高速铁路枢纽站技术作业计划与动车所调车作业计划协同编制研究

分析高速铁路枢纽站技术作业计划与动车所调车作业计划的协同编制过程,提出了将两个计划一体化编制的思想。以需安排作业效益最大化为优化目标,构建基于动车组车底的高速铁路枢纽站与动车所作业计划协同编制模型。针对模型特点,提出瓶颈工序、启发式分配规则及粗粒度主从进程模式的并行禁忌搜索策略(PTS)相结合的混合优化算法,首先确定作业安排瓶颈工序,然后启动主进程和若干从进程,主进程运用启发式分配规则快速生成初始解分配给从进程,从进程运用与瓶颈工序相关的禁忌算法搜索优化解,并反馈给主进程,主进程记录全局最优解并根据交叉策略生成新的初始解,重新分配给从进程进行TS搜索。最后,用实例验证了模型和算法的有效性。     

地铁小半径曲线钢轨型面打磨技术及评价＊

为了解决地铁小半径曲线钢轨非正常磨耗问题、延长曲线段钢轨使用寿命、保障列车运行的安全性和稳定性,通过实测分析小半径曲线钢轨型面数据的磨耗特点及其接触变化,设计出适用于小半径曲线轨道的钢轨打磨型面(Opt-60型面).建立地铁B型车动力学模型和轮轨接触有限元模型,分别对不同打磨型面在整个维护周期内的钢轨性能进行仿真计算.计算结果表明:相对于CN60打磨型面,Opt-60型面的打磨量减小了 44.2％,打磨深度减小了 0.646 mm;在维护周期内Opt-60型面的轮轨横向力和脱轨系数都有明显改善,安全系数有所提升,且横向平稳系数与垂向平稳性系数均得到提高;在一定列车通过量下,Opt-60型面的轮轨接触面积比CN60打磨型面的轮轨接触面积大14.63％～27.13％,接触应力减小19.27％～27.97％.计算结果已明显表明,Opt-60型面能有效减缓钢轨磨耗、抑制钢轨疲劳,还能提高列车运行的安全性和平稳性,优化了列车的动力学性能.     

磁轨制动器主要部件参数的最优仿真设计

为研究磁轨制动器各子部件的结构和安装方式对其性能的影响,分析了磁轨制动器的结构组成,以减重和制动吸力为目标,对铁心和磁轭、磨耗板、减重倒角及线圈等子部件的参数进行最优值计算.仿真分析了制动器与轨面间隙不同时的吸力值,得到了最优磁轨制动器与轨面间的最优间隙.     

基于大数据技术的铁路电子支付平台双活中心交易日志处理研究与实现

随着铁路电子支付平台业务的发展和客运12306互联网售票系统售票支付量的大幅提升,支付系统在交易日志和快照环节遇到了性能瓶颈。研究运用Spark、Kafka、HBase等关键技术,基于Hadoop平台和Java开发工具设计数据处理架构,满足高性能和基于双活双中心的交易日志处理。经实际应用,大幅提升了系统处理能力,更好地支撑了铁路业务系统的发展需求。     

Widening the Panama Canal and U.S. ports: historical and economic impact analyses

ABSTRACT

The economic history of the U.S. illustrates how the role of many cities has been changed by being seaports or located on navigable rivers or lakes. Based on the widening of the Panama Canal in 2016, the West Coast ports that include the west coast seaports of California, Oregon, and Washington were expected to become less important, while the freight shares of the East Coast and Gulf ports would increase. By how much it has been not easy to measure or predict so far, but this study attempted to define some of the key parameters in the measurement. As well as several relevant background topics, both the demand- and supply-side versions of the National Interstate Economic Model, have been applied for the measurement of economic impacts. U.S. port authorities and policy makers at the local and national levels who respond and develop plans for coping with the new realities of the Panama Canal are able to understand the extent to which changes in shippers’ and land-mode transporters’ behaviors would undermine the logistics and the costs of their activities. Therefore, this study is important for a diverse spectrum of port development strategies in the U.S. to respond to the Canal expansion.     

基于核磁共振与无侧限抗压试验对纤维加固红黏土的宏微观特性研究

红黏土因其具有孔隙比大、易压缩等不良工程特性,常在工程建设中引起一列工程问题.为此,采用聚丙烯纤维对红黏土进行加固,并采用核磁共振(NMR)技术和无侧限抗压强度试验对不同含量纤维加固后土体的宏微观特性进行测试,得到以下结论:1)不同含量纤维加固后红黏土的T2谱形态基本保持一致,均在弛豫时间为1 ms附近出现峰值,且纤维含量为0.2％时,试样内部信号最强;不同含量纤维加筋土内部的孔径主要分布在0.01μm到0.05μm之间,且0.02μm孔径所占比例最大;试样的孔隙度和T2谱峰值面积随纤维含量的增加表现出先增加后减小的趋势,且均在纤维含量为0.2％时到达最大值;2)纤维能够明显增加红黏土的抗压强度,加筋土的抗压强度与纤维含量保持良好的线性增加关系;且随着纤维含量的增加,试样由脆性破坏逐渐表现为韧性破坏特征.3)纤维在土体中起到加筋作用,显著增加了土体间的连接力,且纤维相互交叉连接形成了空间网状结构,限制了土体的变形,使得加筋土抗压强度增加并表现出韧性破坏特征.     

表面选区强化对钢轨波磨处轮轨滚动接触行为的影响

层流等离子体表面强化技术可大幅提高钢轨表面的硬度和耐磨性。为了揭示强化处理对轮轨滚动接触行为的影响,建立同时考虑钢轨表面选区强化和短波波磨的三维轮轨瞬态滚动接触有限元模型,数值计算了车轮高速滚过一个波磨周期的轮轨力、接触斑黏滑分布和残余应力应变。对比发现:表面选区强化对轮轨力和接触斑黏滑分布的影响较小,不影响钢轨承载性能;对钢轨表面残余应力应变分布的影响明显,残余应力主要集中在屈服强度较高的强化斑内而残余应变主要集中在韧性较好的基体材料上,表面选区强化有效结合了强化斑和基体材料的力学性能,形成了一种强韧的良好匹配。结果可为现场生产服务提供一定的理论指导和应用参考。     

Costs of air pollutants from shipping: a meta-regression analysis

ABSTRACT

This study estimated the external cost of air pollution from shipping by means of a meta-regression analysis, which has not been made before. Three pollutants, which were included in most of the primary studies, were considered: nitrogen oxides (NO_x), sulphur dioxides (SO₂) and particulate matters with a diameter of max 2.5 micrometres (PM_2.5). All primary studies included damages of health and a majority added impacts on agriculture and estimated the cost of air pollutants by transferring cost estimates from studies on costs of air emissions from transports in Europe. Different regression models and estimators were used and robust results were found of statistically significant emission elasticities of below one, i.e. total external costs increase by less than 1% when emissions increase by 1%. There was a small variation between the pollutants, with the highest elasticity for PM_2.5 and lowest for NO_x. Calculations of the marginal external cost of the pollutants showed the same pattern, with this cost being approximately six times higher for PM_2.5 than for the other pollutants. Common to all pollutants was that the marginal external cost decreases when emission increases. Another robust result was a significant increase in the cost of studies published in journals compared with other publication outlets. These findings point out some caution when transferring constant external unit cost of air pollutant from shipping, which is much applied in the literature, and the cost functions estimated in this study could thus provide a complementary transfer mechanism.     

无锡地铁1号线南延线车辆启动冲动原因分析及解决措施

针对无锡地铁1号线南延线车辆启动时冲击率相对较高而引起的冲动问题,文章通过理论分析和现场试验,提出了针对性的解决方法,并对提出的方法进行了实际测试验证。结果显示该方法能有效降低车辆启动时的冲击率,提高乘客乘坐舒适性。     

综合监测技术在船舶中间轴承监测诊断中的应用

综合运用油液、振动、红外和热工参数等监测技术手段对船舶中间轴承进行状态监测,在对获取的监测数据进行综合分析判断的基础上,能够得出正确诊断结论。通过分析某型船中间轴承的监测实例,结果表明,综合运用多种监测技术手段可以早期发现机械设备故障,有效提高监测诊断结论的可靠性,并为设备维修决策提供依据。