斜向波对斜坡堤胸墙波浪力的折减效应研究

总结对比了国内外现有斜向波作用下直立堤和斜坡堤胸墙波浪力折减计算方法。以北非某港口新建斜坡堤为例进行计算,并与二维、三维物理模型试验结果对比验证。结果表明：波向角呈30°作用于斜坡堤时,van Gent公式计算的单位堤长波浪力折减系数与实测值最接近,各直立堤单位堤长波浪力折减公式对斜坡堤胸墙计算整体偏保守;Mares-Nasarre公式计算的总波浪力纵向折减系数与实测值整体吻合较好,但未考虑水平力与浮托力的折减效应差异,与试验结果仍存在一定偏差;李玉成等的直立堤总波浪力纵向折减公式不适用本斜坡堤胸墙算例。研究成果可为类似港口工程提供参考。     

密排桩基防波堤波浪力试验分析

针对密排桩基防波堤波浪力计算的问题,基于某密排桩基防波堤工程,进行密排桩基防波堤波浪力的物理模型试验研究。结果表明：密排桩基防波堤波浪力计算可采用直墙式建筑物波浪力理论公式,OCDI公式结果与试验值较接近;波浪力沿堤身轴线呈现堤身大、堤头小的趋势;斜向浪对密排桩基防波堤波浪力有一定影响,可采用Goda 公式折减系数进行近似评估。     

具有初始挠度的板架结构承载特性分析

为探讨具有初始挠度的板架结构轴向受压时的承载特性,本文采用MSC.Nastran建立了具有初始挠度的板架结构模型,分析了初始挠度及其大小对结构的影响,根据应力等效原理拟合了挠曲板架结构轴向受压时的相当面积公式。结果表明,随着初始挠度的增加,板架主要变形方式逐渐由压缩转换为弯曲,其承载能力大幅下降;初始挠度越大,板架承载能力越弱;相当面积折减系数随着初始挠度的增加呈现先缓慢减小随后迅速降低最终平减小的变化趋势,结构中横向(垂直于轴向)应力随着初始挠度的增加不断增大。     

具有初始挠度的板架结构承载特性分析

为探讨具有初始挠度的板架结构轴向受压时的承载特性,本文采用MSC. Nastran建立了具有初始挠度的板架结构模型,分析了初始挠度及其大小对结构的影响,根据应力等效原理拟合了挠曲板架结构轴向受压时的相当面积公式。结果表明,随着初始挠度的增加,板架主要变形方式逐渐由压缩转换为弯曲,其承载能力大幅下降;初始挠度越大,板架承载能力越弱;相当面积折减系数随着初始挠度的增加呈现先缓慢减小随后迅速降低最终平减小的变化趋势,结构中横向(垂直于轴向)应力随着初始挠度的增加不断增大。     

极地低温和凹陷损伤下加筋板极限强度的参数敏感性分析

为了快速评估含船冰碰撞凹陷损伤下加筋板在轴向压缩载荷作用下的极限强度，本文采用非线性有限元法对低温凹陷损伤加筋板的极限强度进行研究。根据EH36钢在低温下的材料力学性能试验，通过折减因子评估法，基于完整加筋板在轴向压缩下极限强度的经验公式，提出以加筋板柔度和加筋板壳板柔度为变化参数，采用最小二乘法拟合折减系数，得到低温含凹陷损伤加筋板剩余极限强度的经验公式。结果表明，相比于凹陷长度和凹陷深度，凹陷宽度对加筋板极限强度的影响较大；对比分析凹陷损伤加筋板极限强度的经验公式和有限元法的计算结果，误差较小，验证了船冰碰撞凹陷损伤下加筋板的极限强度快速评估方法的准确性。     

粘土层钢管桩承载特性试验研究与计算分析

本文通过桩基试验得出的桩基承载力,论证采用公式计算得出的结果的可靠性。同时,利用公式反演提出港口桩基规范计算承载力的折减系数在本地区粘土层的具体取值范围,为今后本地区类似工程设计、施工提供借鉴。     

集中荷载作用下钢筋混凝土空心铰接板的简易计算

根据空心铰接板有限条法的计算结果，采用数理统计的方法进行回归分析，得出板的纵向应力σｙ，横向应力σｘ以及挠度Ｗ的实用解析式。     

复合夹层板弯曲挠度的一种近似计算方法

基于Hoff夹层板理论对夹层板弯曲挠度计算提出一种近似计算方法,将夹层板的面板和芯材在横向载荷作用下产生的挠度值分别计算,然后合成相加得到夹层板的总挠度分布。避免了引入夹层板截面转角这两个未知量,仅应用单层薄板的挠度解即可求得夹层板挠度的分布。算例表明,当面板厚度与芯材厚度之比小于<0.67时,本方法计算出的挠度值与Hoff理论的计算结果误差很小,可以替代Hoff理论来进行夹层板挠度的计算。     

简支梁桥上CRTS Ⅱ型板式轨道墩台挠曲力研究

根据简支梁桥上CRTS Ⅱ型板式轨道的结构特点,运用有限元软件建立了墩台挠曲力的计算模型,分析了底座与桥梁间的滑动层摩擦系数、墩台水平线刚度、扣件纵向阻力和轨道板、底座刚度折减系数对墩台挠曲力的影响。计算结果表明,墩台挠曲力随墩台水平线刚度的增大而增大,基本成线形关系;滑动层摩擦系数、刚度折减系数对墩台挠曲力有较大影响,而扣件纵向阻力的影响可忽略不计。     

具有初挠度的四边简支带纵向加劲板的受压试验研究

通过对具有初挠度的四边简支带纵向加戏板进行受压试验和实测门机臂架试验，对照用变分法导具有初挠度四边简支受压板的计算结果，寻求门座式起重机臂架失稳状态的在线检测机理。该结论也适用于集装箱桥式起重机箱形结构受夺翼板。     

An approximate method to generate average stress–strain curve with the effect of residual stresses for rectangular plates under uniaxial compression in ship structures

The average stress–strain curve for rectangular plates under uniaxial compression in ship hull structures is generated on the basis of the existing design formulae. The dual-term equation for ultimate strength of uniaxially compressed plates is employed to generate the average stress–strain curve for long plates. Two alternatives proposed by Faulkner and Frankland, respectively, are considered. An approximate method to take into account the effect of residual stresses is proposed. By investigating the variation of the stress distribution at different stages of compression, the average stress–strain relationship of the rectangular long plates with the effect of residual stresses is derived from equilibrium. The behaviors of the wide plates are also discussed. The assumption proposed by Valsgard for the idealized stress distribution of wide plates under uniaxial compression is adopted. The average stress–strain relationship for wide plates is derived from the existing design formulae. Two equations proposed by Hughes and recommended by API for critical stress of the central portion of the wide plate are considered. The effect of residual stresses is also taken into account for wide plates.     

单向压力作用下有初挠度矩形板的有效宽度和减缩有效宽度

本文应用von－karman大挠度薄板方程，对承受单向面内压力的有初挠度矩形板进行后屈曲特性分析（其中挠曲函数取为双博氏级数展开式的前三项）。用参数摄动法求解非线性代数方程组，得到最大压应力与平均压应力之间，平均压应力与平均应变之间的显式函数表达式。进而推导出有初挠度矩形板的有效宽度和减缩有效宽度公式，并着重分析了两者的不同。     

Probabilistic modelling of the ultimate strength of ship plates with non-uniform corrosion

This paper presents the results of a parametric study of probabilistic modelling of the ultimate strength of ship plates with non-uniform corrosion represented by random fields. The load-shortening behaviour of the plates with non-uniform reduction of thickness due to corrosion under longitudinal compression is obtained using a general-purpose nonlinear finite element analysis program. A nonlinear time-dependent corrosion model is used to define the probabilistic characteristics of the random fields based on corrosion data measured in plate elements at different locations of bulk carriers. Based on the probabilistic models derived by Monte Carlo simulation, equations to predict the mean and the 5 % characteristic value of the ultimate strength of plates with non-uniform corrosion are developed. Finally a regression equation is proposed to take into account the effect of non-uniform corrosion patterns in the predictions of the ultimate strength of plates with uniform corrosion.     

Buckling and ultimate capability of plates and stiffened panels in axial compression

This paper presents extensive non-linear finite element (FE) analysis and formulation development work carried out on the ultimate compressive strength of plates and stiffened panels of ship structures. A review of contemporary designs for large ships was carried out. The existing formulae for plate ultimate compressive strength were reviewed and compared with non-linear FE analysis results. A semi-analytical formula for ultimate compressive strength assessments of stiffened panels was proposed and is described. The developed formula was verified against results using ABAQUS non-linear FE software for a series of 61 stiffened panels and a good agreement between the proposed formula and FE results were achieved. The method was verified against a large number of published FE results and was also compared with 58 experimental results. The developed method was also applied to the deck and bottom structures for a range of various sizes oil tankers and bulk carriers.     

A study on scantling formulae of plate members due to lateral pressure under the effect of axial loads

Existing rule scantling formulae of plate members are based on conventional plastic design theory, and do not necessarily reflect complicated plate bending phenomena under axial loads. In this study, we first formulated the effect of axial load on the fully plastic moment based on the von Mises yield criterion for longitudinally stiffened plate in addition to the well-known formula for transversely stiffened plate. In addition, we derived a theoretical formulation of the lateral pressure corresponding to 2-point hinge and 3-point hinge formation taking account of the effect of the additional lateral force due to the axial loads on the deflected plating, using a simple plate strip bending model assuming a long plate with a large aspect ratio.Then, a series of elastic-plastic FE analyses was carried out to verify the structural behavior and the effect of axial load on the plate plastic bending strength. The plate strength was evaluated based on the residual deflection criteria of two cases (0.26 mm and 4.0 mm), and the results were compared with the theoretical derivation. As a result, it was found that assumption of linear strength reduction to the axial stress can cover the transversely stiffened plate under compressive axial stress conservatively. As to the transversely stiffened plate under tensile axial stress and the longitudinally stiffened plate, the strength reduction was in accordance with the reduction in the fully plastic moment based on the von Mises yield criterion in the conservative side. Finally, based on the findings, the required plate thickness coefficients were proposed on an empirical basis both for transversely and longitudinally stiffened plate under compressive and tensile axial loads.     

A detailed finite element investigation of the effects of local lateral high-velocity impacts on the ultimate strength of unstiffened steel plates subjected to uniaxial in-plane compression

In this paper, the ultimate strength of unstiffened steel plates under uniaxial in-plane compression is numerically studied considering the local lateral impact of a rigid-body impactor. The plates are made of mild steel, where its behaviour is modelled by using the Johnson-Cook material model. The material parameters of the Johnson-Cook material model calibrated by the authors were employed for predicting the behaviour of the target in order to numerically reproduce the impact tests. The value of average in-plane stress of the plates is determined accounting for the collision of rigid-body impactor with masses of 50–150 gr and velocities of 400–1200 m/s. Moreover, the effects of stress waves induced as a result of lateral impact of the rigid-body impactor on the ultimate strength of the plates under uniaxial in-plane compression are also assessed. The results indicate that the ultimate strength of the plate decreases due to stress-wave creation and thus, it is required to take that into account. Besides, it is revealed that assuming the final damaged state of the plate after being laterally impacted by the rigid-body impactor as an initial condition, does not yield a correct response when evaluating its ultimate compressive strength under uniaxial in-plane compression.     

水火弯板局部收缩和整体变形的理论分析

简述水火弯板成形原理，分析了曲板局收缩与整体成形关系确定的重要性，应用分段圆弧样条函数拟合曲板的辊轧线。推导了两种典型双向曲度板和扭曲板的整体成形所需局部收缩量的计算公式，给出两个实船板算例，讨论误差产生的原因，提出了下一步研究内容。     

含点蚀损伤船体加筋板在纵向压力下的极限强度

针对老龄化船舶结构上的点状腐蚀,利用非线性有限元方法进行计算,分析304个船体加筋板的极限强度,探讨带板柔度、加强筋柔度、腐蚀面积比和腐蚀深度比对纵向压力下含点蚀损伤船体加筋板极限强度的影响,拟合出点状腐蚀下船体加筋板极限强度折减公式并对其适用性进行验证,研究结果具有一定的工程参考意义和价值。     

Plastic deformation of ship plate subjected to repeated patch loads at different locations - Elastoplastic numerical analysis and design equation

Ship structures may be subjected to repeated random patch loads at different locations. Under these circumstances, ship plates will have large accumulated permanent deformations, which will result in some serious negative effects on their work and safety performance. Therefore, the elasto-plastic response of ship structure under repeated patch loads at different locations are studied by using finite element method. The permanent deformations of plate in the whole loading and unloading process are investigated. In addition, the residual stress and plastic strain states of the panel and stiffeners are studied based on a typical wheel-on-deck interaction scenario. Moreover, according to Hughes's hypothesis, the equivalent method between repeated patch loads at different locations and full uniform pressure load is studied. Considered the influence of plate slenderness, the improved formula for equivalent load coefficient is proposed, showing a good correlation with experimental data and numerical results. The proposed equivalent method can be used for estimating the permanent deformations of ship structures under repeated patch loads at different locations in ship life.