土压平衡盾构法隧道施工中影响地表沉降的因素浅析

地层损失是盾构法隧道施工引起地表沉降的主要原因,正常地层损失不可避免,而非正常与灾害性地层损失仍困扰着工程技术人员。文章结合南京地铁土压平衡盾构施工实践,根据监测数据结果,对影响地表沉降的主要因素,即土压设置、注浆参数与出碴控制进行了分析,并讨论了由于操作失误、施工参数设置不当引起的非正常地层损失,以及灾害性地层损失的实例,总结了一些经验,希望对类似工程有所帮助。     

路面雷达在沥青路面密度和压实度检测中的试验研究

提高沥青路面的压实程度是控制其工程质量重要措施之一。利用混合料的介电常数与其组成的固体、液态、气态三相体的介电常数的均方根和体积比的关系，通过常规的室内试验，得到介电常数与沥青路面密度、压实度之间的关系。利用该关系，可用路面雷达快速、实时地检测沥青路面的密实程度，从而实现对沥青路面的施工过程进行控制。     

探地雷达数值模拟及其在隧道检测中的应用

利用时域有限差分(FDTD)方法,对隧道工程检测中常见检测目标进行数值模拟,分析脱空、单层钢筋、双层钢筋等目标体的探地雷达反射信号图像特征,并对隧道检测中的雷达信号图像采用遗传算法进行反演,引入目标相关系数用于反演结果全局寻优,实现对多次反射的压制,降低浅部钢筋反射信号对识别深部目标体的影响。通过对数值模拟结果进行反演,证明该方法理论上的有效性,并结合工程实践中的应用效果,说明该方法的优点与局限性。     

高速公路路堤下暗挖隧洞施工引起的路基沉降实例分析

在高速公路路堤下进行暗挖隧洞施工将不可避免地对围岩产生扰动,从而引起地层位移和路基沉降,过大的路基沉降将影响高速公路的正常运营,因此分析和控制路基沉降是高速公路路堤下隧洞设计与施工的难点和重点.以黔东火电厂排洪及供水隧洞为实例,采用FLAC3D软件分析了隧洞施工对高速公路路基沉降的影响特点.计算结果表明,加强超前支护是控制地层位移和路基沉降的有效手段,采用大管棚及超前小导管注浆技术能有效控制路基沉降并保证高速公路正常运营.在隧洞施工过程中对路基沉降进行了详细监测,监测结果表明隧洞开挖对高速公路路基有一定扰动,但对高速公路正常运营基本无影响.     

九岭山隧道塌方治理及塌方治理效果检测

武吉高速公路九岭山隧道是大庆至广州国家高速公路的重要控制性工程,当隧道开挖至ZK102 217时出现了塌方,滑塌范围高约19 m、宽约13 m,塌方量为4 000 m3。根据现场地质条件,分析认为围岩结构(弱风化板岩,钙质或硅质胶结,岩质坚硬,呈块状镶嵌结构)及地下裂隙水是产生塌方的主要原因。采用的处理措施是加强区段支护、回填塌腔、提高松散体的整体强度,并采用"稳住塌方区、固结塌体、超前加固"的分阶段处理方法。施工中采用φ42超前小导管超前支护、φ42系统小导管压浆固结等措施;开挖采用正台阶法以及拱脚加设锁脚小导管、侧壁施作中空注浆锚杆等措施;通过地质雷达无损检测手段对塌方处理效果进行检测,并根据检测结果进行二次处理。     

Analysis on Ground Surface Deformation and Influence of Construction Parameters Caused by Two Different Shield Machines in Double-tube Tunnelling北大核心CSCD

Based on a shield-driven running tunnel project of Hangzhou Metro Line 2, this paper carries out field measuring of the ground surface deformation caused by two different shield machines in double-tube tunnelling in soft soil areas, obtains the laws of the surface deformation caused by shield-driven double-tube tunnelling and verifies the applicability of the modified Peck formula to double-tube tunnelling. The results show that in soft soil areas the impacts on ground surface deformation caused by different shield construction parameters in the previously and subsequently excavated tunnels are different, while the surface deformation changes sharply before and after the shield machine passing through the cutting face, and a rebound phenomenon occurs when the shield tail passes through the cutting face due to the influence of the grouting; The cutterhead torque of the shield machine in soft soil areas can be composed of five calculation factors, and the calculation results are in good agreement with the measured values. The larger the opening rate of the shield cutterhead is, the larger the average torque value will be, the higher the percentage of large ground loss rate will be, and the larger the maximum ground surface settlement will be; The ratio of cutterhead torque T to mucking volume per ring Q is used as the control parameter for analyzing the ground surface settlement, and a certain positive correlation between the ratio and the surface settlement value is determined, the smaller the cutterhead opening rate is, the more accurate the fitting results will be. © 2022, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

预切槽技术及其应用中的关键技术问题

随着我国隧道建设的大发展,面临的复杂地质和环境问题以及劳动力紧张问题也越来越突出。预切槽法是一种独特的施工技术,是介于浅埋暗挖法和盾构法之间的一种方法,它和浅埋暗挖法配合可以形成复杂地质和地面环境下的新型隧道施工技术。采用此法可大大提高施工的机械化水平,同时可有效地控制地表沉降。文章论述了预切槽工法的机械组成、控制地层变形的基本原理以及应用中的关键技术问题,相信这种工法必将以其良好的控制地层变形能力和灵活性重新得到重视。     

桃树坪隧道富水未成岩粉细砂预加固施工技术

富水未成岩粉细砂隧道开挖后围岩极不稳定,呈流塑状,极易出现溜塌现象、造成初期支护变形侵限,甚至大的坍塌,严重影响到工程的质量、安全、工期及成本。为确保施工进度、安全及质量,必须采取预加固措施。文章结合兰渝铁路LYS-7标段桃树坪隧道出口段的施工实践,介绍了隧道出口富水未成岩粉细砂地层的高压旋喷注浆预加固技术。     

浅埋暗挖地铁隧道施工监测方法

文章以重庆市地铁一号线大坪车站临时施工便道为例，对在浅埋、软岩条件下既有隧道拆除采用工字钢支顶、风镐破岩，新建隧道采用台阶法环形开挖预留核心土、人工非爆破开挖的施工方法，通过现场监控量测，得出最大地表沉降仅为3.82mm，表明采用合理的施工方法可以减少地表沉降。     

Experimental evaluation of the efficiency of trenches for the mitigation of train-induced vibrations

In this work, the efficiency of absorbing barriers for the mitigation of ground vibrations induced by railway traffic has been evaluated by means of two different experimental campaigns conducted in situ, along the newly-built, high-speed railway line that connects the Italian cities of Milan and Bologna. In the first stage of testing, a series of ideal barriers created from unsupported empty trenches were tested to assess the effects of barrier depth on their efficiency in reducing vertical ground accelerations. The second stage of testing was performed to investigate the efficiency of a full-scale prototype barrier, made of a 2-meter-deep trench supported by two precast reinforced concrete plates connected by steel bars, during transit of an ETR 500 train at a speed of 120 km/h.