考虑内流和海床作用的柔性立管和钢悬链线立管非线性分析(英文)

Flexible risers and steel catenary risers often provide unique riser solutions for today’s deepwater field development. Accurate analysis of these slender structures, in which there are high-speed HP/HT internal flows, is critical to ensure personnel and asset safety. In this study, a special global coordinate-based FEM rod model was adopted to identify and quantify the effects of internal flow and hydrostatic pressure on both flexible and deepwater steel catenary risers, with emphasis on the latter. By incorporating internal flow induced forces into the model, it was found that the internal flow contributes a new term to the effective tension expression. For flexible risers in shallow water, internal flow and hydrostatic pressure made virtually no change to effective tension by merely altering the riser wall tension. In deep water the internal pressure wielded a dominant role in governing the riser effective tension and furthering the static configuration, while the effect of inflow velocity was negligible. With respect to the riser seabed interaction, both the seabed support and friction effect were considered, with the former modeled by a nonlinear quadratic spring, allowing for a consistent derivation of the tangent stiffness matrix. The presented application examples show that the nonlinear quadratic spring is, when using the catenary solution as an initial static profile, an efficient way to model the quasi-Winkler-type elastic seabed foundation in this finite element scheme.     

基于改进的Logvinovich法对带横摇运动非对称楔形体入水砰击力的计算(英文)

The water entry problem of an asymmetric wedge with roll motion was analyzed by the method of a modified Logvinovich model (MLM). The MLM is a kind of analytical model based on the Wagner method, which linearizes the free surface condition and body boundary condition. The difference is that the MLM applies a nonlinear Bernoulli equation to obtain pressure distribution, which has been proven to be helpful to enhance the accuracy of hydrodynamic loads. The Wagner condition in this paper was generalized to solve the problem of the water entry of a wedge body with rotational velocity. The comparison of wet width between the MLM and a fully nonlinear numerical approach was given, and they agree well with each other. The effect of angular velocity on the hydrodynamic loads of a wedge body was investigated.     

The effect of frame torsion on the local stability of a ring-stiffened cylindrical shell

In the previous research, the effect of the frame torsion on the local stability of a ring-stiffened cylindrical shell, which was proved to be significant, was usually omitted. In this paper this effect under the action of static water pressure is studied. The frame torsional strain energy is calculated by consulting the method used in the research on the stability of a stiffened rectangular plate. With this item of energy being introduced into the total potential energy of the structure, a new stability formula for calculating the critical pressure for the local buckling of the ring-stiffened cylindrical shell is obtained by Ritz method. This new formula can be regarded as a revision of the famous Mises‘ formula. The calculation of the example shows that the critical pressure given by this formula is closer to the model test data than that given by Mises‘ formula.     

Analysis of ultimate uniaxial compressive strength of stiffened panel considering influence of shear load北大核心CSCD

［Objective］This study aims to explore the law of the critical compression stress of stiffened panels under the influence of in-plane shear load, and whether in-plane shear load combined with lateral pressure will introduce a strong coupling effect. ［Method ］ To this end, nonlinear finite element (FE) software ABAQUS is used to perform numerical simulation analysis under combined loads on a group of FE models. A limit state equation/curve is then derived from the dimensionless calculation results based on the minimum square error method. ［Results］The results show that the influence law of in-plane shear load on the critical compression stress of stiffened panels is clarified, and a limit state equation of stiffened panels that considers the effect of shear load is obtained. ［Conclusion］The limit state equation in this paper can provide references for modifying the ultimate strength of stiffened panels under the influence of in-plane shear load. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Ship Research. All rights reserved.     

空泡闭合区压力特性试验研究(英文)

The most complicated component in cavitating flow and pressure distribution is the flow in the cavity closure line. The cavitating flow and pressure distribution provide critical aspects of flow field details in the region. The integral of pressure results of the hydrodynamic forces, indicate domination in the design of a supercavitating vehicle. An experiment was performed in a water tunnel to investigate the pressure characteristics of the cavity closure region. Ventilation methods were employed to generate artificial cavity, and the ventilation rate was adjusted accordingly to obtain the desired cavity length. An array of pressure transducers was laid down the cavity closure line to capture pressure distribution in this region. The experimental results show that there is a pressure peak in the cavity closure region, and the rise rate of pressure in space tends to be higher in the upwind side when the flow is non-axisymmetric. The transient pressure variations during the cavity formation procedure were also present. The method of measurement in this paper can be referenced by engineers. The result helps to study the flow pattern of cavity closure region, and it can also be used to analyze the formation of supercavitating vehicle hydrodynamics.     

海床对海洋管道涡旋脱落和受力系数的影响（英文）

The effect of rigid bed proximity on flow parameters and hydrodynamic loads in offshore pipelines exposed to turbulent flow is investigated numerically. The Galerkin finite volume method is employed to solve the unsteady incompressible 2 D Navier–Stokes equations. The large eddy simulation turbulence model is solved using the artificial compressibility method and dual time-stepping approach. The proposed algorithm is developed for a wide range of turbulent flows with Reynolds numbers of 9500 to 1.5×104. Evaluation of the developed numerical model shows that the proposed technique is capable of properly predicting hydrodynamic forces and simulating the flow pattern. The obtained results show that the lift and drag coefficients are strongly affected by the gap ratio. The mean drag coefficient slightly increases as the gap ratio increases, although the mean lift coefficient rapidly decreases. The vortex shedding suppression happen at the gap ratio of less than 0.2.     

驱逐舰烟气排放过程数值仿真及同模型试验比较研究(英文)

The exhaust smoke dispersion for a generic frigate is investigated numerically through the numerical solution of the governing fluid flow, energy, species and turbulence equations. The main objective of this work is to obtain the effects of the yaw angle, velocity ratio and buoyancy on the dispersion of the exhaust smoke. The numerical method is based on the fully conserved control-volume representation of the fully elliptic Navier-Stokes equations. Turbulence is modeled using a two-equation(k-ε) model. The flow visualization tests using a 1/100 scale model of the frigate in the wind tunnel were also carried out to determine the exhaust plume path and to validate the computational results. The results show that down wash phenomena occurs for the yaw angles between ψ =10° and 20°. The results with different exhaust gas temperatures show that the buoyancy effect increases with the increasing of the exhaust gas temperature. However, its effect on the plume rise is less significant in comparison with its momentum. A good agreement between the predictions and experiment results is obtained.     

2D-simulation of wet steam flow in a steam turbine with spontaneous condensation

Removal of condensates from wet steam flow in the last stages of steam turbines significantly promotes stage efficiency and prevents erosion of rotors. In this paper, homogeneous spontaneous condensation in transonic steam flow in the 2-D rotor-tip section of a stage turbine is investigated. Calculated results agree with experimental data reasonably well. On the basis of the above work, a 2-D numerical simulation of wet steam flow in adjacent root sections of a complex steam turbine stage was carried out. Computational results were analyzed and provide insights into effective removal of humidity.     

Wave load computation in direct strength analysis of semi-submersible platform structures

A wave load computation approach in direct strength analysis of semi-submersible platform structures was presented in this paper. Considering the differences in shape of pontoon, column and beam, the combination of accumulative chord length cubic parameter spline theory and analytic method was adopted for generating the wet surface mesh of platform. The hydrodynamic coefficients of platform were calculated by the three-dimensional potential flow theory of the linear hydrodynamic problem for platform with low forward speed. The equation of platform motions was established and solved in frequency domain, and the responses of wave-induced loads on the platform can be obtained. With the interpolation method being utilized, the pressure loads on shell elements for finite element analysis(FEA) were converted from those on the hydrodynamic computation mesh, which pave the basis for FEA with commercial software. A computer program based on this method has been developed ,and a calculation example of semi-submersible platform was illustrated. Analysis results show that this method is a satisfying approach of wave loads computation for this kind of platform.     

A free surface frequency domain green function with viscous dissipation and partial reflections from side walls

The free-surface Green function method is widely used in solving the radiation or diffraction problems caused by a ship or ocean structure oscillating on the waves. In the context of inviscid potential flow, hydrodynamic problems such as multi-body interaction and tank side wall effect cannot be properly dealt with based on the traditional free-surface frequency domain Green function method, in which the water viscosity is omitted and the energy dissipation effect is absent. In this paper, an open-sea Green function with viscous dissipation was presented within the theory of visco-potential flow. Then the tank Green function with a partial reflection from the side walls in wave tanks was formulated as a formal sum of open-sea Green functions representing the infinite images between two parallel side walls of the source in the tank. The new far-field characteristics of the tank Green function is vitally important for improving the validity of side-wall effects evaluation, which can be used in supervising the tank model tests.     

压气机级间喷水燃气轮机循环分析

该文给出压气机组间喷水燃气轮机数学模型,并据此模型计算出压气机的出口温度、压缩功、涡轮进口温度、循环效率及输出功率随喷水量变化关系。分析了大气温度、压比及涡轮进口温度变化时的压气机级间喷水燃气轮机的性能变化规律,讨论了在压气机不同位置喷水对燃气轮机比功和循环效率等性能的影响。     

恒温热源条件下实际回热式布雷顿循环的功率密度特性

用有限时间热力学方法分析恒温热源条件下实际回热式布畦顿循环的功率密度特性,计入工质与高,低温侧换热器的热阻损失,压气机,涡轮机的不可逆压缩和膨胀损失,以及管路系统中的压力损失,导出了功率密度与压比间的解析式,并通过数值计算将对应于最大功率密度时的一些参数与对应于最大功率时的同样参数进行了比较。     

蒸汽喷射压缩器特性计算与分析

基于热力学原理并引入气体动力学函数,建立了蒸汽喷射压缩器的计算模型,提出了喷射压缩器喷射系数及压缩压力等特性参数的计算方法.计算分析了工作蒸汽压力、引射蒸汽压力、压缩比等对最佳喷射系数的影响,以及喷射系数和压缩压力、压缩比的关系特性,为蒸汽喷射压缩器的热力参数设计提供了理论依据和有效的计算方法.     

对船用低速柴油机NOx修正系数的研究

通过对MARPOL公约附则VI中NOx修正系数的研究表明，扫气空气温度属于可控制的进气参数，不需要出现在NOx修正系数公式中。作者研究认为进气温度、进气湿度和大气压力是三个重要影响因素，而将扫气空气温度与最高燃烧压力作为运行参数在ISO状况下对NOx值进行修正则更为合理，并推导出了新的NOx修正系数。     

海洋平台压缩机管系气流脉动分析

在开发海上天然气资源过程中,压缩机管道振动会造成管道结构疲劳破坏、计测仪表失真或损坏等严重的危害,而气流脉动是导致往复式压缩机管系振动的根本原因。对气流脉动产生的原因进行简要分析,并根据转移矩阵法,在得到各管系单元的转移矩阵的基础上,采用MATLAB编程设计压缩机管系气柱固有频率的预报系统,对一段复杂管系的气柱固有频率进行计算,将其与试验值相对比,验证该预报系统的可靠性。采用Bentley PULS XM软件对某海洋平台的部分压缩机管道系统进行压力脉动计算,并将计算结果与规范要求相比较,对其管道系统的不合理的部分进行优化。     

船用废气涡轮增压器压气机内部流场数值研究

利用三维数值模拟技术对某型船用柴油机废气涡轮增压器压气机内部流场进行了数值分析,得到了额定转速下压气机内部流道气体流动情况。分析了压气机转子流道流场和径向扩压器流道流场,得到了主要气动参数分布。数值分析表明,在额定工况下离心叶轮内靠近叶轮出口处以及径向扩压器流道内流体均存在跨音速流动区域,同时在扩压器叶片吸力面下游位置存在低速涡流区域;压气机转子流道和扩压器流道的相互干扰及叶顶间隙的存在是导致压气机内部出现流动分离的主要原因。     

水泥土室内制样方法与配合比试验

水泥土室内配合比试验是深层水泥搅拌法工程应用中一项重要的前期工作。基于大量室内试验,总结提出干土制样法与湿土制样法两种不同的水泥土制样方法及其试验流程,并对其优缺点与适用性进行比较,得出以下结论:1)当以试验土样目标含水率为变量,或试验土样初始含水率大于目标含水率时,应采用干土制样法; 2)当研究在土样初始含水率下其他因素对水泥土强度的影响时,采用湿土制样法更为合适、高效。以香港冲积层黏土为研究对象,采用干土制样法分析土样含水率对水泥土无侧限抗压强度的影响。试验结果表明,在含水率40%～80%范围内,不同龄期的水泥土强度均随含水率的增加而减小,且在高含水率(大于70%)下水泥土强度随龄期增长不明显。     

基于HYSYS的B型LNG燃料舱BOG压缩供给系统

以一艘B型液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas,LNG)燃料舱舱容为30000 m3的发电船为目标船,对其3种蒸发气(Boiled Off Gas,BOG)压缩供给系统进行模拟计算分析。采用HYSYS软件建立BOG压缩供给系统模型,通过实际气体状态方程计算BOG物性值,分别对该系统进行BOG温度、压力和流量单变量变化等方面的热力性能分析。结果表明当压缩机进口处选用高压力和低温度BOG时,能有效降低其功耗;常温BOG单级压缩机出口温度高于150℃,压缩机的选型受到限制;当常温BOG两级压缩机进口温度不超过2℃时,其出口温度不超过150℃;控制第二级压缩机进口温度可免设BOG冷却器,节约成本。     

TIG电弧钎焊钎料液滴内部流场数值模拟及分析

在对TIG电弧钎焊过程中钎料液滴铺展、润湿试验研究的基础上,建立了钎料液滴在满足受重力、表面张力以及电弧压力等作用下的控制方程和边界条件,并将其转化为有限容积方程,最后利用PHOENICS软件的SIMPLEST算法计算得出钎料液滴内部的流场行为,并通过与常规的TIG焊熔池的流场行为进行对比的方法进行了分析,以此来更好地理解钎料液滴自由表面的演化规律及其最终成型。     

热力压缩器的优化设计与试验研究

该文通过对热力压缩器内蒸汽流运过程的理论分析,建立了热力压缩器的数学模型,提出了一套在给定参数下的优化设计方法,并对具有代代性的各种不同工况点进行了试验研究,文中所提出的设计方法和试验结果将为今后热力压缩蒸馏装置的设计和研究提供计算依据和理论指导。