快速老化小鼠的学习记忆缺陷及其生化机制

目的用快速老化小鼠(SAMP8)模拟老年痴呆,观察其学习记忆能力,并探讨其学习记忆能力下降的可能机制。方法采用10月龄SAMP8,并用同龄抗快速老化小鼠(SAMR1)作为正常对照。用水迷路检测近记忆以及空间学习记忆能力。用生物化学方法检测大脑皮层线粒体膜电位和ATP酶活力,观察线粒体功能;检测皮层和海马胆碱乙酰基转移酶(ChAT)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的活力,观察中枢胆碱能神经功能;检测血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量,观察其全身性氧化应激状况。结果与SAMR1相比,SAMP8出现明显的衰老体征,其近记忆和空间学习记忆能力明显减弱,具有衰老和痴呆特征;皮层线粒体膜电位和ATP酶活力显著降低,海马ChAT活力显著下降,AChE活力显著升高,血清SOD活力稍有增高。结论SAMP8可以很好地模拟老年痴呆,其机制包括大脑皮层线粒体功能降低、海马胆碱能神经功能下降以及氧化应激等。     

The changes of neuronal activity of the zone incerta in a rodent model of Parkinson＇s disease

Objective To study the changes in neuronal activity of the zone incerta (ZI) following the unilateral lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway. Methods Eiectrophysiological recordings of ZI neurons were made in normal rats and in two groups of rats at different time intervals after injection of 6-hydrodopamine (6-OHDA) into the pars compacta of snbstantia nigra by extracellular recording in vivo. Results The results showed a significant increase in the mean firing rate of ZI during the second and fourth weeks after 6-OHDA lesion [-n=32, (3.6±2. 2)Hz, P<0.001; n=35, (9.3±6.6)Hz, P<0. 001, respectively] compared to that of normal rats [n=39, (9.2±5.2)Hz]. However, no significant change was observed between two groups of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. With regard to firing pattern, 7.7%(3/39) of ZI neurons discharged regularly, 82.1% (32/39) irregularly and 10. 3% (4/39) in bursts in normal rats. During the second week after 6-OHDA lesion, the regular, irregular and bursting firing neurons recorded in the ZI were 9.4% (3/32), 59. 4% (19/32) and 31.3% (10/32), and during fourth week, the regular, irregular and bursting firing neurons were 14.3% (5/35), 57.1% (20/35) and 28. 6% (10/35), respectively. The firing pattern of the neurons in the three different groups did not change significantly. Conclusion These results suggest that the firing rate of ZI neurons in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats is increased significantly, which may contribute to the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.     

七叶皂苷钠对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后MMP-9和LN表达的影响

目的研究七叶皂苷钠(sodium β-aescin)对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后基质金属蛋白酶-9(matrix metallopro-teinase-9,MMP-9)和层黏连蛋白(laminin,LN)表达影响,为深入探讨七叶皂苷钠对脑的保护机制提供实验依据。方法制备大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型,随机分为正常组、假手术组、缺血再灌注组和缺血再灌注七叶皂苷钠治疗组,后两组又分为缺血2h后再灌注3、6、12、24、72h和7d,共6个时间点,每时间点4只;用免疫组织化学法和图像分析观察其缺血区LN和MMP-9的表达变化。结果缺血再灌组MMP-9在神经元的表达于再灌注6h开始增加,12h达高峰,24h又降低,7d最低,治疗组MMP-9于再灌注同一时相有显著减少;LN在微血管的表达于再灌注12h明显减少,24h时达低峰,72h开始回升,治疗组在同一时相LN表达显著增多。结论MMP-9与LN可能参与脑血管源性脑水肿的形成发展,缺血再灌注早期七叶皂苷钠治疗通过减少MMP-9的表达,增加LN的表达对缺血再灌注脑起保护作用。     

也论柴油轿车在国内市场的发展前景

研究了世界范围内柴油机在乘用车领域内的应用现状,阐述了柴油机作为车用动力的优势。根据国内的政策环境与市场环境,分析了排放法规、柴油品质对市场的影响。根据对柴油轿车的性能要求,包括振动和噪声、排放等,分析了更适合我国轿车柴油机发展的技术路线,并重点对若干关键技术和难点进行了剖析。柴油机技术进步和市场化应用表明,柴油轿车在我国具有广阔的应用前景,政府和企业应做好政策和技术上的准备。     

单相交流逆变系统直流侧电容电压脉动分析

对于单相交流逆变系统,其直流侧电容电压存在固有的2倍于逆变器输出频率的脉动,本文基于基本电路原理对系统暂态过程中电气量的变化规律进行了分析,总结了系统直流侧电容电压脉动的机理,并建立了仿真模型,对系统直流侧电压脉动的相关典型工况进行了分析。     

声激励位置对简单导管声辐射特性的影响

文章借助NASTRAN软件,研究了单极子和偶极子声激励位置对简单刚性导管声辐射特性的影响。结果表明：（1）声源的径向位置对导管声辐射影响大,而轴向位置影响小,声源越靠近导管壁,辐射声功率峰值越大;（2）对于单极子而言,声源偏离径向中心位置时,声场的对称性取决于声源的频率值;（3）偶极子声源的方向对于导管声辐射特性的影响很大,必须加以考虑。     

防空装备战场抢修保障模型研究*

防空武器装备作战任务重、遭受打击强,给装备保障工作提出了较高的要求。在分析了其战场环境下受损规律的基础上,对防空武器装备战场抢修任务组织实施流程进行了研究,并运用Ex tendSim平台进行了仿真,对进一步开展防空武器装备战场抢修组织决策的研究具有一定的帮助。     

A havelock source panel method for near-surface submarines

A panel method is described for calculating potential flow around near-surface submarines. The method uses Havelock sources which automatically satisfy the linearized free-surface boundary condition. Outputs from the method include pressure field, pressure drag, wave resistance, vertical force, trim moment and wave pattern. Comparisons are made with model tests for wave resistance of Series 58 and DARPA SUBOFF hulls, as well as with wave resistance, lift force and trim moment of three length-to-diameter variants of the DSTO Joubert submarine hull. It is found that the Havelock source panel method is capable of determining with reasonable accuracy wave resistance, vertical force and trim moment for submarine hulls. Further experimental data are required in order to assess the accuracy of the method for pressure field and wave pattern prediction. The method is implemented in the computer code “HullWave” and offers potential advantages over RANS-CFD codes in terms of speed, simplicity and robustness.     

A non-geometrically similar model for predicting the wake field of full-scale ships

The scale effect leads to large discrepancies between the wake fields of model-scale and actual ships, and causes differences in cavitation performance and exciting forces tests in predicting the performance of actual ships. Therefore, when test data from ship models are directly applied to predict the performance of actual ships, test results must be subjected to empirical corrections. This study proposes a method for the reverse design of the hull model. Compared to a geometrically similar hull model, the wake field generated by the modified model is closer to that of an actual ship. A non- geometrically similar model of a Korean Research Institute of Ship and Ocean Engineering (KRISO)’s container ship (KCS) was designed. Numerical simulations were performed using this model, and its results were compared with full-scale calculation results. The deformation method of getting the wake field of full-scale ships by the non-geometrically similar model is applied to the KCS successfully.     

Experimental and numerical investigations on vibration characteristics of a loaded ship model

In this paper, vibration characteristics of the structure in the finite fluid domain are analyzed using a coupled finite element method. The added mass matrix is calculated with finite element method (FEM) by 8-node acoustic fluid elements. Vibration characteristics of the structure in finite fluid domain are calculated combining structure FEM mass matrix. By writing the relevant programs, numerical analysis on vibration characteristics of a submerged cantilever rectangular plate in finite fluid domain and loaded ship model is performed. A modal identification experiment for the loaded ship model in air and in water is conducted and the experiment results verify the reliability of the numerical analysis. The numerical method can be used for further research on vibration characteristics and acoustic radiation problems of the structure in the finite fluid domain.