北京市轨道交通车站预约出行实践与思考

高峰时段过度集中的通勤客流是城市轨道交通运营管理工作中的一大挑战.北京市部分轨道交通车站依据同时段历史客流状态,采取站外限流的措施防止进站人数过多.在2020年新冠肺炎疫情防控期间,客流量不确定性高,客流管理难度加剧.为提前掌控客流情况,有效调控客流量,减少乘客聚集风险,创新性地在北京市轨道交通大客流车站开展预约实践,...     

A line impedance stabilization network for pulse current injection北大核心CSCD

［Objective］Aiming at the deficiency of the existing line impedance stability network (LISN) in the electromagnetic pulse protection capability, a LISN suitable for the pulse current injection (PCI) test of electrical and electronic equipment is proposed. ［Methods］Aiming at the characteristics of high peak value and fast rise of the pulse current in PCI testing, the circuit structure and physical structure of the LISN are improved on the existing basis through PSpice time-domain and frequency-domain simulation combined with engineering design requirements, thereby giving it good nanosecond pulse protection performance and impedance stability at the same time. Pulse current protection performance test and impedance curve test experiments are then designed and carried out.［Results］The experimental results show that the improved LISN can attenuate the injected pulse current by 60 times, while the error of its impedance curve is less than 5% compared with the Type 5 µH LISN in GJB 151B-2013. ［Conclusions］The proposed LISN has good impedance stability and decoupling ability, and can be used in the PCI testing of electrical and electronic equipment in order to protect the power supply and improve the repeatability of testing. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Ship Research. All rights reserved.     

Constructal design of tree-shaped microchannel disc heat sink with wavy walls北大核心CSCD

［Objective］To meet the efficient thermal management needs of electronic devices such as ships and underwater vehicles, this study focuses on the constructal design of a tree-shaped microchannel disc heat sink with wavy walls. ［Method］A design prototype of the heat sink with wavy walls is first proposed. Based on constructal theory, the amplitude and wavelength of the wavy walls are designed under the constraints of fixed heat sink volume and fixed microchannel volume by maximizing the comprehensive performance evaluation criteria (PEC) while considering both heat transfer and flow pressure drop. ［Results］The results show that the wavy walls increase the heat transfer surface areas and generate vortices in their cavities, effectively reducing the maximum temperature. When the inlet Reynolds number is fixed at 700, 900 or 1100 respectively, the maximum temperature is reduced by 13.5 K by increasing the amplitude of the wavy walls, while the pressure drop increases significantly; and the maximum temperature is reduced by 4.7 K by reducing the wavelength of the wavy walls, while the pressure drop increases slightly. There are optimal amplitudes that raise the comprehensive performance evaluation criteria to extreme values for given larger wavelengths, while the comprehensive performance evaluation criteria increase monotonously as the amplitude increases for given smaller wavelengths. ［Conclusion］Wavy walls can significantly improve the thermal performance of tree-shaped microchannel disc heat sinks, and the use of constructal design can realize optimal geometric constructs with optimal comprehensive performance evaluation criteria. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

基于因子分析与熵值法的不同隧道侧向宽度下驾驶负荷模型

为探究隧道侧向宽度对驾驶心理及行为的影响机理，采用眼动仪、CAN-OBD测速仪等设备在滨莱高速试验场开展不同侧向宽度场景实车试验，获取30名男性驾驶人在不同侧向宽度场景下生心理及驾驶行为数据；以心率均值、车速差、速度标准差、平均注视持续时间和注视时间标准差为关键变量，建立基于因子分析与熵值法的驾驶负荷量化模型，量化评价不同侧向宽度下驾驶负荷变化规律；基于K-means聚类算法确定不同等级驾驶负荷阈值，结合ROC曲线的分类判别和最大约登指数值，提出隧道侧向宽度临界阈值计算方法。研究结果表明：当设计速度为120 km·h^-1时，采用较大的隧道侧向宽度不仅有利于提高运行车速，同时可减小驾驶负荷；相较于左、右侧侧向宽度分别为0.75 m和1.25 m的标准断面设计尺寸，隧道左、右侧侧向宽度增加至1.00 m和1.50 m时，小型车和大型车驾驶人运行车速分别提升4.5%和3.6%,驾驶负荷分别减小31%和29%;不同侧向宽度下驾驶负荷低、中、高3个等级对应的阈值为0.23和0.42,隧道左侧最佳侧向宽度阈值为0.75～1.00 m,右侧最佳侧向宽度阈值为1.25～1.50 ...     

面向“离位”儿童乘员的常开式安全气囊优化设计

儿童乘坐校车时常呈现多种"离位"坐姿,有必要开展多种儿童坐姿下,常开式安全气囊的优化设计研究,明确12岁儿童的损伤阈值。为此构建并验证校车的仿真模型,搭建校车和常开式安全气囊的耦合模型。选取躺卧坐姿、右倾坐姿作为12岁儿童乘员的典型"离位"坐姿,并针对正常坐姿、躺卧坐姿和右倾坐姿,以加权伤害指标为优化目标,基于响应面代理模型和改进型NSGA-Ⅱ算法,权衡确定常开式安全气囊的主要设计参数的最优配置为:泄气阀开度199.73%、泄气阀开启压力1.1628×105Pa、安装点高度0.362 8 m和中部拉带长度0.315 2 m。结果表明:3种儿童坐姿下,具备最优配置的常开式安全气囊能够最大限度地提升12岁儿童乘员的安全性。     

宽幅预应力混凝土桥牵索挂篮设计

借鉴国内类似一般宽度桥面工程牵索挂篮的设计经验,以丹阳北二环大桥主桥悬浇施工牵索挂篮为例,对宽幅预应力混凝土桥牵索挂篮结构设计作了深入的研究,通过采用桁架式结构、增设吊点和升降式底模等方法有效降低挂篮的设计重量,提高主梁、横梁的设计刚度,严格控制挂篮变形,提高移篮速度.     

《渔港总体设计规范）中码头泊位数确定方法

简要介绍新编《渔港总体设计规范》中码头泊位数确定方法，新规范制订中先后考虑了三种方法，即不平衡系数法，排队论模型计算法、计算机模拟方法，经综合分析，最后采用计算机模拟方法，通过实际检验，证明该公式更符合工程实际。     

概念设计阶段的邮船横移操纵性评估方法

为准确评估邮船的横移操纵性，对概念阶段的某中型邮船的横移抗风性展开研究。考虑邮船上层建筑高大的特点，在由侧推器、螺旋桨、舵所组成的横移平衡计算模型中，增加风载荷及力矩，并依据现有的初步设备参数，计算13个风向角所能承受的最大风速，预测邮船在码头的横移抗风操纵性能力。通过实例计算验证，此评估方法能够清晰便捷地评估邮船在不同风况下的横移抗风能力，为邮船概念设计阶段的横移操纵性提供重要支撑。