新型铝电解开关主回路运动特性仿真

应用ADAMS软件对铝电解短路块驱动装置运动进行仿真,与样机试验结果相符,为该装置在铝电解行业的应用奠定了基础。     

免棱镜全站仪在行车轨道检修中的应用

免棱镜全站仪无需反射棱镜而能测定待测点的空间位置,利用其这一特点,对难以安置反射棱镜的行车轨道,采用自由设站法测定轨道中心点的坐标,经过拟合中心点的直线方程,通过坐标变换求出中心点到拟合直线的距离,能直观地评定道轨的质量及变化情况。实践证明这种方法快速、准确,在类似的行车设备检修中有很好的应用前景。     

基于单调关联系统的驾驶行为可靠度计算方法

为合理评估驾驶员驾驶行为的可靠性,提出了驾驶行为可靠度计算方法,将人机系统可靠性理论与驾驶行为链相结合,构建了基于感知、判断、操作元件及模块组的驾驶行为可靠性框图,确定了单项器官元件可靠度测试与计算方法,运用单调关联系统理论给出了功能模块可靠度及驾驶行为系统可靠度的量化模型,计算了模型中各生理、心理元件概率重要度,分析了其对驾驶行为的影响度。计算结果表明:事故组与非事故组间行为可靠性存在明显差异,非事故组的可靠性整体大于事故组,但整体可靠性呈下降趋势,事故组驾驶员整体操作稳定性较差;生理因素对驾驶行为可靠度影响度前期较大后期较小,而心理因素则相反。     

Driver behavior formulation in intersection dilemma zones with phone use distraction via a logit-Bayesian network hybrid approach

Use of cellular phone while driving is one of the top contributing factors that induce traffic crashes, resulting in significant loss of life and property. A dilemma zone is a circumstance near signalized intersections where drivers hesitate when making decisions related to their driving behaviors. Therefore, the dilemma zone has been identified as an area with high crash potential. This article utilizes a logit-based Bayesian network (BN) hybrid approach to investigate drivers' decision patterns in a dilemma zone with phone use, based on experimental data from driving simulations from the National Advanced Driving Simulator (NADS). Using a logit regression model, five variables were found to be significant in predicting drivers' decisions in a dilemma zone with distractive phone tasks: older drivers (50–60 years old), yellow signal length, time to stop line, handheld phone tasks, and driver gender. The identified significant variables were then used to train a BN model to predict drivers' decisions at a dilemma zone and examine probabilistic impacts of these variables on drivers' decisions. The analysis results indicate that the trained BN model was effective in driver decision prediction and variable influence extraction. It was found that older drivers, a short yellow signal, a short time to stop line, nonhandheld phone tasks, and female drivers are factors that tend to result in drivers proceeding through intersections in a dilemma zone with phone use distraction. These research findings provide insight in understanding driver behavior patterns in a dilemma zone with distractive phone tasks.     

Urban travel time reliability at different traffic conditions

The decision making of travelers for route choice and departure time choice depends on the expected travel time and its reliability. A common understanding of reliability is that it is related to several statistical properties of the travel time distribution, especially to the standard deviation of the travel time and also to the skewness. For an important corridor in Changsha (P.R. China) the travel time reliability has been evaluated and a linear model is proposed for the relationship between travel time, standard deviation, skewness, and some other traffic characteristics. Statistical analysis is done for both simulation data from a delay distribution model and for real life data from automated number plate recognition (ANPR) cameras. ANPR data give unbiased travel time data, which is more representative than probe vehicles. The relationship between the mean travel time and its standard deviation is verified with an analytical model for travel time distributions as well as with the ANPR travel times. Average travel time and the standard deviation are linearly correlated for single links as well as corridors. Other influence factors are related to skewness and travel time standard deviations, such as vehicle density and degree of saturation. Skewness appears to be less well to explain from traffic characteristics than the standard deviation is.     

雾天高速公路交通安全风险评估

以驾驶模拟器作为数据采集平台,采集雾天高速公路不同能见度车辆的车头时距数据,对车头时距分区间统计,不做任何假设,克服了仅以天气等级或是车速和能见度作为风险评估的指标、行车安全等级以仿真得到的曲线图来定性判定的缺点。选取能见度和车头时距作为指标,对雾天高速公路的交通安全进行了风险评估。运用 Fisher 最优分割编写 Matlab 程序。将风险分为4级,以车头时距出现的概率结合损失量的大小确定风险分级标准。采用 K 近邻非参数对风险进行预测,训练集及验证集的分类误差均为0.7%,验证该模型具有有效性。     

机车电路CAI软件的设计与实现

针对当前机车电路教学的迫切需要,以满足用户需求,提高教学质量为宗旨设计并实现了一套完整的机车电路CAI软件。软件中实现的虚拟驾驶台、电流流动模拟、多媒体辅助教学等功能都具有一定的独创性,并在实际使用中取得了良好的效果。     

运行车速理论在公路路线设计中的应用

通过对车辆行驶特性以及车辆与公路线形相互关系的分析,论述了运行车速理论在公路路线设计中的应用,提出了以人为本的宽容设计理念。     

机动车超速行驶防范对策分析

机动丰超速行驶是引起交通事故的主要原因，是严重的道路交通违法行为之一。机动丰超速是由于驾驶人没有及时纠正驾驶过程中的误判、误动的结果。引起超速的原因包括驾驶人、机动车、交通安全设施和其他因素四个方面，应从教育培训、法律、交通安全设施、交通科技四个方面采取措施预防超速。     

帆板航速预测计算模型探讨

在帆板运动平衡方程的基础上建立帆板的航速预测,依据最小阻力、最大推力原理求得各条航线上的最大船速,介绍帆板航速预测的计算方法,为帆板航速预测与航线选择的进一步研究做准备。