蚀回路中的轴电流反映了舰船电场的大小。明确了轴电流的等效电路,建立舰船有限元模型,利用ANSYS软件求解分析了轴电流的大小,分析了轴电流等效电路的各主要参数。轴电流等效电路可用于舰船电场预测和阴极保护设计等。     

深海中极低频时谐环形电流源电场的解析解

将海水看作线形、均匀、各向同性的半无限大导体空间,利用汉克尔变换及开尔文函数近似展开式求得极低频时谐点电极产生的电场强度解析式,然后利用矢量叠加方法可以推导出极低频时谐环形电流源产生的电场强度解析式,进而可以计算海水中任意场点的电场值.     

两种控制方式下主动轴接地装置的性能对比分析

可满足防腐和电场防护要求的主动轴接地装置已在舰船上得到了广泛应用。本文在理论推导的基础上解释了舰船轴系低频电流信号产生原因,分析了主动轴接地装置采用的基于检测轴电流补偿和基于检测轴—船体电势补偿两种控制方式的原理,并对两种方式进行性能对比分析,指出两种方式的优缺点,以指导主动轴接地装置设计。     

舰船水下腐蚀静电场有限元仿真分析

船体腐蚀后会产生腐蚀电流,稳定的腐蚀电流在海水中产生腐蚀静电场。分析导体媒质中电场的控制方程和边界条件,建立舰船水下腐蚀静电场有限元模型,并利用Ansys有限元分析软件对模型进行仿真分析。结果表明,腐蚀静电场具有明显的分布特性和较大的量值,与实测结果吻合。     

四分层媒质中垂直时谐电流产生的电场

为了研究舰船螺旋桨转动产生的轴频电场在浅海中的分布规律,在麦克斯韦方程理论基础上推导了四分层媒质中垂直时谐电流在本层导电媒质中产生的电场理论公式,并通过数值方法仿真分析了电场强度三分量的空间分布规律以及与海底电导率的关系。结果表明,电场纵向分量呈双峰对称分布,而横向和垂向分量呈单峰对称分布,当场源距离较大时海底电导率大小对场强影响十分明显,电导率越小水平方向场强越大而垂直方向场强越小。     

对舰船水下电场的初步探索

舰船水下电场是舰船固有的物理场之一。本文通过对舰船水下电场的研究、分析,认为舰船水下电场主要成份是由于阴极保护和外加电流保护时引起的。此外,在舰船航行时还会产生低频甚低频电磁场,这种电磁场传播得很远,可以被探测到。最后,对电场应用作了简单论述。     

舰船水下电场测量

在舰船电场隐身技术上,北约国家海军大量采用了减少舰船电场的措施,并写进了舰船建造规范。将经典电磁理论的核心内容应用到具有导电性的海水中,以舰船水下电场的特点作为切入点,从电场测量、磁性定位、倾角校正三个方面分析,阐述舰船水下电场测量的原理,并提出舰船水下电场测量系统的基本构想。     

舰船电场信号测量系统的硬件设计

海水中,舰船辐射电场信号量值较小、频率极低,很容易受到噪声的干扰。针对舰船电场信号的特点,综合测量电极、放大电路、AD转换等考虑,设计了一套基于MSP430系列单片机的舰船电场信号的测量系统。结果表明,该系统在实测中方便地测量了舰船电场信号,具有一定的军事运用价值。     

Flagging options for the future: A turning point in Korean shipping policy?

The issues surrounding the future of Korea's shipping policy have been heavily debated since 1990 because the Korean shipping industry has been facing rising crew costs and difficulties in recruitment of qualified crew, an adverse taxation system, very limited access to foreign capital markets, and an inflexible government regulatory environment. Consequently, this has contributed to the deterioration of Korea's compectitive edge. This paper aims to provide both an account of the current adverse situtation in Korean shipping business and proposals to alleviate the plight of shipping enterprises. Within the context of that adversity, two solutions are suggested to improve the current situation, by either establishing a Korean second register or flagging out. The paper explores the advantages and disadvantages of each solution. Because ship management is closely interrelated to flagging strategies, the paper also discusses areas of co-operation between Korean shipping or ship management companies and advanced foreign ship management companies.     

实际海浪环境中舰船大尺度模型试验研究进展

目前对舰船总体性能的研究主要是依靠数值计算、水池模型试验、实际海浪环境大尺度模型试验以及实船海试等方法,以上各种方法均有一定的适用范围.实际海浪环境中舰船大尺度模型试验技术是采用适当缩尺比的自航船模在自然水域环境中进行的试验,可以研究舰船在开阔海域自由航行状态下的各项航行性能.分析各种舰船总体性能研究方法的优缺点,针对目前舰船总体性能理论与试验研究存在的问题分析开展舰船大尺度模型海上试验研究的必要性,综述国内外大尺度模型试验技术的发展现状,最后针对该试验技术中的关键技术及热点问题进行总结与展望.     

新型船舶运动控制平台及海上试验

研制出一艘以水动力学相似准则缩尺的无人驾驶遥控模型船，模型船装有PC／104为主控计算机的船舶控制器，模型船由岸上主PC机遥控，用Honeywell公司的HMR3000碰罗经测量航导，用差分GPS系统定位，自主控制和推进，该遥控篡自治船舶运动控制已经进行了两次海上试验并取得成功，本文介绍该平台的系统设计，控制系统硬件和软件和海上试验经。     

船舶与岸电并网控制策略研究

岸电与靠港船舶并网控制技术是岸电的核心技术之一,能够实现岸电向船舶的不间断和稳定供电。针对传统岸电控制策略频率稳定性差和不能接受船舶能量管理系统调度的缺点,文章提出了一种基于改进下垂控制的岸电与船舶电网并网策略,使岸电逆变器在具有下垂特性的同时,还具有类似于船舶同步柴油发电机转子的惯性。岸电通过并网预同步控制与船舶电网并网,不会产生大的电流冲击。通过改进下垂控制能够有效提升并网后电压和频率的稳定性,提高船舶电网的电能质量,且能够接受船舶能量管理系统的调度。通过仿真试验,并与传统下垂控制策略进行对比,结果验证了改进下垂控制策略的有效性。     

Risk zone of wrack hitting marine structure simulated by 2D hydraulic model

The wrack or the ship out of control will drift with flow.One of the most important factors that drive the ship is flow current which moves circularly in tidal area.The wrack from same place always drifts in different ways if the start time is different.So,during the ship drifting period,the drift trace is also determined by both wave and wind forces.The drift direction is limited by water depth which must be deeper than ship draft. These marine structures that can not afford the hit of wrack or will destroy the wrack must be well considered when they are placed near harbor and waterway or other water area with ship running.The risk zone should be consulted according to tide and weather conditions to protect structures and ships in necessary.A method is presented here to simulate the risk zone by 2D numerical hydraulic model with tidal current,wave,wind and water depth considered.This model can be used to built early-warning and protect system for special marine structure.     

Dynamic response of a surface ship structure subjected to an underwater explosion bubble

Bubble load in a noncontact underwater explosion can cause the ship hull global response and local response. In current literature, the ship hull is usually simplified as a hull girder to analyze its global response. However, literature dealt with the local response of a 3-D surface ship hull subjected to an underwater bubble were limited. This investigation develops a procedure which couples the finite element method with doubly asymptotic approximation (DAA) method to study the problem of transient responses of a ship hull structure subjected to an underwater explosion bubble. Using a 3-D ship model as examples, the global and local responses of the ship model in vertical, transverse and longitudinal directions are performed in detail. The acceleration, velocity and displacement time histories are presented. The characteristics of both the global and local responses of the ship model are discussed. The numerical results show that besides global whipping response, the ship hull also sustains severe local responses in different directions subjected to underwater explosion bubble jetting, which should be taken into consideration.     

船舶横移运动的操作及转心位置变化规律的探讨

通过对几种船舶横移运动的操纵方法与理论研究，得出结论：船舶操纵中横移运动与转心位置变化规律的关系，即在航船舶的转心位置与流速和船首转向有关，不论船舶上、下水航行，只要航速相等或接近相等，当船首顺流转向时，转心后移；船首逆流转向时，转心前移。这一规律在船舶系离泊与避碰操纵中应充分应用。     

船体外加电流阴极保护系统设计中问题的探讨

船体外加电流阴极保护系统国家标准(GB/T3108-1999)中关于设计电流密度的选取并由此计算船体的保护电流总量.由于船舶的结构布局等因素,往往使电极不能按理想的设计方案在船体E进行布置与安装,致使有些部位电流不足,导致部分船体得不到充分的保护.经实船实验证明,在船体设计安装外加电流阴极保护系统的同时,应在艉部等部位相应没计安装部分牺牲阳极以弥补辅助阳极电流之不足.     

操舵模拟系统建模

分析了风和水流对船舶操纵性能的影响，研究船舶对操舵的动态响应．建立了在风和流共同作用下船舶操纵系统的动力学模型，用于模拟船舶在操舵后的运行状况。同时通过回转性实验对该模型进行了验证。     

The vertical disintegration of ship management: choice criteria for third party selection and evaluation

An assessment of the rationale for the vertical disintegration of ship management suggests that there might be compelling economic benefits for the separation of ownership from management. In this context, as a means for developing effective marketing strategies, it is important for ship managers to know the criteria used by current and prospective clients for ship manager selection and evaluation. The aim of this paper is to empirically identify the dimensions for ship manager selection and performance evaluation and their relative importance and to discuss the implications for marketing emanating from such an assessment. The methodology adopted includes the collection of secondary and primary data, both from ship managers and their clients, using interviews and a mail survey. The results indicate the prevailing importance of certain dimensions in selection (e.g. technical ability, reputation, competency) and evaluation (responsiveness, trustworthiness, technical ability), whereas it also found that price alone is not perceived to be as important in ship manager selection. It is concluded that placing emphasis on such dimensions in the formulation of a marketing strategy will contribute towards the attraction and retention of clients, whereas cost-cutting measures to allow price reduction, as well as advertising, will be ineffective over the long term.