ISM Code对船舶保险除外责任的影响

本文在简要介绍ISMcode和船舶保险除外责任的基础上,通过阐述ISM规则实施对船舶保险除外责任的影响,从一个方面揭示ISMcode对整个船舶保险业的巨大影响。     

严格履行ISM规则,确保船舶安全作业

ISM规则的台出和实施对船舶的安全管理产生重大的影响,ISM规则实施多年来,对船舶安全管理也带来了新的变化。通过剖析ISM规则对船舶安全作业的具体规定和要求,提出了进一步提高船舶安全作业管理水平的对策。     

ISM规则对海运业的影响

ISM规则的宗旨,是要建立一个船舶安全营运和防止污染的国际标准,这意味着规则将直接对船舶营运管理产生约束作用.由此可见,ISM规则的实施必定会对海运业各方面的关系带来不同程度的影响,尤其是在船东责任限制、承运人的责任和保险人的责任等方面.     

ISM规则下有关船舶适航的法律适用问题

海事司法实务中,作为国际公约的ISM规则在国内适用,势必对船舶适航的认定产生重大影响。肯定了ISM规则对航行于国际航线的我国船舶适用所具备的条件,并阐明在船舶适航方面ISM规则适用的法律依据。     

实施ISM规则的几个关键问题

在IMO 1993年11月第18届大会上,通过A.741(18)决议,采纳了<国际船舶安全营运及防污染管理规则>(ISM规则).1994年5月的IMOMSC(63)会议上,把ISM规则纳入SOLAS公约,新增第Ⅸ章<船舶安全营运管理>,从而使ISM规则的要求成为强制性实施的要求,ISM规则为船舶安全和防污染操作提供了一个国际标准.     

船舶涉及国际公约ISM典型缺陷介绍

ISM规则将于2002年7月1日对所有国际航行船舶强制实施，全球在2002年7月1日至10月1日间实施ISM规则大检查，且各港口国备忘录组织也明确表示2002年将以加强对ISM的检查作为PSC检查的重点。随着船公司对ISM规则理解得以逐步深入，船公司安全管理体系的运行也日臻完善，但由于船上人员对各种公约条款不或未能充分理解，致使船舶安全管理体系的运行未能满足公约的有关要求，在PSC检查及ISM审核时，容易出现缺陷，严重时甚至导致船舶滞留。以下笔者根据几年来船舶审核的经验，参照近两年PSC检查和ISM缺陷记录，结合公约的相关要求，对涉及国际公约的船舶ISM典型缺陷作了归纳整理，以期船公司更好地熟悉理解公约的有关条款，船舶安全管理体系更加有效地运行，确保船舶顺利地通过PSC检查，实现船舶的正常营运。     

基于移动互联网实施船舶安全管理规则的探讨

国际海事组织第十八届大会通过的《国际船舶安全营运和防止污染管理规则》(ISM规则),已自1998年7月1日起开始实施,至2002年7月1日全面实施。我国政府主管机关,还制定了《中华人民共和国船舶安全营运和防止污染管理规则》(NSM规则),自2003年1月1日开始实施,逐步对国内航行的各类船舶生效。ISM规则和NSM规则的实施,极大地促进我国航运业健康发展,提高了我国航运企业的安全管理     

ISM规则的实施对船舶消防的影响及其对策

此文分析了ISM规则的实施给船舶消防安全管理所带来的影响，提出了提高我国船舶消防安全管理水平的对策。     

ISM规则对船舶适航的影响

ISM规则(国际安全管理规则)已经在全球范围内对所有的船舶强制实施，它给海上运输的各方都带来了巨大的影响。笔者就规则对船舶适航内容的增加、对船东适航保证要求的提高以及对传统适航中各方责任分担的改变所产生的积极影响进行了论述，并指出由规则的实施，在使船舶安全管理水平上了一个新台阶的同时，也过分增加了船东的适航保证责任。     

ISM规则对海上保险的影响

本文讨论了实施ISM规则对海上保险的影响,针对其对海上保险中的船舶适航、举证责任、故意恶行、告知和陈述等方面的影响进行了阐述。     

基于ISM规则的安全文化建设

ISM规则提供的是体系化的科学管理方法,总结和借鉴了世界许多领域现代化的管理经验,特别是航运安全管理的经验,是对国际航运安全文化的重大发展。通过ISM规则对安全文化建设的分析,提出航运企业安全文化建设的途径。     

香港地区实施ISM工作现状及思考

文中介绍了香港地区实施ISM规则(国际安全管理规则)机构、立法及实施的相关情况,着重分析了《香港商船(安全)条例》涉及ISM规则的有关规定和执行,总结了香港地区航运公司管理和实施ISM规则的特点,提出了国内ISM/NSM规则的实施及相关工作的建议。     

基于国际安全管理规则的安全管理观念和方法

分析ISM规则所创导的船舶安全管理观念的基本出发点和安全管理方法中的主要依据和具体方法,认为提高对ISM规则的理解和认识,可促进船舶安全和防污染工作的有效开展。     

ISM规则对海上保险的影响

就ISM规则的实施对海上保险的影响进行了介绍,规则对被保险人的告知义务、默示保证、重要情况的认定及保险人举证方面产生的影响;在责任险方面,符合规则规定将是保赔协会作为承保责任险的条件。     

The human talent and its role in ISM Code effectiveness and competitiveness in the shipping industry

The present study empirically evaluates the role of human talent in the effective implementation of quality management systems in the shipping industry context. Specifically, we analyze the relationships among top management commitment to quality, ISM (International Safety Management) Code effectiveness and competitiveness as well as we assess the influence of talent in these associations. We test our research hypotheses using a sample of 199 shipping companies located in Greece. The findings show that ISM Code effectiveness acts as a mediator between top management commitment and shipping company competitiveness, while the different talent philosophies were found to moderate this relationship.     

ISM Code implementation: an investigation of safety issues in the shipping industry

Acknowledging that shipping safety continues to be a major topic of interest in the maritime community, the present study attempts to identify the critical factors of International Safety Management (ISM) Code implementation, to identify the dimensions that describe whether the ISM Code has fulfilled its intended purpose as well as to assess their interrelationships. Moreover, the present study aims to explore whether the fulfillment of the Code’s intended purpose is associated with accident reduction. Evidence was drawn from a sample of 63 masters and chief officers who have hands-on onboard experience on ISM Code implementation and data were analyzed through the use of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), correlation analysis, and binomial logistic regression. Findings indicate that the critical factors of ISM Code implementation can be categorized in the crew-related and the company-related dimensions. Also, the fulfillment of the intended purpose of the ISM Code consists of the factors of safety management system efficiency and increased safety, which were also found to be significantly associated with the crew-related dimension of ISM Code implementation. Finally, results showed that both safety management system efficiency and increased safety increase the probability of accident reduction at the highest level.     

An empirical assessment of ISM Code effectiveness on performance: the role of ISO certification

ABSTRACT

Although the introduction of the International Safety Management (ISM) Code aimed at increasing the safety standards in the maritime industry, several studies conducted so far argue for its inability to successfully fulfill its goals. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the ISM Code effectiveness by drawing analogy from similar applications of ISO 9001 effectiveness in service companies. It also aims to determine its impact on firm performance and differentiate between ISO and non-ISO-certified shipping companies. Findings indicate that ISM Code effectiveness consists of two dimensions, namely continuous improvement and customer satisfaction focus, and the significance of its contribution on improving company performance is revealed, especially in the case of ISO-certified shipping companies. Moreover, the continuous improvement dimension was found to affect performance at a greater extent.     

Critical factors for successful implementation of the ISM Code in some Pacific Islands states

Although the International Safety Management (ISM) Code was fully implemented from July 1st 2002, not all countries signatories to the Code, particularly developing countries such as Pacific Islands states, are successful in the introduction and implementation of the instrument. In this paper, we aim to determine factors that facilitate the successful implementation of the ISM Code particularly for the above-named region. Through a thorough literature review, a model of 11 critical factors for the Code implementation success was proposed. These factors were empirically tested using the triangulation of a survey of a group of maritime administration personnel and shipping companies in Fiji and two indepth interviews with senior officers in the Samoa Maritime Administration during the period June–August 2007. The proposed factors were verified by both survey respondents and interview informants, i.e., that maritime safety awareness rooted in a safety culture, senior management commitment and leadership across organisations and the industry, employee involvement and empowerment, enforcement capability of flag state administrations, application of quality management principles in safety management systems, rationalisation of documentation, among others, are essential to the successful implementation of the Code. This research hopes to contribute to the literature and to provide maritime administrations and shipping companies in the Pacific Islands states with additional reference and information that will help expedite the effective implementation of the ISM Code. The need for future research directions is expressed in this paper. Additional investigations, e.g., conducting the same research in other Pacific Islands states as well as in other developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region, would enhance the validity and reliability of this study’s findings.     

The ISM Code and the ISPS Code: A critical legal analysis of two SOLAS regimes

Within the comprehensive body of law encompassed by the International Convention on Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 (SOLAS), there are two regimes that are topical and outstanding in the current maritime milieu. These are the international safety management and the international ship and port facility regimes, both characterized by two codes serving as the centre of gravity of each, namely, the ISM Code and the ISPS Code, respectively. In this article the concept of the code as a legal instrument is perused following which a critical legal analysis is carried out of the two above-mentioned Codes, including their backgrounds, the evolutionary process culminating into the regimes and their interrelationships. Several anomalies and inadequacies in the two regimes are identified but in the final analysis it is concluded that both instruments are salutary additions to the body of convention law generated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). They will undoubtedly influence the continuing development of international law in the field of maritime safety and security.