基于自适应多尺度积阈值的钢轨裂纹红外图像增强

利用红外热波技术检测钢轨斜裂纹伤损所得的红外图像存在整体亮度偏暗、边缘对比度低和纹理细节模糊的缺点,对测量裂纹的扩展深度不利。对此,本文提出一种基于非子采样Contourlet变换NSCT(Nonsubsampled Contourlet Transform)的自适应多尺度积阈值AMPT(Adaptive Multiscale Products Thresholding)钢轨裂纹红外图像增强算法。对图像进行NSCT分解得到不同尺度不同方向上的子带系数,由子带系数自适应地确定阈值并调整增强函数,将阈值作用于每一子带的多尺度积,对阈值化操作后的子带系数进行增强处理和逆变换,实现图像增强。实验结果表明:该算法在抑制噪声和提高图像整体对比度的基础上,有效突出了目标图像的边缘,对裂纹内部微弱细节纹理的增强效果优于其他传统的红外图像增强方法,为进一步提取代表裂纹深度的关键像素提供了有力支撑。     

An Improvement of Russo's Fuzzy Noise-Filtering for Image Processing

We adapted Russo's image noise filtering technique by introducing an adaptive parameter, noise possibility. This parameter potentially indicates whether a pixel is noise. The improved Russo's method was applied to process the Lena image and a remote sensing image corrupted by noise. The results show that it has a stronger noise filtering ability than other traditional techniques such as Wiener filtering.     

Design of ANFIS networks using hybrid genetic and SVD methods for modeling and prediction of rubber engine mount stiffness

Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) are deployed for optimal design of both the Gaussian membership functions of antecedents and the vector of linear coefficients of consequents, respectively, of ANFIS networks. These networks are used for stiffness modelling and prediction of rubber engine mounts. The aim of such modelling is to show how the stiffness of an engine mount changes with variations in geometric parameters. It is demonstrated that SVD can be optimally used to find the vector of linear coefficients of conclusion parts using ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems) models. In addition, the Gaussian membership functions in premise parts can be determined using a GA. In this study, the stiffness training data of 36 different bush type engine mounts were obtained using the finite element analysis (FEA).     

主动式拥塞控制机制浅析

分析了Internet上出现拥塞的基本原因,对比了已有的被动式路由器队列管理机制和新兴的主动式队列(AQM)管理方法的主要优缺点,叙述了AQM的指导算法"早期随机检测算法(RED)",自适应控制在RED算法中的应用,提出了存在的问题和研究思路.     

车内噪声品质偏好性主客观评价及相关性分析

以5种轿车典型运行工况下后排乘员耳旁噪声样本为评价对象,利用自适应分组成对比较法对车内噪声品质进行了偏好性主观评价试验。计算了各样本的主要心理声学参数,通过相关分析和线性多元回归分析,建立了以响度和尖锐度描述车内噪声品质偏好性结果的数学模型。通过各组间的关联样本将各组评价结果进行反演构建,得到的总体样本评价结果与传统成对比较法评价结果一致性好,且节省了50%的评价时间。     

Traffic dynamics in a bi-modal transportation network with information provision and adaptive transit services

This paper has two major components. The first one is the day-to-day evolution of travelers’ mode and route choices in a bi-modal transportation system where traffic information (predicted travel cost) is available to travelers. The second one is a public transit operator adjusting or adapting its service over time (from period to period) based on observed system conditions. Particularly, we consider that on each day both travelers’ past travel experiences and the predicted travel cost (based on information provision) can affect travelers’ perceptions of different modes and routes, and thus affect their mode choice and/or route choice accordingly. This evolution process from day to day is formulated by a discrete dynamical model. The properties of such a dynamical model are then analyzed, including the existence, uniqueness and stability of the fixed point. Most importantly, we show that the predicted travel cost based on information provision may help stabilize the dynamical system even if it is not fully accurate. Given the day-to-day traffic evolution, we then model an adaptive transit operator who can adjust frequency and fare for public transit from period to period (each period contains a certain number of days). The adaptive frequency and fare in one period are determined from the realized transit demands and transit profits of the previous periods, which is to achieve a (locally) maximum transit profit. The day-to-day and period-to-period models and their properties are also illustrated by numerical experiments.     

Adaptive traffic signal control with equilibrium constraints under stochastic demand

This study develops a methodology to model transportation network design with signal settings in the presence of demand uncertainty. It is assumed that the total travel demand consists of commuters and infrequent travellers. The commuter travel demand is deterministic, whereas the demand of infrequent travellers is stochastic. Variations in demand contribute to travel time uncertainty and affect commuters’ route choice behaviour. In this paper, we first introduce an equilibrium flow model that takes account of uncertain demand. A two-stage stochastic program is then proposed to formulate the network signal design under demand uncertainty. The optimal control policy derived under the two-stage stochastic program is able to (1) optimize the steady-state network performance in the long run, and (2) respond to short-term demand variations. In the first stage, a base signal control plan with a buffer against variability is introduced to control the equilibrium flow pattern and the resulting steady-state performance. In the second stage, after realizations of the random demand, recourse decisions of adaptive signal settings are determined to address the occasional demand overflows, so as to avoid transient congestion. The overall objective is to minimize the expected total travel time. To solve the two-stage stochastic program, a concept of service reliability associated with the control buffer is introduced. A reliability-based gradient projection algorithm is then developed. Numerical examples are performed to illustrate the properties of the proposed control method as well as its capability of optimizing steady-state performance while adaptively responding to changing traffic flows. Comparison results show that the proposed method exhibits advantages over the traditional mean-value approach in improving network expected total travel times.     

Network-wide adaptive tolling for connected and automated vehicles

This article proposes Δ-tolling, a simple adaptive pricing scheme which only requires travel time observations and two tuning parameters. These tolls are applied throughout a road network, and can be updated as frequently as travel time observations are made. Notably, Δ-tolling does not require any details of the traffic flow or travel demand models other than travel time observations, rendering it easy to apply in real-time. The flexibility of this tolling scheme is demonstrated in three specific traffic modeling contexts with varying traffic flow and user behavior assumptions: a day-to-day pricing model using static network equilibrium with link delay functions; a within-day adaptive pricing model using the cell transmission model and dynamic routing of vehicles; and a microsimulation of reservation-based intersection control for connected and autonomous vehicles with myopic routing. In all cases, Δ-tolling produces significant benefits over the no-toll case, measured in terms of average travel time and social welfare, while only requiring two parameters to be tuned. Some optimality results are also given for the special case of the static network equilibrium model with BPR-style delay functions.     

Adaptive prediction of flight time uncertainty for ground-based 4D trajectory management

An adaptive prediction model of level flight time uncertainty is derived as a function of flight and meteorological conditions, and its effectiveness for ground-based 4D trajectory management is discussed. Flight time uncertainty inevitably increases because of fluctuations in meteorological conditions, even though the Mach number, flight altitude and direction are controlled constant. Actual flight data collected using the secondary surveillance radar Mode S and numerical weather forecasts are processed to obtain a large collection of flight time error and flight and meteorological conditions. Through the law of uncertainty propagation, an adaptive prediction model of flight time uncertainty is derived as a function of the Mach number, flight distance, wind, and temperature. The coefficients of the adaptive prediction model is determined through cluster analysis and linear regression analysis. It is clearly demonstrated that the proposed adaptive prediction model can estimate the flight time uncertainty without underestimation or overestimation, even under moderate or severe weather conditions. The proposed adaptive prediction is able to improve both safety and efficiency of 4D trajectory management simultaneously.     

Adaptation and Learning in Coastal Management: The Experience of Five East African Initiatives

This article explores principles of adaptive, learning-based resource management and their practical application in coastal management projects in East Africa. The principles of feedback and adjustment, experimentation, and carefully guided participatory processes that capture widespread knowledge are used to describe the experience of five projects in Kenya, Tanzania, and Mozambique. The findings are drawn from a variety of sources, including site visits and interviews. The main finding is that adaptive methods are a major feature of all projects, and the general approaches used in each case are similar.