用于船舶伴流场预报的一种非几何相似的模型（英文）

The scale effect leads to large discrepancies between the wake fields of model-scale and actual ships, and causes differences in cavitation performance and exciting forces tests in predicting the performance of actual ships. Therefore, when test data from ship models are directly applied to predict the performance of actual ships, test results must be subjected to empirical corrections. This study proposes a method for the reverse design of the hull model. Compared to a geometrically similar hull model, the wake field generated by the modified model is closer to that of an actual ship. A non- geometrically similar model of a Korean Research Institute of Ship and Ocean Engineering(KRISO)'s container ship(KCS) was designed. Numerical simulations were performed using this model, and its results were compared with full-scale calculation results. The deformation method of getting the wake field of full-scale ships by the non-geometrically similar model is applied to the KCS successfully.     

基于滑移网格的带桨水面船自航性能预报研究

应用FINE/Marine软件对KCS船、KP505桨以及考虑自由液面的船桨组合体进行数值计算,并计算其自航性能。利用滑移网格技术和随体网格来实现船桨之间的相互耦合。考虑到原有的自航性能数据处理方法并不代表实际情况,文中借鉴强制自航法的概念提出了一种新的船舶自航点求解方法预报船舶自航性能,并与模型试验结果进行比较,吻合良好,其中推力减额系数、伴流分数以及船舶推进效率的计算误差分别为0.5%、2.18%、6.76%。本文研究为预报船舶自航性能提供了一种新的研究手段。     

船桨干扰定常空化性能数值模拟

文章采用CFD技术计算了船桨干扰定常空化性能。首先计算了不同空化数下的NACA66(MOD)水翼和DTRC4381螺旋桨的定常空化性能,同时预报了KCS船的伴流场、阻力性能和船体表面压力分布。为了验证计算船后螺旋桨空化流的可行性,文中对KCS船和KP505螺旋桨进行了整体考虑,并计算了不同空化数下的船后螺旋桨的空化覆盖面积。计算表明,文中采用的计算方法合理,计算结果与试验结果吻合。     

舰船气泡尾流数值模拟(英文)

Based on a volume of fluid two-phase model imbedded in the general computational fluid dynamics code FLUENT6.3.26, the viscous flow with free surface around a model-scaled KRISO container ship (KCS) was first numerically simulated. Then with a rigid-lid-free-surface method, the underwater flow field was computed based on the mixture multiphase model to simulate the bubbly wake around the KCS hull. The realizable k-ε two-equation turbulence model and Reynolds stress model were used to analyze the effects of turbulence model on the ship bubbly wake. The air entrainment model, which is relative to the normal velocity gradient of the free surface, and the solving method were verified by the qualitatively reasonable computed results.     

一种计及姿态变化的船舶阻力预报方法

对于航行于水面的舰船,船体姿态会随着航速的增加在航行中发生明显变化,这种姿态变化后的阻力较通常计算的以约束模型为基准的阻力预报是有明显差别的。采用CFD方法实现了以KCS船为模型进行模型自由状态下的阻力预报,并和相关实验数据进行了比较。结果表明,该方法避免了由于船体运动造成流场网格扭曲与计算发散等问题,具有良好的稳定性。另外,该方法充分考虑了船体姿态的影响,计算结果令人满意。     

舵桨相互作用下现代船舶绕流数值研究（英文）

Reducing the fuel consumption of ships presents both economic and environmental gains. Although in the past decades,extensive studies were carried out on the flow around ship hull, it is still difficult to calculate the flow around the hull while considering propeller interaction. In this paper, the viscous flow around modern ship hulls is computed considering propeller action. In this analysis, the numerical investigation of flow around the ship is combined with propeller theory to simulate the hull-propeller interaction. Various longitudinal positions of the rudder are also analyzed to determine the effect of rudder position on propeller efficiency. First, a numerical study was performed around a bare hull using Shipflow computational fluid dynamics(CFD) code to determine free-surface wave elevation and resistance components.A zonal approach was applied to successively incorporate Bpotential flow solver^ in the region outside the boundary layer and wake, Bboundary layer solver^ in the thin boundary layer region near the ship hull, and BNavier-Stokes solver^in the wake region. Propeller open water characteristics were determined using an open-source MATLAB code Open Prop, which is based on the lifting line theory, for the moderately loaded propeller. The obtained open water test results were specified in the flow module of Shipflow for self-propulsion tests. The velocity field behind the ship was recalculated into an effective wake and given to the propeller code that calculates the propeller load. Once the load was known, it was transferred to the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) solver to simulate the propeller action. The interaction between the hull and propeller with different rudder positions was then predicted to improve the propulsive efficiency.     

某冷藏运输船有效功率的爱尔法估算分析

针对某冷藏运输船更换调距桨叶时需预先确定船体有效功率的问题,用爱尔法对弗劳德数、方形系数、爱尔系数和船体有效功率进行估算。文章介绍该冷藏船的主要参数;分析爱尔法估算船体有效功率的原理、计算表达式和爱尔标准船型参数;计算该冷藏船标准方形系数、爱尔系数,并根据实船方形系数、船宽比、浮心纵向坐标和水线长与标准值的差异分别修正爱尔系数;根据爱尔法估算不同船速的船体有效功率,并与实船试验计算结果进行比较。结果表明,爱尔法估算的船体有效功率与实船试验计算结果比较吻合,可用来对中小型民用船舶的船体有效功率进行估算。     

基于CFD技术的散货船线型优化研究

随着CFD技术的逐渐成熟,该技术已被应用于线型母型的选取和线型优化等设计流程中。依托"计算流体力学的实用化研究"项目,以17.5万dwt散货船为研究对象,应用CFD软件和优化软件来改进该船的阻力性能及伴流场。选取船体艏部三个特征参数和艉部两个特征参数作为优化变量并针对每个改型进行数值模拟,并将该船原型及艏、艉部分别优化所得线型进行模型试验,试验结果与数值研究方法的结论一致。     

基于RANS法的船舶阻力及自由运动预报

文章介绍了基于RANS法求解船舶自由运动水动力性能的方法。通过对流域设计、网格划分方法、运动求解法及湍流模型的选择等进行完整的讨论与分析,提出了一套求解船舶自由运动的RANS方法。以低速船(KCS型船模)及高速船(Fridsma滑行艇)为计算对象,计算结果验证了RANS法在预报船舶自由航行时水动力性能的实用性。     

双桨船螺旋桨的适伴流设计

讨论了双桨船和单桨船伴流场的不同特点,给出了双桨船切向伴流的分析方法和不同旋向下的螺旋桨设计结果,指出双桨船适伴流设计考虑切向伴流影响的必要性.内旋设计桨在大型循环水槽中进行了模型试验,试验结果表明螺旋桨的空泡和脉动压力性能优良.     

浅吃水肥大型船的尾部线型研究

从分析船舶尾部伴流场对船舶阻力推进,操纵及船体振动性能等影响的观点,研究尾部三维伴流场,介绍尾型与伴流场之间关系及非对称双尾鳍船型的形成。非对称双尾鳍船型与优选的常规双尾鳍船型模型的阻力,自航及伴流场等比较试验结果表明,非对称双尾鳍船具有两大优点,首先,该船型能在浆前方产生一个与外旋浆旋向相反的预旋流,在保持了优良阻力性能前提下可提高外旋浆推进效率8％,获得阻力,推进,操纵各性能间的最佳配合,第二,轴向伴流分布比较均匀,满足BSRA5项衡准指标,改善了螺旋浆工作的流场条件,减少了螺旋浆产生空泡及其诱导船体激振的危险,使节能与减振得到统一,最后还介绍了该船型首制船“宁安1号”的实船测试结果及其由船模试验预报实船性能的一致性。     

船模伴流场修正对螺旋桨激振力预报的影响

介绍Hoekstra船模伴流修正方法、伴流模拟方法及螺旋桨激振力测量的试验过程。以第16届ITTC推荐的Sydney Express桨为研究对象，在上海船舶运输科学研究所空泡实验室用网格方法模拟船舶艉部流场，通过布置在桨模上方相应位置平板上的5个传感器进行了脉动压力测量。比较螺旋桨在船模伴流场和使用Hoekstra法换算得到的实船伴流场中工作时激振力的预报值及桨模空泡形态，并与实桨对比，就伴流场修正对螺旋桨激振力预报的影响作了探讨。     

Self-propulsion computations using a speed controller and a discretized propeller with dynamic overset grids

A method that can be used to perform self-propulsion computations of surface ships is presented. The propeller is gridded as an overset object with a rotational velocity that is imposed by a speed controller, which finds the self-propulsion point when the ship reaches the target Froude number in a single transient computation. Dynamic overset grids are used to allow different dynamic groups to move independently, including the hull and appendages, the propeller, and the background (where the far-field boundary conditions are imposed). Predicted integral quantities include propeller rotational speed, propeller forces, and ship’s attitude, along with the complete flow field. The fluid flow is solved by employing a single-phase level set approach to model the free surface, along with a blended k−ω/k−ɛ based DES model for turbulence. Three ship hulls are evaluated: the single-propeller KVLCC1 tanker appended with a rudder, the twin propeller fully appended surface combatant model DTMB 5613, and the KCS container ship without a rudder, and the results are compared with experimental data obtained at the model scale. In the case of KCS, a more complete comparison with propulsion data is performed. It is shown that direct computation of self-propelled ships is feasible, and though very resource intensive, it provides a tool for obtaining vast flow detail.     

Onboard monitoring of fatigue damage rates in the hull girder

Most new advanced ships have extensive data collection systems to be used for continuous monitoring of engine and hull performance, for voyage performance evaluation etc. Such systems could be expanded to include also procedures for stress monitoring and for decision support, where the most critical wave-induced ship extreme responses and fatigue damage accumulation can be estimated for hypothetical changes in ship course and speed in the automatically estimated wave environment.The aim of this paper is to outline a calculation procedure for fatigue damage rate prediction in hull girders taking into account whipping stresses. It is conceptually shown how such a method, which integrates onboard estimation of sea states, can be used to deduce decision support with respect to the accumulated fatigue damage in the hull girder.The paper firstly presents a set of measured full-scale wave-induced stress ranges in a container ship, where the associated fatigue damage rates calculated from a combination of the rain-flow counting method and the Palmgren-Miner damage rule are compared with damage predictions obtained from a computationally much faster frequency fatigue analysis using a spectral method. This analysis verifies the applied multi-modal spectral analysis procedure for fatigue estimation for cases where hull girder flexibility plays a role.To obtain an automated prediction method for the fatigue damage rates it is in the second part of the paper shown how a combination of the full-scale onboard acceleration and stress measurements can be used to calculate sea state parameters. These calculated environmental data are verified by a comparison to hindcast data.In the third part of the paper the full-scale fatigue stress ranges are compared to results from an analytical design oriented calculation procedure for flexible ship hulls in short-term estimated sea states.Altogether, it is conceptually shown that by a combination of the onboard estimated sea state parameters with the described analytical fatigue damage prediction procedure a method can be established for real-time onboard decision support which includes estimates of fatigue damage rates.     

Study on the form factor and full-scale ship resistance prediction method

To consider the resistance component due to hull geometry, the International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC) adopted the resistance test method in 1978, introducing the form factor concept with two basic assumptions, i.e., the form factor of a model ship is the same as that of a full-scale ship and the form factor is independent of ship speed. However, it is not only very difficult to determine the form factor using the ITTC ’78 method, but also there have been questions regarding the basic assumptions. Therefore, the authors carried out three basic studies on the form factor concept and proposed a new extrapolation procedure for the prediction of full-scale ship resistance performance. The validity of the proposed procedure is being investigated by comparing sea trial and model test results. The results of this investigation will be presented in the near future.     

Numerical calculations of propeller shaft loads on azimuth propulsors in oblique inflow

This paper evaluates various computational methods used to compute propeller performance, hydrodynamic side force and bending moment applied to an azimuth propulsor propeller shaft in oblique inflow. The two non-viscous models used are the BEM method and the blade element momentum theory (BEMT). RANS calculations are used to compute the loads on the propeller and the nominal wake velocity from the thruster body to be used in the BEMT model. The effect of the ship hull is also considered in the calculation by implementing the measured nominal wake of a ship hull at different propeller azimuthal positions. All the models are compared and validated against the experimental results, and the discussions are presented.     

基于NURBS表达的船舶静水力特性精确计算

在船体曲面NURBS表达基础上,对船舶静水力特性参数进行精确而全面的定义,并结合平面与曲面求交算法和基于曲面表达的几何特性计算方法,对各静水力特性参数进行计算.这种方法不仅适合于传统的静水力特性计算,又适合于任意浮态下的静水力特性计算.对实船正浮状态下的静水力特性进行计算,与传统方法的计算结果进行对比和分析,说明了该定义方法的通用性和实用性;对倾斜状态下的静水力特性进行计算,并总结静水力特性参数值随浮态的变化规律,为船舶自由浮态和静稳性精确计算提供基础.     

基于实船试验的主船体结构安全性评估方法

与模型的水池试验相比,风浪中实船的结构响应测试困难得多,尤其是高浪级很难遇到,中低浪级的实船试验结果如何用于船体结构的安全性评估,成为关注的焦点。文中基于多条船的中低浪级的实船试验结果,给出了比较强度和高浪级下船体应力的极值预报两种船体结构安全性的评估方法。研究结果表明所给出的评估方法为新建船舶主船体结构的安全性评估提供了比较有效的工程应用工具。     

New method for predicting full-scale power performance of pumpjet propulsion system based on statistical learning北大核心CSCD

[目的]针对“适配于螺旋桨的船尾线型+泵喷推进器”构成的船舶泵喷推进系统,提出一种基于统计学习的实船快速性预报新方法。[方法]以某大型水面船舶泵喷推进系统为对象,通过神经网络学习典型推进泵的推力系数图谱曲线,综合运用船-桨配合时的K_(T)-J曲线和船体-喷泵配合时的推力特性曲线,建立“仅需船舶阻力曲线就能实现船舶泵喷推进系统实船快速性预报”的新方法,并基于船模阻力试验、泵喷模型敞水试验及船体-泵喷自航试验的测量换算结果对实船推进性能的预报结果开展精度校验。[结果]校验结果表明:在航速18~30 kn范围内,船舶泵喷推进系统的自航转速、推力和功率的预报误差可控制在5.4%以内,其中设计航速附近的误差甚至小于2%;船体-泵喷的相互作用程度介于船-桨与船体-喷泵之间且幅值相对较小,推力减额系数为趋向于0的极小值,故船舶泵喷推进系统是介于桨轴推进系统和喷水推进系统之间的产物。[结论]该预报方法有利于提升船舶泵喷推进系统实船快速性预报的能力,可为新型舰艇泵类推进系统总体设计/研究提供参考。     

Numerical study of ice-induced loads on ship hulls

A numerical model is introduced in this paper to investigate both global and local ice loads on ship hulls. This model is partly based on empirical data, by which the observed phenomena of continuous icebreaking can be well reproduced. In the simulation of a full-scale icebreaking trial, the interdependence between the ice load and the ship’s motion is considered, and the three degree-of-freedom rigid body equations of surge, sway and yaw are solved by numerical integration. The variations in the level ice thickness and in the strength properties of ice can also be taken into account. The simulated ice loads on ship hulls are discussed through two case studies, in which the ship’s performance, the statistics of ice-induced frame loads, and the spatial distribution of ice loads around the hull are analyzed and compared with field measurements. As far as we know the present paper is the first to integrate all the features above. It is hoped that further studies on this numerical model can supplement the field and laboratory measurements in establishing a design basis for the ice-going ships especially for ships navigating in the first-year ice.