Maritime accident investigation and temporal determinants of maritime accidents: A case study

This paper presents the results of an investigation into temporal determinants of maritime accidents based on a data-set obtained from the proceedings of formal inquiries in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR). The results show that there is no statistically significant outcome between the probability for an accident and the time of watch. Thus the results do not confirm previous studies, which reported significant time of day effects.The outcome of this study indicates that marine inquiries can provide useful data for an analysis of underlying causes of maritime accidents. It is suggested that accident inquiries should be extended into the area of watch systems employed and should record the hours of work and of rest of the officers on the watch involved in a maritime accident.     

The role of professional associations in shipping

This article is in three parts. The first covers the historical development of qualifying associations. The second covers the particular role of maritime institutions that include The Royal Institution of Naval Architects, The Institute of Marine Engineering Science and Technology and The Nautical Institute. The third and final section considers the future for maritime professional associations in the context of international shipping.     

浅析吊具电缆卷取装置的控制方式

对集装箱岸边起重机的吊具电缆卷取装置进行了简单的介绍,并对主要的两种控制方式:磁滞联轴节(速度滑差)方式和直接力矩控制(DTC)方式的工作原理和实现过程进行了分析,讨论了各自的优缺点与发展趋势。     

津滨轻轨连续箱梁移动模架法施工技术

介绍移动模架施工现浇混凝土连续箱梁的施工工艺，以及在施工中应该注意的事项。     

摆式列车主动倾摆控制的数值仿真研究

为了仿真研究摆式列车倾摆控制信号的生成和倾摆控制规律,笔者建立了摆式列车机电耦合动力学模型和倾摆系统模型。该模型通过位于头车一位构架上的陀螺仪实时检测曲线,由同一位置的横向加速度滤波信号得到倾摆控制信号,并用线性预测法得到头车和第二辆车的倾摆控制信号。设计了倾摆系统的P数字控制器和H∞鲁棒数字控制器。采用数值积分方法进行仿真计算,研究了各种计算工况下2种控制器的控制效果。针对倾摆角度、角速度和角加速度进行比较分析,结果表明,2种控制器都能很好地跟踪倾摆控制信号,在有反馈干扰或控制信号突变时,鲁棒控制器可以更好地抑制倾摆角加速度;减小P控制的比例系数可以降低倾摆角加速度,但跟踪性能变差。     

慢性萎缩性胃炎细胞间粘附分子的免疫组化研究

作者采用免疫组化的方法,原位观察比较了慢性萎缩性胃炎与正常胃粘膜组织中细胞间粘附分子(ICAM—1)的原位表达。结果发现,与正常胃粘膜比较,慢性萎缩性胃炎组织有大量ICAM—1阳性炎性细胞浸润,且其数目与病变程度呈平行关系,提示ICAM—1的表达在慢性胃炎的发病机制中可能具有重要意义。     

地铁车辆运行舒适度与平稳性评价

作为公共交通工具的地铁车辆,应具备良好的运行平稳性并提供必要的舒适度.在进行旅客乘坐舒适性评价时,除沿用至今的平稳性指标外,UIC 513标准的舒适度指标评定方法也被逐步采用.为加深对舒适度指标的理解,比较其与平稳性指标的异同,结合某地铁车辆测试,阐述了两种评价方法的计算过程与测试结果,分析了各自特点.     

Virtual prototype simulation on underwater hydraulic impingement shovel

The virtual prototype technology is applied to the design of the hydraulic impingement shovel, which is to increase the reliability of the design. The work principle of hydraulic impingement shovel is expatiated, and its dynamic equations are established. The 3D model of virtual prototype is built by PRO/E. Then the couple between the mechanical body of prototype and the hydraulic system is completed by virtue of ADAMS. Finally, the simulation is made on the virtual prototype. The simulation results show that the design of underwater hydraulic impingement shovel is rational. The virtual prototype technology could lay sound foundation of successful manufacturing of physical prototype for the first time and offer highly effective and feasible means for the design and production of underwater equipments.     

A review of the Effect of α/W ratio on fracture toughness （Ⅱ） experimental investigation in LEFM

In part I of this series, experimental investigation in EPFM （elastic-plastic fracture mechanics） had been discussed. In this paper, experimental investigation in LEFM （ linear elastic fracture mechanics） is given. Fracture toughness tests had been carried out on three different strength steels, using both through-cracked specimens with different α/W ratio and semi-elliptical cracked specimens with variable crack size and shape. Results show that the fracture toughness KIC increases with decreasing α/W when α/W 〈 0.3 for three-point-bend specimens, and that for α/W 〉 0.3, it is independent of α/W. Shallow crack specimens, both through-cracked and surface-cracked, gave markedly higher values than deeply notched specimens. However, the effect of crack shape on fracture toughness is negligible. Results also show that the LEFM approach to fracture is not tenable for design stresses where αc is often very small, far less than 2.5 （ KIC/σy）^2.     

高铁运维阶段CPⅢ平面网复测方法研究与应用

CPⅢ轨道控制网是高铁运维阶段轨道系统静态检查的控制基准,需要定期进行必要的复测,且复测工作仅能在夜间4 h天窗维修时间内进行。为此,提出了通过对相邻CPⅢ点位之间组成的纵横向弦长的变化进行CPⅢ网复测的新方法,推导出了纵横向弦长较差及其限差的计算模型,通过模拟计算确定了CPⅢ网复测的横向和纵向弦长较差限差的建议值分别为±1 mm和±2 mm,并据此进行了复测点位稳定性判定的试验验证。理论分析和试验结果表明,该方法是正确可行的,研究成果对CPⅢ网的复测及相关测量规范的制定和完善有参考价值。