基于船舶兴波能量守恒的形状因子算法

为了拓展传统的根据船模阻力试验数据确定形状因子计算方法的适用测量速度范围,文章提出了基于船舶兴波能量守恒的形状因子计算方法。该算法以兴波阻力系数的理论近似表达式取代ITTC（1978）方法的兴波阻力系数近似表达式,采用梯度下降最优算法对船模阻力试验数据进行数值拟合计算求得形状因子。以4250 TEU集装箱船作为算例,将文中算法同传统的普鲁哈斯卡法和ITTC（1978）方法的计算结果进行了比较,验证了该算法的合理性和精确性。     

不同船型不同吃水下确定形状因子的CFD方法（英文）

The value of form factor k at different drafts is important in predicting full-scale total resistance and speed for different types of ships. In the ITTC community, most organizations predict form factor k using a low-speed model test. However, this method is problematic for ships with bulbous bows and transom. In this article, a Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)-based method is introduced to obtain k for different type of ships at different drafts, and a comparison is made between the CFD method and the model test. The results show that the CFD method produces reasonable k values. A grid generating method and turbulence model are briefly discussed in the context of obtaining a consistent k using CFD.     

CFD-based method of determining form factor <Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis> for different ship types and different drafts

The value of form factor k at different drafts is important in predicting full-scale total resistance and speed for different types of ships. In the ITTC community, most organizations predict form factor k using a low-speed model test. However, this method is problematic for ships with bulbous bows and transom. In this article, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-based method is introduced to obtain k for different type of ships at different drafts, and a comparison is made between the CFD method and the model test. The results show that the CFD method produces reasonable k values. A grid generating method and turbulence model are briefly discussed in the context of obtaining a consistent k using CFD.     

拖曳水池标模阻力复合航次试验不确定度分析

参考国际拖曳水池会议(ITTC)推荐的规程,对船模拖曳水池的阻力试验进行不确定度分析。根据船模阻力试验的流程,确定试验过程中的误差源;根据不确定度的传递方程,确定误差源对试验结果的影响;基于一艘船模标准模型进行带舵的复合航次重复试验,并根据试验误差源分析得到试验结果的不确定度。在此基础上,提出降低试验不确定度的方法。分析结果表明,在95%置信水平下(k=2),总阻力及其主要水动力系数的不确定度均小于1%,试验结果可作为标模基准校验使用。     

考虑桨前预旋流的自航试验分析及实船预报

本文根据有关文献提出的预旋流的概念,给出了包括横向非对称船型及多桨船型在内的多种船型的桨前流动的预旋转速(或称切向伴流相当转速)的精确计算方法,以及船模预旋转速实船预旋转速间的关系和考虑预旋流动的实船预报,文中还讨论了十八届国际水池会议给出的计算双桨船模型桨前流动的预旋转速的近似性,最后以程序计算的形式,把预旋流概念同时引入自航试验分析和实船预报中。     

低速肥大型船舶阻力成分分析

以低速肥大型船舶的系列模型试验为依托，分析了船模和实船各阻力分量在不同傅氏９数下随船型参数变化的变化趋势，给出阻力分量随船型变化的平均曲线，结合另外１０型肥大型船舶及３个系列，初步给出了低速肥大型船舶船模和实船各阻力分量占总阻力百分比随傅氏数变化的曲线。     

基于B样条的三维船体水动力数值计算

本文采用基于B样条的一种新的数值方法计算三维船体水动力，用B样条函数表达三维船体表面的几何形状以及流场中未知物理量的分布，为了验证该数值方法的可行性和精确度首先对处于无限流体域中的圆球体绕流问题进行了计算；其次计算了由ITTC所推荐的Wigley船型的兴波阻力以及以一攻角斜航时的操纵水动力；最后在一些假设下对两船作平行航行时的干扰水动力作了相应计算工作。数值计算结果与其它试验或理论结果在定量或定性上吻合良好。     

基于CFD的中低速Wigley船模黏性阻力

船舶阻力性能对船型参数的确定、船体结构的设计有重要影响。本文以Wigley船模为研究对象，采用CFD方法建立了行船阻力分析系统，以实际海况数据为依据，确定较准确的参数和边界条件，分析了不同航速（傅汝德数）下的低速行船阻力，并与理论公式对比分析。仿真测试结果表明：在实际海况数据下，CFD数值模拟阻力与理论ITTC公式计算的阻力误差在2%以内且发展趋势一致。本文的研究为采用CFD研究行船阻力奠定基础。     

基于自由自航模回转试验的不确定度分析

为评定船舶操纵性试验结果的可信度,基于ITTC 7.5-02-06-05的指导意见,对船模回转试验的不确定度进行分析。基于自由自航模回转试验方法,对某型船进行重复性试验,获取试验相关的不确定度。数据分析结果表明,在置信区间为95%、置信因子为2的条件下,船模试验回转直径的不确定度为4.9%,结果可信,具有一定的工程应用参考价值。     

测量不确定度分析在操纵性试验中的应用

测量不确定度分析是以定量的形式给出试验结果的品质和可信度,是模型试验分析中必要的一个组成部分.本文结合旋臂水池操纵性模型试验,比较了分析第22、23届ITTC会议公布的关于船舶测量不确定度的分析方法和<测量不确定度表示指南>(GUM)中推荐的测量不确定分析方法,结果表明GUM是通用的测量不确定度分析方法.在小置信概率时ITTC的适用性将受限制,此时推荐使用GUM描述.     

Time domain simulations of the wave-induced motions of ships in maneuvering condition

The wave-induced motions of ships in maneuvering condition are numerically studied based on potential theory. The total disturbance potential is decomposed into a basic part and a perturbation part. The basic flow is evaluated based on the double-body model with a trailing vortex sheet. The perturbation flow is solved by using a time domain Rankine panel method to determine the hydrodynamic forces, and the wave-induced ship motions are then evaluated by an Adam–Moulton scheme. The solving process of the wave-induced motion is integrated with the maneuvering prediction by using a two–time scale model. Numerical tests are firstly carried out for a Series 60 ship, and the numerical results are compared with the experimental data to validate the numerical method for the basic flow. Then the wave-induced motions of the S-175 container ship in straight course and in turning condition are simulated; the numerical results are compared with the ITTC data and the experimental data, which show fairly good agreements.     

海洋污损对船体摩擦阻力影响的预测方法

海洋污损对船体阻力具有严重的不利影响.文章将海洋污损归类到船体粗糙度的范畴内,基于边界层积分法研究了污损对船体摩擦阻力影响的预测方法.通过对光滑平板摩擦阻力系数的计算验证了积分法的准确性.然后采用积分法对美军FFG-7舰在3种钙质污损状况下的摩擦阻力系数进行了计算,计算结果与国外学者的研究结论吻合得较好,说明了积分法预测污损对船体摩擦阻力的影响具有可行性,且准确性较高.最后将积分法在FFG-7舰的计算结果与1957-ITTC公式及其粗糙度补贴系数ΔCf进行了对比,结果表明ITTC提出的ΔCf公式不适于表征污损对船体阻力的影响.     

Validation of 6-DOF motion simulations for ship turning in regular waves

In this study, a six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) motion simulation method of a ship steering in regular waves is validated. The proposed simulation model is based on the two-time scale concept where the 6-DOF motions are expressed as the sum of the low-frequency maneuvering motions and high-frequency wave-induced motions. Turning simulations of a KCS container ship model with a rudder angle of \(\pm 35^\circ\) in calm water and regular waves are performed and the obtained results are compared with the results of a free-running model test. The model tests were conducted using a ship model of length 3.057 m in a square tank at the National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering, Japan. The wave conditions were as follows: the wave height was 3.6 m at full-scale, ratio of wavelength to ship length was 1.0, and the ship approached in the head wave direction before it was steered. The present method can simulate both the turning motion and wave-induced motions in regular waves with practical accuracy.

     

A proposal for propulsion performance prediction of a single-propeller twin-rudder ship

The influence of a rudder’s axial force on the prediction of full-scale powering performance of a ship is investigated in this paper. Axial force characteristics of different rudder types were investigated by open water experiments. Viscous scale effects on the rudder’s axial force were investigated by carrying out open water experiments with different sizes of rudder. Experiments were carried out in the towing tank for a model ship fitted with different rudder systems to investigate the influence of rudder’s axial force on full-scale propulsion performance prediction. Based on the experiment results, a new prediction method is proposed for estimating full-scale power that considers scale effect on rudder’s axial force. Good performance of the proposed prediction method is demonstrated by estimating the engine power of a ship installed with a special high lift twin-rudder system from model experiments and comparing it with the values measured on the ship during full-scale experiments.     

纵向规则波中参数横摇的数值模拟

基于ITTC推荐的参数横摇运动方程,采用估算方法确定方程中的阻尼系数和复原力矩系数,数值模拟出船舶在规则波中的参数横摇情况,将上述方法具体应用于一艘滚装船船模的参数横摇预报,并与试验数据进行对比,验证了所采用方法的有效性。     

双桨船Lucy Ashton轴系附体阻力的尺度效应

本文对Lucy Ashton带附体美人架和轴包架的几何相似船模试验结果重加分析。分别将带附体的和相应裸体的船模阻力试验结果绘成以C_r为纵坐标对C_F为横坐标的Froude数等值线。假定: C_r=(1 k)C_F C_W可发现全部Froude数等值线都是直线。可见三因次外插法可推广应用于带轴系附体的船模。 带轴系附体船模与相应裸体船模的1 k之差,乘以足足C_F后,可认为是轴系附体的粘性阻力系数。带轴系附体船模与相应裸体船模的C_w之差可认为是轴系附体的兴波阻力系数。以上粘性阻力系数和兴波阻力系数之和可认为是足尺轴系附体的总阻力系数。 由此三因次外插法计得的足尺轴系附体总阻力系数与由实船试验测得者间的最大误差可发现小于10％。假定船的附体阻力为裸船体阻力的10％,则最大误差小于裸船体阻力的1％。可见应用三因次外插法预估轴系附体阻力可给出十分满意的结果。     

消波型高速船剩余阻力系数的回归分析

消波型高速船是介于排水型、滑行型船之间的一种优化过渡型船型,具有优良的快速性能,目前已广泛应用于内河及沿海。本文根据近20艘该船型的船模试验及实船试航资料,运用回归分析方法,给出了以傅汝德数、长度排水量系数、方型系数、宽度吃水比为自变量的剩余阻力系数回归公式。     

数值模拟现代水面舰船带自由面的湍流绕流场

为了研究带自由面的船舶湍流绕流场,选择了一艘ITTC推荐的公开船模作为模拟对象,数值求解RANS方程。此模型为带声呐导流罩和方形尾封板的复杂水面舰船。采用Ogrid块拓扑算法生成质量较高的纯六面体多块结构化网格,计算中采用RNG k-ε湍流模式和标准壁面函数,并使用VOF算法来捕捉自由面。空间离散采用QUICK格式,压力-速度解耦采用PISO算法。将阻力和波形的数值结果与实验数据相比较,总阻力系数误差约2%,船侧波形、船首自由面吻合良好,显示了CFD方法在船舶水动力学中预测带自由面湍流绕流场的有效性。     

New method for predicting full-scale power performance of pumpjet propulsion system based on statistical learning北大核心CSCD

[目的]针对“适配于螺旋桨的船尾线型+泵喷推进器”构成的船舶泵喷推进系统,提出一种基于统计学习的实船快速性预报新方法。[方法]以某大型水面船舶泵喷推进系统为对象,通过神经网络学习典型推进泵的推力系数图谱曲线,综合运用船-桨配合时的K_(T)-J曲线和船体-喷泵配合时的推力特性曲线,建立“仅需船舶阻力曲线就能实现船舶泵喷推进系统实船快速性预报”的新方法,并基于船模阻力试验、泵喷模型敞水试验及船体-泵喷自航试验的测量换算结果对实船推进性能的预报结果开展精度校验。[结果]校验结果表明:在航速18~30 kn范围内,船舶泵喷推进系统的自航转速、推力和功率的预报误差可控制在5.4%以内,其中设计航速附近的误差甚至小于2%;船体-泵喷的相互作用程度介于船-桨与船体-喷泵之间且幅值相对较小,推力减额系数为趋向于0的极小值,故船舶泵喷推进系统是介于桨轴推进系统和喷水推进系统之间的产物。[结论]该预报方法有利于提升船舶泵喷推进系统实船快速性预报的能力,可为新型舰艇泵类推进系统总体设计/研究提供参考。     

基于CFD的船舶形状因子随缩尺比及弗劳德数变化规律分析

针对实船阻力预报误差较大的问题,采用CFD软件Fluent分析某大型货船形状因子的变化规律,验证计算方法的准确性,采用叠模计算确定不同缩尺比及弗劳德数时船舶形状因子,结果表明,基于Fluent计算得到的船模阻力与模型试验结果基本吻合,计算方法准确;船舶形状因子(1+k)随缩尺比减小而增加,随弗劳德数增加而增加,主要是由于摩擦阻力占比减小,k值增大。说明实验室在实船阻力换算时对于不同速度均采用同一k值是不合理的,这也是阻力预报存在较大误差的原因之一。