Perceived importance of inclusive street dimensions: a public questionnaire survey from a vision(ing) perspective

Transportation - The increasingly prevalent concept of inclusiveness in the public discourse is gaining a foothold in the paradigm shift of street design from a predominance of vehicular traffic...     

Widening the Panama Canal and U.S. ports: historical and economic impact analyses

ABSTRACT

The economic history of the U.S. illustrates how the role of many cities has been changed by being seaports or located on navigable rivers or lakes. Based on the widening of the Panama Canal in 2016, the West Coast ports that include the west coast seaports of California, Oregon, and Washington were expected to become less important, while the freight shares of the East Coast and Gulf ports would increase. By how much it has been not easy to measure or predict so far, but this study attempted to define some of the key parameters in the measurement. As well as several relevant background topics, both the demand- and supply-side versions of the National Interstate Economic Model, have been applied for the measurement of economic impacts. U.S. port authorities and policy makers at the local and national levels who respond and develop plans for coping with the new realities of the Panama Canal are able to understand the extent to which changes in shippers’ and land-mode transporters’ behaviors would undermine the logistics and the costs of their activities. Therefore, this study is important for a diverse spectrum of port development strategies in the U.S. to respond to the Canal expansion.     

大型体育赛事开闭幕式交通组织策划

大型体育赛事开闭幕式的人流、车流高度集中,对服务水平保障要求严格,媒体关注度较高.基于多项大型体育赛事开闭幕式交通组织方案编制和实施过程的思考,探讨开闭幕式交通需求的特点与挑战、交通组织策略、方案评估方法和指挥体系.指出开闭幕式交通组织策划需根据仪式流程,安保政策,各客户群体起讫点、出行时间和服务模式等,采用交通模型和仿真方法,评估不同方案下高峰时段道路负荷、人流负荷,并发现风险区域.据此构建开闭幕式交通策划的步骤和方法框架,阐述各步骤的分析方法.研究证明,针对开闭幕式交通特点,采用科学的交通组织策略、系统的方案评估和优化方法,构建高效的指挥架构,持续的团队磨合及演练是开闭幕式交通组织成功的关键.     

Costs of air pollutants from shipping: a meta-regression analysis

ABSTRACT

This study estimated the external cost of air pollution from shipping by means of a meta-regression analysis, which has not been made before. Three pollutants, which were included in most of the primary studies, were considered: nitrogen oxides (NO_x), sulphur dioxides (SO₂) and particulate matters with a diameter of max 2.5 micrometres (PM_2.5). All primary studies included damages of health and a majority added impacts on agriculture and estimated the cost of air pollutants by transferring cost estimates from studies on costs of air emissions from transports in Europe. Different regression models and estimators were used and robust results were found of statistically significant emission elasticities of below one, i.e. total external costs increase by less than 1% when emissions increase by 1%. There was a small variation between the pollutants, with the highest elasticity for PM_2.5 and lowest for NO_x. Calculations of the marginal external cost of the pollutants showed the same pattern, with this cost being approximately six times higher for PM_2.5 than for the other pollutants. Common to all pollutants was that the marginal external cost decreases when emission increases. Another robust result was a significant increase in the cost of studies published in journals compared with other publication outlets. These findings point out some caution when transferring constant external unit cost of air pollutant from shipping, which is much applied in the literature, and the cost functions estimated in this study could thus provide a complementary transfer mechanism.     

What drives freight transportation customer loyalty? Diverging marketing approaches for the air freight express industry

Transportation - Going beyond the traditional business to consumer air transport passenger perspective, this paper examines what we can learn from combining transaction marketing (TM) and...     

新冠肺炎交通防控政策对长沙市人口流动的影响

为探究新冠肺炎疫情下交通防控政策对长沙市人口流动的影响，本文根据长沙市在新冠 肺炎疫情期间颁布的交通防控政策和疫情实时防控情况划分防控阶段，基于百度迁徙大数据，利 用双重差分模型，识别长沙市不同阶段的交通防控政策以及量化防控效果，分析交通防控政策对 长沙市人口流动的影响。结果显示，长沙市在交通管制阶段，平均人口迁出强度、平均人口迁入 强度及城市内部出行强度分别下降了83.68%、69.24%及59.74%，有效地控制了人口流动，降低了 疫情扩散危险。在交通恢复阶段，长沙市人口流动强度逐渐反弹，城市内部出行强度基本恢复到 2019年同期水平。本文研究结果显示了交通管制对疫情扩散限制的有效性，为常态化疫情防控 下精准防控政策和复工复产政策制定提供参考。     

改善地铁列车运行舒适度方案探讨

通过分析轨道交通信号系统的基本控车原理,结合车辆牵引制动系统的特点,找出信号与车辆配合控车存在的难点,提出改善列车运行舒适度的可行性方案,并进行探讨。     

基于离散-连续耦合的钢桥面铺装剪切模拟

层间剪切破坏是钢桥面铺装主要病害之一,为了对钢桥面铺装复合结构层间剪切行为进行研究,基于三维离散-连续耦合方法建立了钢桥面铺装复合结构仿真模型,分析得出30℃条件下钢桥面铺装层间剪切破坏行为的变化规律,分析剪切速率对钢桥面铺装层间剪切受力状态的影响。研究结果表明过高或过低的行车速度对钢桥面铺装层都不利。对比分析离散-连续模型与离散元模型模拟结果发现,离散-连续模型计算结果更加符合实际情况。     

锂氟化碳电池电极参数设计与电性能研究

高比能兼具功率密度的电池在特殊国防军用领域有着极高的应用价值.锂氟化碳电池作为目前比能量最高的一种锂/固体正极电池,具有在水中兵器电源中进一步发展的潜力.本文采用不同电极参数组装的锂/氟化碳软包电池,对其倍率放电性能进行试验并分析,最后得出不同电极参数对电池性能的影响.