某科考船螺旋桨空泡和脉动压力性能试验

为准确预报螺旋桨的空泡性能和脉动压力性能,以某科考船螺旋桨为研究对象,分别在空泡水筒和减压水池进行空泡和脉动压力模型试验。对荷兰MARIN减压水池的试验方案进行论述,并对比分析空泡水筒和减压水池的试验结果。试验结果表明:目标船螺旋桨的空泡性能优秀,在11 kn航速工况下,螺旋桨无任何型式的空泡出现;在11 kn和15 kn航速工况下,螺旋桨的脉动压力非常小,该船的螺旋桨不会引起振动问题。螺旋桨应能满足挪威船级社DNV-GL Silent-R的低噪声要求。     

减压拖曳水池中螺旋桨空泡诱导的船体脉动压力测量方法研究

本文介绍了在减压拖曳水池中进行的有关螺旋桨空泡诱导船尾脉动压力的实验方法的开拓性研究。区别于常规的水筒测量方法，它有其独特的优点，文中给出院 某多功能货船舶模配以两个不同螺旋桨在大气压和减压条件下的测量结果，展现了减压拖曳水池适合于研究螺旋浆空泡诱导船尾脉动压力的明显优势。     

斜流下螺旋桨空泡及脉动压力数值预报研究

空泡性能是船舶螺旋桨重要的水动力性能之一。由于桨轴存在倾斜安装角，船舶在水面航行时，螺旋桨的进流条件主要为斜流工况。为研究斜流工况下螺旋桨的空泡形态及空泡脉动压力特性，论文基于黏流CFD方法针对PC456螺旋桨标模开展了斜流下螺旋桨空泡及脉动压力数值模拟研究，并与大型空泡水筒中的斜流螺旋桨空泡试验结果进行了比较。结果表明，数值预报的空泡形态、面积和平板表面脉动压力与试验观测及测量的结果吻合较好，验证了数值模拟方法的可靠性。     

空泡水洞中拖式吊舱推进器脉动压力测量及空泡观测

针对吊舱推进器的关键技术,开展拖式吊舱推进器空泡性能和脉动压力的试验研究。试验在海军工程大学空泡水洞实验室进行,观察吊舱推进器桨模在不同工况下空泡发展和变化情况,并用人工观察方式进行整理记录,同时通过螺旋桨正上方区域安装的脉动压力传感器测量脉动压力。对试验结果进行分析,探讨拖式吊舱推进器不同工况下脉动压力和空泡性能的特点和规律及其对水动力性能的影响,为吊舱推进器性能研究及设计提供参考。     

某船用螺旋桨空泡诱导下的脉动压力试验方法

文章分析了由螺旋桨空泡诱导的脉动压力对船体振动的影响及计算方法。为了进一步研究螺旋桨空泡对脉动压力的贡献量,以某船用螺旋桨为对象,分别进行了设计和压载工况下的空泡及无空化时的脉动压力试验。试验结果表明,在相应的测量点处,无空泡下时的对应阶次脉动压力值都低于发生空泡下的值,尽量减小或避免空泡的发生,将可有效减小螺旋桨诱导的脉动压力值,从而减缓船体的振动。     

高低工况螺旋桨空泡性能试验与机桨匹配设计

对某型测量船螺旋桨的脉动压力进行了理论估算,并开展不同螺距比的螺旋桨空泡性能模型试验,预报不同设计工况的空泡性能及脉动压力,获得了不同螺距下的背空泡及面空泡限界,尤其是小螺距比下的面空泡斗特性。在此基础上,针对目标船不同任务模式下的使用要求,结合主机特性,对其高低航速工况进行了机桨匹配优化设计。实船试验结果和使用情况表明,机桨匹配设计较为合理。     

减压拖曳水池中空泡螺旋桨脉动压力测试研究

本文研究了在减压拖曳水池中进行空泡螺旋浆诱导的船尾脉动压力的测试方法，并且测试了某一多功能货船模型的船尾脉动压力，通过测试结果分析，并与相同螺旋浆模型在空泡水筒中的测试结果进行比较，证明了减压拖曳水池中进行空泡螺旋浆脉动压力测试是可行的。     

大型循环水槽吊舱推进器空泡性能试验研究

文章介绍了大型循环水槽实验室利用全附体船模进行了RORO吊舱推进器空泡性能试验研究情况及相应吊舱推进器空泡试验方法,并与Marin试验结果进行了比较。试验结果表明:在相同模型与试验工况下,吊舱推进器螺旋桨叶片上空泡形态及空泡诱导的船体脉动压力与国外Marin试验结果相当。     

螺旋桨诱导船体表面脉动压力预报的试验研究

研究了螺旋桨诱导的船体表面脉动压力试验预报值随空气含量变化的规律及螺旋桨模型空泡形态随含气量变化的规律,并与实桨空泡对比分析;探索了脉动压力试验预报与实桨测量值最接近的空气含量控制准则;比较了螺旋桨模型在船模伴流场和修正后的伴流场中工作时,螺旋桨诱导的船体表面脉动压力预报值及螺旋桨模型空泡形态,与实船测量观察结果进行对比,并就伴流场修正对螺旋桨诱导的船体表面脉动压力试验预报的影响作了探讨;研究了螺旋桨诱导的船体表面脉动压力的预报值随桨模试验转速变化的规律。     

某伴流补偿导管对螺旋桨空泡及 空泡剥蚀性能影响研究

文章介绍了中国船舶科学研究中心大型循环水槽中开展的某散货船有、无伴流补偿导管下螺旋桨空泡、空泡剥蚀性能对比试验研究,并深入分析某伴流补偿导管对空泡形态、空泡剥蚀性能影响及导管设计过程中需注意的问题。试验结果表明:前置伴流补偿导管会增加螺旋桨表面空泡面积及空泡诱导的船体脉动压力一阶叶频分量,且不合适的伴流补偿导管安装方式会增加桨叶空泡剥蚀风险。     

Investigation of cavitation inception characteristics of hydrofoil sections via a viscous approach

Unlike traditional approaches based on potential theory, this work investigated the cavitation inception characteristics of hydrofoil sections by solving Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations. The viscous effects at high Reynolds numbers were taken into account through calculation of the eddy viscosity using a k- model. This viscous approach delivers the lift and drag forces in a more self-contained way, which cannot be obtained directly from the potential theory. A comparison with smooth surface measurements validates the proposed numerical method. Two approaches to include the roughness effects are also described. The predictions of cavitation bucket characteristics based on potential theory are more conservative than those reached by the proposed viscous computations. Hydrofoil sections with different camber ratios, foil thicknesses, and Reynolds numbers were studied numerically. A decrease in the Reynolds number tends to increase the cavitation-free region without changing the shape of the steep region. An increase in foil thickness gives a range increase in the angle of attack where no cavitation is expected. An increase in the camber ratio moves the cavitation-free location of the angle of attack, and slightly increases its range.     

系列头体的空泡试验研究：初生空泡与发展空泡形态

学了掌握空泡形态及空泡水动力特征，为工程设计提供依据，本文对五个典型头体在不同空泡数，不同攻角条件下肩空泡形态特征进行了水洞试验研究，建立了平头系列轴对称体在不同攻角条件下的初生空泡数和发展空泡特征几何参数的工程计算公式。     

翼剖面优化理论在螺旋桨设计和减荷切削中的应用

用Epller的叶剖面设计方法与螺旋浆升力面理论相结合的方法进行了水翼剖面的优化，并将其应用到螺旋桨减振降噪设计中获得了显著的效果，在螺旋桨减荷切削中用优化水翼剖面获得了出奇制胜的成功。     

Dispersion of spilled oil by a cavitating jet at sea

This article presents the possibility of using a high-speed water jet for the dispersion of spilled oil at sea. Laboratory experiments showed that a high-speed water jet is very effective in dispersing heavy oil. Two methods were examined and compared using freshwater. The first method was to disperse an oil layer on the water surface using a cavitating jet ejected upward at an angle of 45°. A target plate was placed at the interface of the water and oil layer to enhance the collapse of cavitating bubbles. The second method was to eject a high-speed water jet vertically downward from the air. A guide plate with a guide hole was placed under the oil layer with no target plate as such. The second method showed an improved dispersion ability and thus its effectiveness was examined using an oil layer on seawater. The dispersion of oil was better in seawater than in freshwater, probably because seawater contains natural surfactants.     

Prediction of tip vortex cavitation inception using coupled spherical and nonspherical bubble models and Navier–Stokes computations

A spherical and a nonspherical bubble dynamics models were developed to study cavitation inception, scaling, and dynamics in a vortex flow. The spherical model is a modified Rayleigh–Plesset model to account for bubble slip velocity and for nonuniform pressures around the bubble. The nonspherical model is embedded in an unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes code with appropriate free-surface boundary conditions and a moving chimera grid scheme around the bubble. The effect of nonspherical deformation and bubble/flow interaction on bubble dynamics is illustrated by comparing spherical and nonspherical models. It is shown that nonspherical deformations and bubble/flow interactions are important for an accurate prediction of cavitation inception. The surface-averaged pressure-modified Rayleigh–Plesset scheme is a significant improvement over the conventional spherical model, and is able to capture the volume changes of a bubble during its capture. It is also a fast scheme for studying scaling. In a preliminary study, the scaling effects on cavitation inception were examined using two different Reynolds numbers owing to two different chord lengths. The nuclei-size effect on the prediction of cavitation inception was also studied, and its important effects are highlighted.     

船舶柴油机连杆大端轴瓦镀层剥落研究

本文采用金相显微镜和冷场发射扫描电镜对轴瓦损坏部位进行磨损形貌观察分析,对连杆大端轴承进行系统的轴心轨迹、油膜压力计算,重点分析运行过程中轴承各部位滑油压力分布及其在0～720°曲轴转角范围内滑油压力的变化,最终得出损坏的原因是穴蚀.     

Hydrodynamic response of a passive shape-adaptive composite hydrofoil

The primary objective of this paper is to present cavitation tunnel tests performed on an optimised shape-adaptive composite hydrofoil and compare the results to other composite hydrofoils. The optimised composite hydrofoil was designed based on prior literature and was manufactured using an optimised ply orientation schedule and a pre-twist. In the same experiment schedule a composite hydrofoil that has a ply orientation that is opposite to the optimised hydrofoil was also tested. In addition to the cavitation tunnel experiments, the paper also presents results predicted from FEA and CFD simulations for the optimised hydrofoil and compares the results from numerical methods to experiments. The results show that the optimised hydrofoil has an improved L/D ratio and a delayed stall phenomenon compared to other hydrofoils. Furthermore, due to the pre-twisted optimised geometry, the hydrofoil does not suffer from loss of lift at low angles of attack. The experimental results demonstrated the importance of characterising the performance of flexible shape-adaptive hydrofoils based on the actual velocity of the flow in addition to the conventional characterisation based on Reynold's number. Additional numerical simulations were performed to investigate the hydrofoils observed load dependant deformation behaviour. These results clearly show that for the same Reynold's number, the hydrofoil can have an appreciably different response if the flow velocity is different.     

螺旋桨非定常片空泡CFD数值方法研究

应用雷诺平均的N-S方程结合改进VOF空化模型模拟了螺旋桨非定常片空泡。应用全六面体网格对螺旋桨模型计算域进行了网格划分,数值计算中通过计算螺旋桨敞水性能对计算方法进行了验证。应用SST-SAS湍流模型及修正的VOF空化模型模拟了HG01螺旋桨非定常片空泡,该数值方法对螺旋桨片空泡的发展过程和形状与实验结果吻合良好。     

高抗汽蚀泵的气蚀性能的数值模拟与试验研究

本文是以某特殊用高抗汽蚀泵为研究模型,采用CFD数值模拟技术,基于RNG的k-ε湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法,对泵内部流场进行定常数值模拟,并进行了汽蚀计算。对比试验结果和数值模拟结果得出,数值计算可以较好的预测泵的汽蚀性能,为高抗汽蚀泵的设计和研发提供了基础。     

高升阻比翼型优化及其节能轴支架设计

用Eppler的叶剖面设计方法与解N-S方程相结合的方法进行水翼剖面的优化，并给出了将其应用到螺旋桨节能轴支架设计中获得的显著节能效果的试验结果，空泡试验结果也证明了这种设计方法是成功的。节能轴支架的设计思想还被推广应用到单桨船上，开发出了扇形预旋导管。