亚临界区雷诺数下电磁力控制圆柱绕流场特性研究

采用脱体涡模拟方法对弱电解质中电磁力作用下圆柱绕流场及其升阻力特性进行了数值模拟与分析。研究结果表明,在亚临界区雷诺数下电磁力可以提高圆柱体边界层内的流体动能,延缓圆柱体近壁面流动分离,减弱绕流场中流向和展向大尺度涡的强度,减小圆柱体阻力及其升力脉动幅值;当电磁力作用参数大于某个临界值后,流动分离角消失,在圆柱体尾部产生射流现象,电磁力产生净推力作用,出现负阻力现象,而且升力脉动幅值显著减小且接近于零。     

亚临界区雷诺数下电磁力控制圆柱绕流场特性研究（英文）

采用脱体涡模拟方法对弱电解质中电磁力作用下圆柱绕流场及其升阻力特性进行了数值模拟与分析。研究结果表明,在亚临界区雷诺数下电磁力可以提高圆柱体边界层内的流体动能,延缓圆柱体近壁面流动分离,减弱绕流场中流向和展向大尺度涡的强度,减小圆柱体阻力及其升力脉动幅值;当电磁力作用参数大于某个临界值后,流动分离角消失,在圆柱体尾部产生射流现象,电磁力产生净推力作用,出现负阻力现象,而且升力脉动幅值显著减小且接近于零。     

海流能轮机叶片翼型的水动力学特性模拟

基于卧式海流能发电装置,采用雷诺平均N-S方程,对来流攻角从0°~26°情形下的叶片翼型进行数值模拟,分析比较不同攻角下水动力学特性的变化规律。结果表明:一定范围内增加攻角可有效提高升阻比,但升力系数最大时,升阻比、水翼捕能效率不一定最高,失速角也不一定是最佳攻角,验证了水翼失速的根本原因是边界层的分离;水翼吸力面与压力面的压差较大,此压差为水翼提供较高的升力系数,主要来自于水翼的前半部。此外,还分析了水翼周围流场的速度分布、压力分布等水动力特性与攻角的关系,为设计高效的海流能转换叶片提供了理论参考。     

变攻角翼型动态失速特性研究

本文通过风洞试验探讨了几种翼型在不同攻角增大率时的失速特性,分析了攻角增大率对失速滞后的作用规律,最后还对动态失速特性的应用作了说明。     

前缘抽吸对水翼水动力及空泡性能的影响（英文）

为了研究船用水翼前缘抽吸设置对其水动力性能及空泡性能的影响,应用数值模拟的方法进行了系统的计算分析。首先,以NACA0012为研究对象,采用两种湍流模型对翼型绕流进行模拟,通过与实验值对比,确定了合理的湍流模型。随后,计算分析了船用水翼添加前缘抽吸作用后,升力系数、阻力系数和升阻比的变化情况,及对失速角的影响,结果表明船用水翼在前缘布置吸口后可以提高失速角,扩大稳定工作攻角范围,提升翼型升阻比,起到增效的作用。最后,计算了NACA0012翼型及在其前缘加吸口水翼的定常与非定常空泡流动的数值模拟,计算结果表明:定常流动时,在翼型前缘加上吸口,可使空泡尺寸减小,改善了水翼的空泡性能;非定常流动时,加上吸口,可使空泡周期变长,空泡变化范围减小,抑制大规模空泡云的脱落,减少对水翼表面的剥蚀作用,降低空泡对水翼性能的影响。     

基于求解速度势通量的指定压力分布二维翼型设计方法

为了提升翼型的水动力和空泡等性能,指定压力分布的翼型剖面设计的方法多数集中在给定攻角下的翼型剖面的设计,该方法存在计算量较大,收敛性不理想,特别是推广到三维问题时,上述问题尤为突出,限制了翼型设计的进一步发展。文章以势流理论面元方法为基础,通过求解指定压力分布条件下翼型表面的速度势通量,获得翼型表面形状的修正量,并将修正量分解为攻角的变化以及剖面自身的变化两部分,从而得到了翼型唯一的设计攻角和翼型剖面几何（厚度分布、拱度分布）。文中采用上述方法对二维翼型问题进行了设计验证,表明该方法可以设计任意指定压力分布的翼型剖面,理论上该方法可以用于全三维翼型的设计问题。     

高雷诺数下水翼涡发放频率预报方法

[目的]高雷诺数下水翼绕流问题因其原理复杂、计算困难,一直是水动力领域关注的热点。基于涡量—流函数的离散涡(DVM)模型是一种无网格方法,可有效克服数值粘性问题。同时,在涡量集中区分辨率高,可有效模拟高雷诺数流场中的旋涡运动。使用一种随机涡方法对高雷诺数下二维刚性水翼涡发放频率进行预报。[方法]以NACA 66系列水翼为例,与试验数据对比验证其对涡发放频率预报的准确性。应用此方法分析高雷诺数下来流速度及初始攻角大小对水翼涡发放频率的影响规律。[结果]结果表明:涡发放频率会随来流速度呈非线性增加;随着水翼攻角的增加,泄涡尺寸和涡强不断增大,泄涡频率降低。[结论]来流速度和水翼初始攻角对二维水翼涡发放频率有显著影响,可为螺旋桨桨叶二维剖面的涡发放机理探究,甚至全桨的振动噪声预报提供参考。     

基于LES方法圆柱绕流三维数值模拟(英文)

采用计算流体软件CFX5中large.eddy simulation(LES)模型计算了均匀流场中三维圆柱绕流的水动力特性.使用有限体积法对三维N-S方程进行求解.数值模拟着重研究了高雷诺数时展向各截面的压力、阻力、升力及涡管特性.数值计算结果表明:展向各截面柱体受力关于中截面对称且小于二维情况,柱体周围流场呈现明显的三维特性.     

平板上直立有限长圆柱的涡街特性分析

文中以平板上直立的有限长圆柱为研究对象,通过数值模拟的方法,研究其绕流场的特性.通过大涡模拟的数值方法研究了高度-直径之比（以下简称长细比）为7,雷诺数为6×10^4时有限长圆柱的绕流场.文中通过采用高精度三维结构网格,求解稳态流场,模拟了圆柱顶部的尾拖涡带和流动的下洗现象;通过求解非稳态流场,模拟了涡的脱落、涡在尾流中的演化过程及下洗涡与卡门涡的相互作用.文中的模拟结果很好的反映了各个涡的结构和演化特性,与试验结果吻合较好.     

无限长圆柱绕流的三维数值模拟

采用大涡模拟对亚临界区内(Re=3900)三维圆柱绕流现象进行了数值模拟研究,分析了圆柱体表面的受力以及圆柱后流场的时均特性与瞬时特性。结果表明,当Re=3900时圆柱体表面与流速方向相反的压力差引起了不稳定的周期性交替脱落的湍流涡泄,这使得圆柱表面的升力呈现"准周期性"的振动变化,并在圆柱后近流场出现了回流区。研究还发现圆柱周围的流动沿圆柱展向呈现出明显的三维特性。     

进水口流动对水翼组合体水动力影响的试验研究

为研究进水口流动对水翼组合体水动力的影响，开发了一套专用试验装置，可测量进水口位置和流量对水翼组合作升力和阻力的影响。试验获得了七种进水四位置的水翼组合体升力和阻力与进水口流量的关系。试验结果表明，进水口位置影响明显，一般地，进水口位于水翼压力面一侧有利于提高水翼组合体的升阻比。     

水翼—喷水推进组合系统模型试验研究

本文简要地介绍了新研制的水翼—喷水推进组合系统模型试验装置的结构组成、工作原理和用途，阐述了进行水池试验的合理程序，并以PS－30喷水推进自控水翼客艇的尾水翼—喷水推进组合系统为对象进行了试验，获得了进口流动对水翼组合体水动力影响的规律以及可用于航速预报的净推力特性。多次试验证实，所开发的试验装置和试验技术是成功的，确是研究水翼组合体与喷水推进相互影响的有效试验手段。     

基于CFD的半潜式钻井服务支持平台拖航阻力数值分析

通过分离涡模拟法（detached eddy simulation,DES）对半潜式钻井服务支持平台拖航阻力进行了研究,重点对平台拖航阻力、阻力系数和平台表面附近流场分布等特性进行了研究。研究表明：流方向下平台各结构所受阻力各不相同,下浮体占据总阻力比最大（尤其是90°来流方向下）。阻力系数及升力系数时历曲线变化具有“脉动性”。通过平台表面附近流场分布可以分析涡形成及受力原因,逆方向流及涡之间相互作用使得阻力有所减小。     

基于均相流输运模型的二维水翼空化模拟

基于均相流输运模型对NACA661-012型水翼进行了空化数值模拟,计算了不同空化数K和不同攻角α下的升力系数与阻力系数.从流场、压力场和边界层的变化分析了空化的产生发展对水翼升力和阻力的影响.当攻角α大于8°以后,空化流动的不稳定性增强,空泡呈现出周期性的生长溃灭,并伴有升力系数和阻力系数的周期性波动.计算结果与实验进行了对比,结果吻合较好.     

三维水翼升力线理论(英文)

Prandtl’s lifting line theory was generalized to the lifting problem of a three-dimensional hydrofoil in the presence of a free surface. Similar to the classical lifting theory, the singularity distribution method was utilized to solve two-dimensional lifting problems for the hydrofoil beneath the free surface at the air-water interface, and a lifting line theory was developed to correct three-dimensional effects of the hydrofoil with a large aspect ratio. Differing from the classical lifting theory, the main focus was on finding the three-dimensional Green function of the free surface induced by the steady motion of a system of horseshoe vortices under the free surface. Finally, numerical examples were given to show the relationship between the lift coefficient and submergence Froude numbers for 2-D and 3-D hydrofoils. If the submergence Froude number is small free surface effect will be significant registered as the increase of lift coefficient. The validity of these approaches was examined in comparison with the results calculated by other methods.     

二维圆柱绕流数值模拟

对于椭球体绕流问题，可以考虑利用二维切片法的思想将其剖成一个个圆剖面，研究圆剖面的二维流动问题即二维圆柱绕流问题。采用Fluent软件，分别用多种流动模型在高雷诺数下对定常和非定常状态的圆柱绕流进行了数值模拟，计算得到圆柱绕流的升阻力系数、分离点位置、Strouhal数、流函数等结果，并与文献中的实验结果进行了比较，得到相应比较合理的计算模型。     

桩柱水流绕流阻力特性及其计算

为解决工程实际桩基码头与桥墩的水流绕流阻力计算问题,以指导涉及桩基的物理模型试验和数值模拟计算等工作。对桩柱绕流阻力特性及其计算的研究做了详细的回顾、归纳与总结,并通过桩柱阻力测试试验研究,完善和发展了桩柱水流绕流阻力特性及其计算方面的理论,且指出了由于试验条件的限制所导致的研究余漏与有待继续完善之处。     

Hydrodynamic response of a passive shape-adaptive composite hydrofoil

The primary objective of this paper is to present cavitation tunnel tests performed on an optimised shape-adaptive composite hydrofoil and compare the results to other composite hydrofoils. The optimised composite hydrofoil was designed based on prior literature and was manufactured using an optimised ply orientation schedule and a pre-twist. In the same experiment schedule a composite hydrofoil that has a ply orientation that is opposite to the optimised hydrofoil was also tested. In addition to the cavitation tunnel experiments, the paper also presents results predicted from FEA and CFD simulations for the optimised hydrofoil and compares the results from numerical methods to experiments. The results show that the optimised hydrofoil has an improved L/D ratio and a delayed stall phenomenon compared to other hydrofoils. Furthermore, due to the pre-twisted optimised geometry, the hydrofoil does not suffer from loss of lift at low angles of attack. The experimental results demonstrated the importance of characterising the performance of flexible shape-adaptive hydrofoils based on the actual velocity of the flow in addition to the conventional characterisation based on Reynold's number. Additional numerical simulations were performed to investigate the hydrofoils observed load dependant deformation behaviour. These results clearly show that for the same Reynold's number, the hydrofoil can have an appreciably different response if the flow velocity is different.     

The effect of finite depth on 2D and 3D cavitating hydrofoils

The iterative numerical method that has been developed for cavitating hydrofoils and surface piercing bodies moving inside a numerical towing tank is modified and extended to the case of fully submerged, both two- and three-dimensional cavitating hydrofoils in water of finite depth, and the effects of subcritical speed, critical speed and supercritical speed are investigated in detail. The iterative numerical method based on Green’s theorem allows separating the cavitating hydrofoil problem, the free surface problem and finite bottom problem both in two and three dimensions. The cavitating hydrofoil surface, the free surface and the surface of finite bottom are modeled with constant strength dipole and constant strength source panels. While the kinematic boundary condition is applied on the hydrofoil surface, a dynamic condition is applied with a cavity closure condition on the cavity surface. The source strengths on the free surface are expressed in terms of perturbation potential by applying the linearized free surface conditions. No radiation condition is enforced for downstream and transverse boundaries. The source strengths on the bottom surface are zero because of vanishing normal velocity. The method is applied to 2D and 3D cavitating hydrofoils, and the effect of finite bottom on lift and drag coefficients, cavity number and wave elevation is investigated.