利用一种改进的模态应变能法诊断海洋平台结构的损伤（英文）

The development of robust damage detection methods for offshore structures is crucial to prevent catastrophes caused by structural failures. In this research, we developed an Improved Modal Strain Energy(IMSE) method for detecting damage in offshore platform structures based on a traditional modal strain energy method(the Stubbs index method). The most significant difference from the Stubbs index method was the application of modal frequencies. The goal was to improve the robustness of the traditional method. To demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed IMSE method, both numerical and experimental studies were conducted for different damage scenarios using a jacket platform structure. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the IMSE method in damage location when only limited, spatially incomplete, and noise-polluted modal data is available. Comparative studies showed that the IMSE index outperformed the Stubbs index and exhibited stronger robustness, confirming the superiority of the proposed approach.     

一种改进的海洋平台结构损伤诊断方法研究(英文)

In the exploitation of ocean oil and gas, many offshore structures may be damaged due to the severe environment, so an effective method of diagnosing structural damage is urgently needed to locate the damage and evaluate its severity. Genetic algorithms have become some of the most important global optimization tools and been widely used in many fields in recent years because of their simple operation and strong robustness. Based on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the structure, the damage diagnosis of a jacket offshore platform is attributed to an optimization problem and studied by using a genetic algorithm. According to the principle that the structural stiffness of a certain direction can be greatly affected only when the brace bar in the corresponding direction is damaged, an improved objective function was proposed in this paper targeting measurement noise and the characteristics of modal identification for offshore platforms. This function can be used as fitness function of a genetic algorithm, and both numerical simulation and physical model test results show that the improved method may locate the structural damage and evaluate the severity of a jacket offshore platform satisfactorily while improving the robustness of evolutionary searching and the reliability of damage diagnosis.     

环境激励下自升式海洋平台损伤诊断

为探究适用于海洋平台结构的有效损伤诊断方法,针对某自升式平台的比例模型开展环境激励下损伤诊断试验研究。分别采用频域法中的增强频域分解法和时域法中的随机子空间法处理测试数据,提取前三阶的固有频率、振型和阻尼比等模态参数,并结合频率和振型识别结果计算节点柔度矩阵。通过分析平台模型模态参数和节点柔度矩阵的变化率,识别预先设置的结构损伤。试验结果表明,两种模态识别方法均能有效识别环境激励下的平台模型模态参数,其中利用固有频率变化率能够有效判断结构是否产生损伤,利用振型和柔度矩阵的变化率能够实现损伤的准确定位。     

Damage detection of offshore jacket structures using frequency domain selective measurements

The development of damage detection techniques for offshore jacket structures is vital to prevent catastrophic events. This paper applies a frequency response based method for the purpose of structural health monitoring. In efforts to fulfill this task, concept of the minimum rank perturbation theory has been utilized. The present article introduces a promising methodology to select frequency points effectively. To achieve this goal, modal strain energy ratio of each member was evaluated at different natural frequencies of structure in order to identify the sensitive frequency domain for damage detection. The proposed methodology opens up the possibility of much greater detection efficiency. In addition, the performance of the proposed method was evaluated in relation to multiple damages. The aforementioned points are illustrated using the numerical study of a two dimensional jacket platform, and the results proved to be satisfactory utilizing the proposed methodology.     

Structural damage identification by a cross modal energy sensitivity based mode subset selection strategy

This paper presents a strategy specialized for modal energy (ME) based methods, including modal strain energy (MSE) and modal kinetic energy (MKE), to select the best mode subset prior to damage identification. The damages due to the changes in stiffness and mass of structural members are both considered. In order to apply the proposed scheme to a more general situation, the cross modal energy (CME) sensitivity instead of the usual ME sensitivity is derived and designated as a sensitivity index. According to this index, the mode combinations (MCs) that are more sensitive to stiffness and mass changes are retained, while the remaining MCs that complicate the process of damage detection are eliminated. One of the important applications of the proposed mode subset selection strategy (MSSS) is to optimize the Cross-model cross-mode (CMCM) system by eliminating some redundant equations, thereby improving the performance of the CMCM method and reducing the computational burden. Numerical and experimental studies are carried out to prove the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The results show that the performance of the CMCM method has been significantly improved after adopting the MSSS.     

对几种损伤识别方法的噪声敏感性分析

以简支梁、三维框架结构、Benchmark框架模型、海洋平台结构为分析对象,选择柔度差值曲率法、模态应变能法、改进后的模态应变能法和交叉模型交叉模态方法（CMCM）等4种结构损伤定位指标,对分析对象的抗噪声干扰能力进行对比分析。分析结果表明,改进后的模态应变能法和CMCM方法对于结构损伤定位均有较好的抗噪性。     

ANSYS在自升式平台结构强度分析中的应用

作为海洋油气资源开发的基础性设施,海洋平台的安全特性越来越受到人们的重视。本文以某自升式平台为研究对象,基于大型有限元分析软件ANSYS软件平台,分别采用ANSYS的静力分析、模态分析研究了平台在风、流和波浪联合载荷作用下的受力特点,获得了平台的模态振动规律。分析结果显示,该平台具有较好的抗风、抗波浪力能力,但应避免平台的低频振动,而且平台桩腿始终是其较为薄弱的构件。     

在役导管架平台动态可靠性研究

针对在役海洋平台结构进行可靠性分析,动态可靠性评估是最为有效的方法。包括结构的动力可靠性和时变可靠性评估。针对海洋导管架平台的复杂环境,首先考虑结构腐蚀和损伤等因素,计及载荷效应与抗力效应的影响,并结合时间离散法,计算平台的时变可靠度。通过计算结构的传递函数和响应谱,并依据首次超越理论进行动力可靠度的计算。文章研究的方法能够为海洋平台服役期间的安全状况评估提供理论依据并为平台结构的维修提供指导。     

导管架海洋平台可靠性指标模糊优化分配方法

提出了近海导管架平台结构可靠性指标分配的模糊优化方法.该方法使导管架海洋平台在尺寸、重量、造价等约束条件下,体系达到模糊最优可靠性.文章从寻找结构主要失效模式、结构整体可靠度指标求解、结构子系统可靠度指标分配三个环节进行研究,得到了较为满意的结果.     

Detecting damage to offshore platform structures using the time-domain data

A new method that uses time-domain response data under random loading is proposed for detecting damage to the structural elements of offshore platforms. In our study, a time series model with a fitting order was first constructed using the time-domain of noise data. A sensitivity matrix consisting of the first differential of the autoregressive coefficients of the time series models with respect to the stiffness of structural elements was then obtained based on time-domain response data. Locations and severity of damage may then be estimated by solving the damage vector whose components express the degrees of damage to the structural elements. A unique aspect of this detection method is that it requires acceleration history data from only one or a few sensors. This makes it feasible for a limited array of sensors to obtain sufficient data. The efficiency and reliability of the proposed method was demonstrated by applying it to a simplified offshore platform with damage to one element. Numerical simulations show that the use of a few sensors＇ acceleration history data, when compared with recorded levels of noise, is capable of detecting damage efficiently. An increase in the number of sensors helps improve the diagnosis success rate.     

海洋平台振动模糊控制研究

在过去的三十年里,模糊逻辑控制在结构振动控制中得到了广泛的研究和应用.模糊逻辑控制具有很强的鲁棒性并且能够有效地处理非线性以及被控系统和外载荷的不确定性和不精确性,本文对于海洋平台振动模糊控制进行了研究.通过模态阻尼比的不确定性显示了模糊控制的鲁棒性,研究表明海洋平台的振动模糊主动控制是有效的、可行的,并且提高了平台的适用性和生存性.本文的方法毫无疑问为今后的海洋平台振动控制提供了一条新的途径.     

计算小波分布判定海洋平台结构损伤方法研究

由于海洋平台结构长期处于恶劣的海洋环境中,并受到各种载荷的交互作用,结构容易产生各种形式的损伤。因此,对海洋平台进行实时监测有着十分重要的现实意义。本文以单筒简易导管架平台为例,主要在结构损伤的判定和定位两方面对海洋平台的实时结构健康监测进行研究,结果表明通过对结构响应信号进行小波分析,小波变换系数和小波包能量分布可以很好地定义损伤识别指标。     

基于小波变换的海洋平台结构损伤检测

基于结构动力特性的海洋工程结构损伤检测是一个非常有工程应用价值的研究课题。特别是对于海洋平台水线以下的结构损伤,一般通过结构的频率、振型和频响函数等的变化用来发现损伤。但是对于早期的损伤(通常损伤量很小),上述结构动力特性参数的变化可能很小从而不足以反映结构的这种早期微小损伤。文章提出采用小波变换的方法来进行小损伤的检测,将结构的频响函数(FRF)和加速度响应进行小波变换,很好地预报了损伤的存在。文中还以某海洋平台为例,进行了模型试验,从而验证了提出方法的可行性。     

应用移动质量法的结构损伤小波识别方法

为提高结构损伤识别的精度,充分发挥小波识别在特征提取、信号奇异性检测、信号降噪等方面的独特优势,提出采用移动质量多次检测法的结构损伤小波识别方法。该方法采用移动质量块在不同位置对桥梁进行多次测量,利用各次测量的频率值的变量来确定桥梁结构的其他模态参数,从而确定桥梁的局部单一和多处损伤情况。采用数值算例对该方法进行验证,结果显示,对简支梁的单一和多处损伤识别效果明显。     

海洋平台低频线谱振动控制方法研究

针对已建海洋平台结构低频（30Hz以下）线谱振动控制难题,基于吸振原理,开展了低频线谱振动控制方法研究。讨论了动力吸振器与振动系统主结构最优质量比、阻尼比、频率比的取值范围,以及动力吸振器最优布置数量、布置位置等。以典型海洋平台板架结构为例,建立有限元模型,验证了动力吸振系统化方法的有效性,在此基础上,针对某海洋平台振动超标问题,开展了动力吸振系统化方法的工程应用研究,旨在为海洋平台低频线谱振动控制提供方法依据。     

Development of simplified method for prediction of structural response of stiffened plates under explosion loads

During their lifetime, marine structures may be exposed to accidental loadings such as from collisions or explosions, as well as environmental loadings such as from slamming, sloshing and green water. Such loadings can cause damage to structures. Therefore, to minimize such damage, advanced and robust design guidelines should be formulated. Among those loads, in this study, explosions imparting an impulsive pressure loading containing a rapid increase in pressure and a short duration that can cause serious casualties, property losses, and marine pollution were considered. In this paper, a practical and robust method for damage assessment of marine structures exposed to explosion loads based on a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system and numerical simulations is proposed. The SDOF method was improved by introduction of new and better idealization resistance for the system and consideration of the effect of strain-rate, and subsequently was verified by a numerical method developed using the commercial ABAQUS software package. The numerical method was itself validated by comparison with relevant pulse pressure test data available in the open literature (good correlation was shown). Based on the validated numerical models, a rigorous parametric study of the structural response of stiffened plates having actual scantlings of offshore structures was performed. The numerically obtained maximum deformations were compared with the results from the improved SDOF method in a parametric study, and the variation of both methods was verified. Finally, simple yet accurate and reliable formulations for prediction of structural response were empirically derived. These formulations are expected to be usefully employed as a first-hand tool for prediction of damage extent of marine structures (including offshore structures) due to explosion loads.     

Time reversal damage localization method of ocean platform based on particle swarm optimization algorithm

The traditional time reversal is considered a promising approach for non-destructive testing and health monitoring of key region and structure, but it is considerably time consuming. This paper presents a time reversal damage localization method, based on particle swarm optimization algorithm, which is capable of improving the real-time performance of health monitoring in ocean platform. Firstly, the virtual focusing model of time reversal is constructed, and a succinct expression of virtual focusing for sensor pairs is proposed. Then, on the definition of the evaluation index, the PSO based time reversal algorithm is proposed, and the proper coefficients is given. Finally, the finite element simulation and experimental case validate that the proposed method is capable of find the damage location within limit iterative steps. Thus, the proposed method is a hopeful method for online monitoring and damage localization of large sized structure.     

Analysis of collapse resistance of offshore rigid frame - Continuous girder bridge based on time-varying fragility

In service period, the key to ensure the service performance of bridge is to control its material durability damage and continuous collapse better. Nowadays, most anti - collapse analysis under earthquake is for the frame structure, the theory and method of anti - collapse analysis of bridge is not systematically summarized. Taking a 4 - span rigid frame - continuous girder bridge in offshore seismic prone region as an example, a new quantitative criterion for collapse resistance was proposed based on theoretical fragility, reliability theory and concept removal method of components, which is suitable for the example bridge. The results show that the time-varying durability damage and time-varying bond - slip effect on mechanical properties of materials can't be ignored in service period; the fragility and importance coefficient increase with service life, while the robustness coefficient decreases with service life, the different optimization algorithms all improve their corresponding parameters; when the bridge reaches its designed service life, its robustness coefficient is about 25% of that of the new, when the bridge exceeds the designed service life, its robustness coefficient decay rate is low, and the residual robustness coefficient is about 18%, the bridge still has certain anti - collapse performance.     

我国海上导管架平台抗冰锥体的设计实践

冰激振动是渤海重冰区导管架平台的主要危害.渤海重冰区导管架平台在腿柱上安装了抗冰锥体,基本解决了平台冰激振动问题.主要阐述了抗冰锥体的基本抗冰原理和设计方法,分析了渤海典型导管架平台抗冰锥体的设计实践,对渤海重冰区导管架平台和抗冰锥体的设计提出了建议.     

腐蚀和裂纹损伤下海洋平台极限强度试验研究

根据墨西哥湾某一典型固定式海洋平台为原型,按照刚度相似性和几何相似性,分别设计并制作了完好模型、腐蚀模型、裂纹模型,并对三个试验模型开展极限强度试验研究,试验结果表明腐蚀、裂纹损伤严重影响试验模型极限承载力,且试验模型失效模式各不相同.同时,采用非线性有限元方法,分别对三个试验模型进行计算,将计算结果与试验结果对比分析,验证了该方法在固定式海洋平台极限强度计算方面的有效性.