计及船体梁载荷影响的船舶舷侧结构碰撞性能

以被撞船舷侧结构作为研究对象,建立了两船发生侧向对中垂直碰撞的非线性有限元模型。并以此为基础,进行了被撞船舷侧结构碰撞数值仿真研究,得到了能量-碰撞船位移以及碰撞力-碰撞船位移的关系曲线;研究了预载荷对船舶舷侧结构碰撞性能的影响。数值仿真结果表明,由于船体梁载荷的作用,船舶结构碰撞性能受到一定程度的削弱。     

基于有限元分析的船舶耐碰撞结构设计

耐碰撞设计是船舶结构设计中的关键部分,船舶发生碰撞会引起结构损伤,严重的还可能导致船只沉没等事故。船舶碰撞过程是一个多学科综合问题,涉及了材料力学、结构动力学等众多知识,同时,碰撞过程也具有非线性特征。因此,船舶耐碰撞结构设计是一项研究的难点。近年来,有限元分析技术在船舶结构设计领域逐渐广泛应用,基于有限元的建模和仿真技术提高了船舶结构设计的水平。本文基于Ansys有限元软件,对船舷侧结构建立有限元模型,并进行数值模拟和仿真分析。     

撞击船载货对双壳油船碰撞损伤的影响

为探究撞击船载货对双壳油船舷侧结构碰撞损伤的影响,以7 000吨级双壳油船为原型,运用非线性有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA建立船舶碰撞数值模型,在此基础上对碰撞过程中产生的碰撞力、结构吸能、撞击速度变化和撞深变化等参数进行对比分析,阐述撞击船载货对双壳油船碰撞损伤的影响。研究结果表明,撞击船载货对双壳油船舷侧损伤具有重要影响。     

船舶碰撞过程船体表面动力学数值仿真

为保障船舶航运安全,研究船舶碰撞过程船体表面动力学数值仿真方法.考虑船舶的尺寸参数与材料性能参数,选取随动强化模型仿真船舶材料构建船舶有限元模型;设置碰撞速度、角度与位置,材料属性,接触力、摩擦力以及水流对船体的影响等参数,采用Ansys有限元软件内的显示动力学模块求解船舶碰撞过程船体表面动力学方程与能耗耗散方程.结果...     

船舶碰撞仿真分析中的单元尺寸与失效应变关系研究

随着船舶向大型化发展势头迅猛,船舶碰撞所带来的灾难性后果也显著增大.为评估船舶结构的耐撞能力,国内外研究人员分别从试验和数值模拟2个方面开展研究工作.针对船舶碰撞场景的仿真模拟中,经常采用常应变失效准则来定义单元是否失效.然而失效应变取值强烈依赖于单元尺寸大小,因此,开展失效应变与单元网格尺寸关系研究对船舶结构的耐撞性能准确评估意义重大.本文通过对光板及加筋板的耐撞性能的试验研究,并应用非线性有限元软件LS-DYNA对试验结果进行仿真模拟,探讨了光板及加筋板的单元尺寸和失效应变之间的关系.结果表明:光板和加筋板的单元尺寸与失效应变关系曲线明显不同,因此采用常应变失效准则时应区别对待,不能混用.研究结论对船舶结构碰撞有限元仿真具有一定的指导意义.     

冰区航行船层冰作用下的结构响应

船冰碰撞是一个复杂的动力学过程,如何得到碰撞中的冰载荷一直是船舶碰撞研究领域的热点之一.本文分别建立300000 t冰区航行船和层冰的有限元模型,基于弹塑性理论及非线性有限元理论,利用MSC.Dytran对其碰撞进行数值仿真,模拟了船首及层冰的接触碰撞过程,最终得到船冰碰撞过程中的碰撞力、船首结构响应、船航速变化及能量耗散等参数.分析船冰碰撞过程中的碰撞机理及特性,并对冰区航行船特别是其船壳提出结构加强的建议,为设计冰区航行船提供一定的参考.     

水平荷载下单桩有限元模拟结合p-y曲线法分析

为了分析在水平荷载下单桩的横向响应问题,利用有限元程序ANSYS对桩土相互作用体系进行了三维有限元数值模拟,分析了土体是否考虑弹塑性、桩土之间是否考虑接触面等因素对单桩横向响应的影响。提出了有效模拟单桩横向响应的有限元模型;进一步提出了确定接触面刚度参数及p-y曲线地基反力系数修正接触面刚度参数的方法。最后进行了实例验证,得出了地基非线性因素的影响是不可忽略的重要结论,并有效提高了有限元模型的计算精度。     

有限元分析技术的船桥碰撞模拟

利用动力数值模拟技术对船桥碰撞进行数值模拟,结果存在误差,模拟不准确。针对上述问题,运用有限元分析技术对船桥碰撞进行模拟。首先对船桥碰撞问题进行分析。根据分析结果建立船舶和桥梁的有限元模型,最后进行数值模拟分析,探讨不同碰撞角度下的船桥撞击结果。为验证该模型的有效性,进行了对比实验,结果表明:与动力数值模拟技术相比,利用有限元分析技术进行船桥碰撞数值模拟分析,准确性提高了11%,为桥梁的防护建造提供了重要的参考依据,降低了船舶运行风险,节省了船舶维护成本。     

冰区航行船层冰作用下的结构响应

船冰碰撞是一个复杂的动力学过程,如何得到碰撞中的冰载荷一直是船舶碰撞研究领域的热点之一。本文分别建立300 000 t冰区航行船和层冰的有限元模型,基于弹塑性理论及非线性有限元理论,利用MSC.Dytran对其碰撞进行数值仿真,模拟了船首及层冰的接触碰撞过程,最终得到船冰碰撞过程中的碰撞力、船首结构响应、船航速变化及能量耗散等参数。分析船冰碰撞过程中的碰撞机理及特性,并对冰区航行船特别是其船壳提出结构加强的建议,为设计冰区航行船提供一定的参考。     

不同本构模型对船冰相互作用的影响

由于对物理模型做了大量假设,经验公式在计算船冰碰撞过程中的冰力时存在很多缺点,而且因为没有考虑船舶自身的非线性现象,导致计算结果与真实值存在较大误差。随着有限元技术的发展,使得利用有限元技术模拟海冰与船舶碰撞问题成为可能。海冰本构模型是影响船冰碰撞过程中计算精度的最重要因素,利用MSC.DYTRAN强大的非线性计算功能对海冰的弹塑性模型、弹脆性模型以及Derradji-Aouat多重失效面模型进行模拟,并且对计算结果和相关本构模型进行分析,认为基于应变率和温度并且考虑了静水压力对海冰失效的影响的多重失效面准则更加适合计算高应变率作用下的船冰碰撞问题。     

Rapid prediction of structural responses of double-bottom structures in shoal grounding scenario

This study presents a simplified analytical model for predicting the structural responses of double-bottom ships in a shoal grounding scenario. This solution is based on a series of analytical models developed from elastic-plastic mechanism theories for different structural components, including bottom girders, floors, bottom plating, and attached stiffeners. We verify this simplified analytical model by numerical simulation, and establish finite element models for a typical tanker hold and a rigid indenter representing seabed obstacles. Employing the LS-DYNA finite element solver, we conduct numerical simulations for shoal-grounding cases with a wide range of slope angles and indentation depths. In comparison with numerical simulations, we verify the proposed simplified analytical model with respect to the total energy dissipation and the horizontal grounding resistance. We also investigate the interaction effect of deformation patterns between bottom structure components. Our results show that the total energy dissipation and resistances predicted by the analytical model agree well with those from numerical simulations.     

双层底船搁浅场景下结构响应的快速预报（英文）

This study presents a simplified analytical model for predicting the structural responses of double-bottom ships in a shoal grounding scenario. This solution is based on a series of analytical models developed from elastic-plastic mechanism theories for different structural components, including bottom girders, floors, bottom plating, and attached stiffeners. We verify this simplified analytical model by numerical simulation, and establish finite element models for a typical tanker hold and a rigid indenter representing seabed obstacles. Employing the LS-DYNA finite element solver, we conduct numerical simulations for shoal-grounding cases with a wide range of slope angles and indentation depths. In comparison with numerical simulations, we verify the proposed simplified analytical model with respect to the total energy dissipation and the horizontal grounding resistance. We also investigate the interaction effect of deformation patterns between bottom structure components. Our results show that the total energy dissipation and resistances predicted by the analytical model agree well with those from numerical simulations.     

疏浚绞刀切削土壤的数值模拟

基于有限元FEM法研究绞刀切削土壤过程。参数化建立绞刀模型,对绞刀进行模态分析,分析不同阶数下的固有频率及振幅,为绞刀加工提供依据;采用LS-DYNA模拟绞刀切削土壤的过程,选取MAT147为土壤材料模型,研究不同时刻的土壤切削形态,将得到的切削阻力与理论结果对比,验证数值模拟的可靠性。     

水平冲击下防撞装置的试验及有限元研究

采用试验及有限元模拟的方法对格构增强复合材料桥梁防撞装置的水平抗冲击性能进行研究。首先,根据桥墩的实际形状选择合适的缩比尺寸制作了桥墩及防撞装置模型,并进行水平冲击试验。其次,研究有无防撞装置及防撞装置中横向格构间距对船舶撞击力峰值的影响,并利用LS-DYNA软件进行有限元模拟。最后,将有限元结果与试验结果进行对比。结果表明:该防撞装置有效减小了冲击过程中的撞击力峰值及桥墩位移,且有限元模拟结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

船舶搁浅于刚性斜坡数值仿真的模型化技术

显式非线性有限元分析已逐渐成为研究船舶搁浅问题的重要方法,但其模型化技术是实现数值仿真的关键。本文将搁浅船处理为可变形结构,用弹塑性材料模拟并进行整船建模,斜坡处理为刚体,用刚性材料模拟,船舶与斜坡之间定义为主从接触,船艏定义为自接触。通过仿真计算,获得并讨论了搁浅过程中的船体运动情况、搁浅接触力曲线、能量转化及船舶损伤变形情况。算例表明本文的模型化技术可以用于船舶搁浅的仿真计算。     

Understanding ship-grounding events

The paper presents a simple procedure to estimate the damage to a ship bottom and the associated seabed topology that results from a dynamic grounding event. The seabed is modeled as a rigid body and parameterized by a quadratic surface, i.e., a paraboloid, which can in principle model a wide range of seabed topologies. A nonlinear finite element program (LS-DYNA) is used to simulate the contact force versus the lateral penetration, from which the horizontal force component of powered grounding is estimated. The simplified procedure for analyzing dynamic and static grounding events is outlined. Simulations are performed for different ship speeds and for different initial levels of obstruction over the keel. It is shown that a static approach may replace the dynamic grounding simulation, thereby considerably reducing the computational work. The static approach allows for the quick estimation of the energy absorption during powered grounding, which is imperative for decision making during critical situations. The ultimate goal of the study is to provide a near real-time prediction of the risk of rupture of the cargo tanks and hull girder failure. Moreover, the residual strength of damaged ships is an important issue that is related to operations involved in the salvage of wrecked vessels, such as re-floatation and towing.     

有隔墙的圆沉箱贮仓压力数值模拟计算

通过ABAQUS有限元分析软件对圆沉箱弧形仓格、扇形仓格在填料为块石或中砂时,分别进行了数值分析,并对比了数值模拟结果与现行规范矩形仓格的计算结果。分析表明有限元模型计算所得的沉箱中上部水平贮仓压力比规范公式计算值偏小,仓格底部模拟值大于规范公式计算值。工程设计中应将规范公式计算结果适当修正后采用。     

Simplified analytical method for evaluating web girder crushing during ship collision and grounding

The paper presents a simplified analytical method to examine the crushing resistance of web girders subjected to local static or dynamic in-plane loads. A new theoretical model, inspired by existing simplified approaches, is developed to describe the progressive plastic deformation behaviour of web girders. It is of considerable practical importance to estimate the extent of structural deformation within ship web girders during collision and grounding accidents. In this paper, new formulae to evaluate this crushing force are proposed on the basis of a new folding deformation mode. The folding deformation of web girders is divided into two parts, plastic deformation and elastic buckling zones, which are not taken into account for in the existing models. Thus, the proposed formulae can well express the crushing deformation behaviour of the first and subsequent folds. They are validated with experimental results of web girder found in literature and actual numerical simulations performed by the explicit LS-DYNA finite element solver. The elastic buckling zone, which absorbs almost zero energy, is captured and confirmed by the numerical results. In addition, the analytical method derives expressions to estimate the average strain rate of the web girders during the impact process and evaluates the material strain rate sensitivity with the Cowper-Symonds constitutive model. These adopted formulae, validated with an existing drop weight impact test, can well capture the dynamic effect of web girders.