A regression and beam theory based approach for fatigue assessment of containership structures including bending and torsion contributions

Container shipping has been expanding dramatically during the last decade. Due to their special structural characteristics, such as the wide breadth and large hatch openings, horizontal bending and torsion play an important role to the fatigue safety of containerships. In this study the fatigue contributions from vertical bending, horizontal bending and torsion are investigated using full-scale measurements of strain records on two containerships. Further, these contributions are compared to results from direct calculations where a nonlinear 3D panel method is used to compute wave loads in time domain. It is concluded that both bending and torsion have significant impacts on the fatigue assessment of containerships. The stresses caused by these loads could be correctly computed by full-ship finite element analysis. However, this requires large computational effort, since for fatigue assessment purposes the FE analysis needs to be carried out for all encountered sea states and operational conditions with sufficient time steps for each condition. In this paper, a new procedure is proposed to run the structure finite element analysis under only one sea condition for only a few time steps. Then, these results are used to obtain a relationship between wave loads and structural stresses through a linear regression analysis. This relation can be further used to compute stresses for arbitrary sea states and operational conditions using the computed wave loads (bending and torsion moments) as input. Based on this proposed method for structure stress analysis, an efficient procedure is formulated and found to be in very good agreement with the full-ship finite element analysis. In addition it is several orders of magnitude more time efficient for fatigue assessment of containership structures.     

“穷举法”在油船货油舱分舱优化设计中的应用

为实现油船货油舱分舱优化,以一艘大型油船为例,根据MARPOL公约和共同结构规范(HCSR)的要求,在主尺度、船型和货油舱总舱容确定的情况下,以最小静水弯矩为优化目标,基于"穷举法"编制优化货油舱横舱壁位置的应用程序。实际应用结果表明,该程序可运用到油船的分舱优化中,能达到快速、合理地分舱,提高设计效率的目的。     

舰船加筋板局部强度评估中的总纵应力折减系数研究

舰船加强筋尺寸的合理确定一直是结构设计中的热点问题。本文综合考虑总纵弯曲应力和局部载荷的相互作用,研究加强筋的许用应力折减系数(C_s)的影响因素与合理取值方法。通过分析加强筋的力学模型、对比不同规范中的C_s取值,以及用非线性有限元软件Abaqus计算一系列加筋板模型,拟合C_s曲线并与规范对比,并验证剖面对称性和局部载荷作用方向对C_s取值的影响方式,丰富了舰船局部强度校核方法的技术背景,为板架设计、舰船三维局部校核程序开发提供借鉴。     

大断面异形盾构隧道弯矩传递系数原型加载试验研究

由于异形盾构隧道特殊的结构断面型式,管片设计暂无相关规范可循,故基于原型三环管片力学加载试验对异形盾构管片环向接头弯矩传递系数进行研究,研究结果表明:1)随埋深增加,异形盾构管片结构整体刚度提升,但由于各接头刚度与相邻管片结构刚度比随埋深增加变化规律不一致,异形盾构管片接头弯矩传递能力呈部分减弱部分增强的现象;2)同埋深条件下,随着侧压力系数的增加,除右拱腰处接头外,其余接头弯矩传递能力随着接头刚度与相邻管片结构刚度比的增大而逐渐增强;3)随着埋深增加,各接头弯矩传递能力对侧压力系数的敏感程度逐渐减弱;4)极限破坏后,异形盾构管片内外弧面裂缝的分布规律证明了明显的弯矩传递现象。     

CSR-H与CSR强度评估载荷的对比研究

对CSR-H 与CSR用于强度分析的载荷变化进行分析,对各载荷分量的包络值以及应用于等效设计波中的船体梁波浪弯矩、波浪剪力和外部海水压力、加速度等载荷分量的大小进行比较。分析货油舱、干散货舱、压载舱典型位置处的内部压力变化,并对载荷变化可能引起的结构要求变化进行分析和概括。     

考虑应变强化效应海底管道极限承载力研究

文章基于线性强化材料模型,推导了轴向拉力作用下海底管道极限弯矩承载力解析解,给出了海底管道在轴向拉力与弯矩载荷同时作用下的极限承载力的近似解,编制了海底管道极限承载力计算程序BCP。通过与实验结果的比对,验证了解析方法的正确性。结论表明考虑应变强化效应的海底管道极限承载力结算结果更为合理,该文可为海底管道的结构强度设计和安全性评价提供一定的参考依据。     

高频感应加工参数对船舶弯板成形的影响

采用ANSYS软件对低碳钢平板的高频感应线状加热弯板成形过程进行热弹塑性有限元分析,利用相关数值结果定性分析加热功率、热源移动速度成形热过程中板材温度场及最终面内收缩变形和角变形的影响,为船板成形自动化加工提供数据支持.     

Nonlinear three-dimensional wagon-track model for the investigation of rail corrugation initiation on curved track

A nonlinear wagon-track model on curved track has been developed to characterize rail corrugation formation due to self-excitation of the wheel-rail stick-slip process. In this model, wagon movements were described using up to 78 degrees of freedom (DOFs) to model a three-piece freight bogie. Innovatively, the wheelset movements are described using nine DOFs, including torsional and bending modes about the longitudinal and vertical directions. The track modelling is considered as a one-layer structure (two rail beams on discrete spring and damper elements). The wheel sliding after creepage saturation is considered in the wheel-rail interface modelling. Simulation of a case study shows that the frequencies of the wheel stick-slip process are composed of the basic frequency, which might come from the combined effect of sleeper-passing frequency and one-third of the combined torsional and bending frequency of the wheelset, and the double and triple basic frequencies, which form the wavelengths of rail corrugation at different situations.     

沥青路面弹性层状体系的三维有限元仿真分析

弹性层状体系理论,是当前国内外广泛使用的描述沥青路面结构的力学模型。以此模型为基础,采用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS分析轮载作用下沥青路面的弯沉分布状况,研究弯拉应力的变化规律,得出最大弯沉点在轮载中轴处的结论;同时揭示了面层层底不一定总受拉,受面层刚度和厚度影响,有时也有受压的规律。说明有限元实体仿真分析在路面结构分析中具有广泛前景。     

双孔平行地铁顺穿桥梁对桥梁桩基础影响研究

利用有限元分析软件建立桥梁基础及双孔地铁的模型,模拟地铁盾构的施工工况。研究盾构施工前后地铁隧道、周边土体变形趋势及其对地铁顺穿桥梁的桩基础轴力、弯矩、水平变形及沉降的影响。分析结果表明:隧道施工造成隧道上部土体沉降,下部土体隆起,隧道呈现椭圆形;其顺穿桥梁桩基轴力、弯矩增加幅度较大,桩基在地铁隧道深度以上竖向沉降,在隧道深度下局部桩体隆起,桩身位移呈现“3”字形,最大位移位于隧道中心标高与隧道底标高之间。