船体梁刚度对波激振动影响的比较研究

船舶大型化发展的趋势使得其尺度越来越大,而结构轻量化设计的需求则使高强度钢被大量应用于其结构设计之中,相对于传统的小尺度船舶,相对刚度的下降使得船体梁变得越来越"软",这将导致大型船舶在波浪中航行时船体结构波激振动特性发生变化。采用模型试验和理论预报的方法,研究某大型工程船在不同船体梁刚度下的低频和高频垂向波浪载荷响应。分段试验模型采用2种横剖面惯性矩的钢质梁,用以分别模拟船舶横剖面原始的和变化后的刚度。采用三维水弹性理论对该船在波浪中的响应进行预报,并与模型试验结果进行比较。结果显示:小刚度的船体梁更易在波浪中发生波激振动;频繁的波激振动将导致结构发生严重的疲劳损伤问题。这种刚度变化对船体梁波激振动的影响规律表明,有必要将刚度作为大型船舶结构优化设计的重要参数之一。     

VLCC在波浪中弹性响应的理论与模型试验研究

商船的大型化发展使得船长变得越来越长.这将导致大型船舶在大洋中航行时船体梁产生由于流固耦合作用引起的波激振动和砰击颤振.文章采用模型试验和理论预报方法研究了一艘VLCC在满载和压载条件下的低频和高频垂向波浪载荷响应特性.试验模型长度超过6m,采用两根非均匀截面梁来连接模型分段,并在分段处测量模型横剖面处的垂向弯矩.理论计算采用二维非线性切片理论和三维线性水弹性理论,预报结果和模型试验结果进行了比较.分析发现船体梁的波激振动易在小波高和低波浪周期下发生,尤其是船体梁的两节点垂向湿谐振频率为遭遇波浪频率整数倍的时候.波幅增大后,船体梁还将发生砰击颤振.波浪持续激励时波激振动和砰击颤振往往会耦合发生,由于船体梁小结构阻尼的影响,目前的技术手段难以从船体梁总振动中把它们分离开来.船舶的装载条件会对船体梁的振动特性尤其是波激振动产生较大的影响,研究发现压载条件下的波激振动响应要比满载条件下的严重,在已有文献中提到这种影响的机理在文中得到了模型试验和理论计算的再验证.     

铝合金穿浪双体船波激振动响应计算研究

对穿浪型双体船在波浪中航行时的受载状况进行研究,采用规则波理论计算其所受波浪外载荷。利用有限元法建立了铝合金穿浪双体船波激振动响应数值计算模型。基于水弹性理论,采用所建立的数值模型对某全铝合金穿浪双体船高海情试验进行了数值模拟,将数值模拟结果与实船试验数据进行了比较,证明本文方法可靠。进行了该船受6级海况波浪激励的振动响应计算,发现全铝合金穿浪双体船波激振动位移响应较大,远大于常规单体船。还发现高海情中航行时的波激振动应力响应值亦较大。     

基于模型试验与三维水弹性理论的船舶波激振动响应研究

船体波激振动使得船体结构中产生高频、持续和具有一定幅值的振动应力,可能引起结构发生严重的疲劳损伤,因而对船舶结构的安全性带来严峻的挑战。文章以一艘大型LNG船为研究对象,采用三维线性水弹性理论与水池模型试验方法对船舶波激振动响应进行了比较分析,研究了规则波与不规则波中的波激振动特性。改变该LNG船的刚度,并保持船型、重量分布等其它主船体特征不变,在模型试验和理论计算中探讨了刚度对波激振动的影响。通过两种刚度船体梁的模型试验与理论计算结果的比较分析,给出了波浪周期和船体刚度的变化对波激振动影响的几点结论。     

超大型矿砂船波激振动及颤振研究

为研究超大型矿砂船的波激振动和颤振现象,通过某超大型矿砂船波浪载荷和合成载荷的预报计算,并将计算结果和模型试验结果比较,给出了该船的波浪载荷特征.研究表明:波激振动是一种船体结构与波浪载荷间的共振现象,它和颤振都是船舶在波浪中运动时产生的高阶振动.一般地,波浪周期较短且波高较小时,大型船舶容易产生波激振动现象,然而,在大波高时,船体往往会由砰击引起颤振,但由于振动衰减阻尼很小,较难区分此时产生的是波激振动还是砰击振动或者是其组合.因而高阶波浪矩包含了波激和砰击颤振成分.波激振动在该类超大型船舶的总波浪载荷中占有很大的比例,且在不同航线上的影响程度也不同.研究结果对该船及同类超大型船舶的结构设计具有重要意义.     

波激振动和砰击颤振对大型油船疲劳强度影响研究

文章给出线性波激振动和砰击颤振引起的大型油船结构疲劳贡献度的计算方法。基于三维线性水弹性理论可计算得到包括刚体和2节点的振动模态下的垂向弯矩的传递函数,采用谱分析法对某30万吨油船进行结构疲劳强度计算,分析波激振动对船体结构疲劳损伤影响;基于二维非线性波浪载荷程序（含砰击颤振的波浪载荷）,采用时域方法对该油船进行船体梁弯矩计算,分析砰击颤振对船体梁弯矩及疲劳载荷的影响;结果表明对于该类大型油船波激振动和砰击颤振对船体的结构疲劳损伤的影响不可忽略。     

箱型超大型浮体在规则波中的运动响应

对箱型超大型浮体的波激振动响应作了理论背景的介绍。根据结构特点与响应特征，用旨性薄板理论简化结构，用边界元法计算流体动力，并用模态综合法计算波激振动响应。在计算中考虑了弹性振动模态与流场的相互作用。对超大型浮体模型试验的数值试验的数值模拟证明了理论计算的可行性和有效性。     

超大型 VLCC 波激振动和砰击振动模型试验研究

船舶的波激振动和砰击振动对船舶结构的安全性有较大影响。文章以一艘超大型 VLCC 为研究对象,通过变截面梁分段模型试验方法对船舶在规则波和不规则波中波激振动和砰击振动响应进行了比较分析,介绍了船模波浪载荷试验中模型的设计原则,通过静水试验得到了船体梁垂向振动频率特性、振动阻尼和静水兴波弯矩等参数,通过规则波和不规则波试验分析了波高、波浪周期和装载状态等因素对波激振动和砰击振动的影响。该文的研究结果对大型船舶的结构设计具有一定的指导意义。     

浅水FPSO垂荡和纵摇运动的低频响应

对软刚臂系泊FPSO在浅水不规则波作用下的垂荡和纵摇运动响应进行数值计算与模型试验研究,水深16.7 m.试验中的波浪校验结果显示,在波浪谱中出现明显低频长波成分.计算结果与试验结果均显示,垂荡和纵摇波浪力、运动响应既有传统的波频成分,也出现显著低于波浪频率的低频成分,而且低频响应的能量和幅值甚至会远大于波频响应.垂荡和纵摇运动的低频响应不具有能量集中的共振频率,而是具有较宽的低频能量分布.这种显著低频响应的出现,与浅水中低频长波的存在有关,表明其不仅对系泊FPSO水平面运动性能影响极大,也会显著影响垂荡和纵摇这类垂直面运动的波浪力和运动响应,在理论预报时需要予以重视.     

潜体波浪中近水面不同潜深和航向时运动和波浪力计算

本文对潜水细长体波浪中近水面运动和波浪力的计算，采用STF理论和Frank源分布紧密拟合方法预报波频运动和波浪力响应；采用Newman细长体方法和3－D修正处理计算垂直面低速潜体的二阶平均波浪与与力矩。该方法和计算程序的实用性和可靠性已经被多次模型结果比较，验证所证实。本文以某一国外典型潜艇为例，计算了七种潜深，七种相浪向下艇体的近水面波频运动响应与波浪力响应，给出了几种运动与波浪力参数变化与浪向变化的计算实例，同时还给出采用线性叠加原理得出的波频运动与波浪力时域历程曲线实例。     

55万吨矿砂船弹振响应分析（英文）

The desire to benefit from economy of scale is one of the major driving forces behind the continuous growth in ship sizes. However, models of new large ships need to be thoroughly investigated to determine the carrier's response in waves. In this work, experimental and numerical assessments of the motion and load response of a 550,000 DWT ore carrier are performed using prototype ships with softer stiffness, and towing tank tests are conducted using a segmented model with two schemes of softer stiffness. Numerical analyses are performed employing both rigid body and linear hydroelasticity theories using an in-house program and a comparison is then made between experimental and numerical results to establish the influence of stiffness on the ore carrier's springing response. Results show that softer stiffness models can be used when studying the springing response of ships in waves.     

Estimation of springing response for 550 000 DWT ore carrier

The desire to benefit from economy of scale is one of the major driving forces behind the continuous growth in ship sizes. However, models of new large ships need to be thoroughly investigated to determine the carrier’s response in waves. In this work, experimental and numerical assessments of the motion and load response of a 550,000 DWT ore carrier are performed using prototype ships with softer stiffness, and towing tank tests are conducted using a segmented model with two schemes of softer stiffness. Numerical analyses are performed employing both rigid body and linear hydroelasticity theories using an in-house program and a comparison is then made between experimental and numerical results to establish the influence of stiffness on the ore carrier’s springing response. Results show that softer stiffness models can be used when studying the springing response of ships in waves.     

Investigation of springing in ship structures using experimental methods and 3-D hydroelastic theory

Large and long ships experience springing behavior. Depending on the trade routes and design of such ocean-going ships, wave-induced vibrations may be due to springing and whipping effects. In this paper, we address the wave-induced vibrations in an ultra-large ore carrier under fully loaded and ballast conditions. The experimental measurements from tests performed using a flexible model of the ship were compared with the numerical predictions from 3-D hydro-elastic theory (THAFTS) (Wu, Hydroelasticity of floating bodies. PH.D thesis, Brunel University, 1984). The measurements showed multiple frequencies between the encountered wave frequency and the 2-node bending frequency that occurred only in ballast conditions, whereas the springing vibrations were more apparent with forward speed under ballast conditions in both regular and irregular waves. The numerical method predicted the vertical bending moment quite well in the fully loaded condition but underestimated it in the ballast condition. This result was primarily due to an inability to capture the prediction of the multiple frequencies between the encountered wave frequency and the 2-node bending frequency. Using THAFTS, a new ship form with a deep draft was introduced, and this vessel was shown to reduce springing vibrations.     

基于不同试验方法和非线性水弹性时域理论的鞭振弹振响应研究

船体主尺度增大会导致严重的鞭振和弹振现象,这会增大船体结构的极限载荷和疲劳损伤.为了深入探究船体的振动响应,文中在拖曳水池对某万箱集装箱船分别进行了分段模型的自航和拖航试验.分析了不同海况下自航和拖航这两种试验方式对鞭振和弹振响应的影响.为计及不同振动频率成分对载荷响应的影响,提出一种考虑波浪记忆效应的非线性水弹性方法.文中提出了一种求解延时函数的方法,能够解决高频区域的阻尼系数的计算限制.最后,船舯弯矩试验结果分别和线性与非线性理论结果进行了比较,发现文中提出的非线性方法能够更好地预报弹性船体的振动响应.     

Experimental and numerical investigation of fatigue damage due to wave-induced vibrations in a containership in head seas

Fatigue cracks have been known to occur in welded ships for several decades. For large ocean-going ships wave-induced vibrations can, depending on trade and design, cause up to 50% of the fatigue damage. The vibrations may be due to springing and whipping effects. In this paper, we address the fatigue damage caused by wave-induced vibrations in a containership of newer design trading in the North Atlantic. The fatigue damage was obtained both experimentally and numerically. The experimental results were found from tests performed with a flexible model of the ship, while the numerical predictions were done using nonlinear hydroelastic strip theory. The measurements showed that the wave-induced vibrations contributed approximately 40% of the total fatigue damage. The numerical method predicted the wave frequency damage well, but was found to overestimate the total fatigue damage by 50%. This was mainly due to an overprediction of the wave-induced vibrations. The discrepancy is partly related to three-dimensional (3D) effects which are not included in the two-dimensional (2D) slamming calculation, and partly to an overprediction of the springing contribution. Moreover, the numerical method does not account for the steady wave due to forward speed. By using a simplified approach we show that high-frequency damage can be significantly reduced by including the steady wave for the relevant vessel, implying better agreement with the experimental results.     

船舶在波浪中的水平弯曲——扭转耦合响应水弹性分析

本文以二维反对称水弹性理论分析了大开口船体结构的弯扭耦合响应。分析中船体结构简化为Ｔｉｍｏｓｈｅｎｋｏ梁,流体的作用以切片理论来考虑。计算结果和模型试验结果吻合良好,这为大开口船舶的弯扭耦合分析提供了有效简便的计算方法。     

An approach to estimating the hull girder response of a ship due to springing

This article describes an estimation method for the hull girder response of a ship due to springing. The linear and nonlinear springing effects on the hull girder are evaluated. Previous studies on the springing response focused mainly on the symmetric response, or vertical response. In this article, however, the springing analysis is extended to asymmetric responses, or horizontal and torsional responses. The Timoshenko beam model was used to calculate the hull girder response and the quadratic strip method was employed to calculate hydrodynamic forces and moments on the hull. To remove irregular frequencies, a rigid lid was adopted on the hull free surface level and hydrodynamic coefficients were interpolated for asymptotic values. Applications to two ships for the symmetric and asymmetric responses were carried out and the effect of springing responses is also discussed.     

Stochastic wave spectra estimation (SWSE) based on response surface methodology considering uncertainty in transfer functions of a ship

In this paper, a new wave spectra estimation method is proposed in which the frequency domain wave estimation method (FDWE) is extended into a probabilistic analytical framework in order to estimate the encountered sea states involving uncertainty in transfer functions of a ship. The proposed method, named the Stochastic Wave Spectra Estimation (SWSE), makes use of an Hermite polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) to represent the uncertainty in the transfer functions and the response surfaces. The method involves a mathematical formulation where an extension of the deterministic FDWE concept to the space of random variables is made. The proposed method can accurately and easily estimate the encountered wave spectra based on ship response measurements accounting for uncertainty in the transfer functions. In this paper, numerical and experimental investigations of the proposed SWSE are made, where the uncertainties in the transfer functions of heave and pitch motions of a containership are taken into account. The validity of the SWSE is demonstrated by comparison to results of uncertainty analyses through the Monte-Carlo simulations (MCS).