Planning guidelines for metro–bus interchanges by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model

The big paradigm for cities nowadays is to study the movement of pedestrians at the interface between metro and bus systems – metro–bus interchanges. When these interchanges are not well designed, walking is inefficient and can be unsafe for pedestrians. This paper analyses, by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model, metro–bus interchange spaces in order to propose planning guidelines for the city of Santiago de Chile. Specific objectives are (1) to identify the variables that provide efficiency and safety in those spaces; (2) to simulate different scenarios using the pedestrian simulation model LEGION; (3) to propose planning and design guidelines for pedestrian spaces at metro–bus interchanges; and (4) to contrast the recommendations in the recently opened terminal station on Line 1 of Metro de Santiago: Los Dominicos Station.     

营运大客车正面碰撞乘员伤害的研究

客车发生正面碰撞事故约占客车碰撞事故的50%~60%。利用LS-DYNA软件,建立了包括假人、安全带和安全气囊在内的大客车车体有限元模型,对不同速度下营运大客车的正面碰撞特性进行了模拟仿真计算,分析了无任何保护措施、佩戴安全带及佩戴安全带且安全气囊起爆三种事故形态下乘员头部HPC值、胸部压缩量和大腿骨轴向接触力等伤害值。研究结果表明,安全带对于驾驶员的保护意义重大,为营运大客车乘员保护设计以及合理制定营运大客车正面碰撞法规提供数据参考。     

逐日路径演化中出行者信息偏好的实验分析

在逐日出行过程中,出行者对各类信息的偏好是一个动态变化的过程,不同出行者对同类信息的偏好也不同.本研究搭建不同信息条件下逐日路径选择实验场景,用信息偏好系数表征不同类别信息对出行者感知时间影响的相对权重,研究出行者信息偏好的演化规律与分布特征.实验结果表明,出行个体信息偏好的演化存在3种类型,出行群体对感知时间的信息偏好系数先震荡增加后逐步稳定,出行个体对感知时间的信息偏好系数在出行群体中成正态分布.与只提供完全历史信息相比,同时提供基于指数平滑法的系统预测信息会降低出行者对感知时间的偏好.     

基于特征子序列修正的公交刷卡滞后时间推算

针对一票制公共交通IC卡刷卡系统存在的滞后时间问题,提出基于特征子序列修正的时差匹配推算方法。依托GPS车辆到站信息序列和刷卡聚类序列,分析首末站和中途站站间运行时间分布的差异化特征,分别从两序列中提取大时间差和连续小时间差等特征子序列;利用两种子序列间一对一或一对多的对应关系分别进行初步搜索和二次修正,兼顾匹配过程的效率和精度。将推算流程应用于山西省大同市公共汽车系统,结果显示,抽样车辆的刷卡匹配率均达到99%以上,并且针对不同类型的公共汽车线路具有较强的适应性。     

车路协同下考虑绿波协调的公交优先控制

在绿波协调控制交叉口群中,为分析公交优先控制对后续交叉口群的扰动,基于车流运行时间偏移分布,以概率期望描述了交叉口各相位绿时左端和右端时长变化引起的后续交叉口群在绿波带内、绿波带间的延误变化;采用组合优化的方法,以交叉口群在车速引导下的公交通行效益优化为上层模型,以交叉口群在公交优先控制下的延误优化为下层模型,对公交引导车速和信号控制参数进行协同优化.通过算例分析表明,公交优先控制模型有效提升了交叉口整体通行效益,最大化减小了对周边交叉口群的不利影响.     

基于多源数据的公交车能耗碳排放测算模型

公交车能耗碳排放强度与车辆、线路和驾驶员有显著相关关系，为精准刻画其能耗碳排放强度特征，整合OBD监测数据、加油(气)数据、运营排班数据等多源数据资源. OBD监测数据和加油(气)数据呈显著的线性关系，证明修正后的OBD监测数据可满足分析要求. 搭建“速度-能耗碳排放强度曲线”测算模型，幂函数关系的拟合优度R2 =0.972 6 为最高. 实证研究发现，平均速度在10~60 km/h 变化时，液化天然气(LNG)车比柴油车能耗碳排放强度高 3.3%~33.7%，双层车比铰接车高2.4%~13.3%；LNG铰接车在不同线路、相同速度下的强度相差9.6%；不同驾驶员在相同线路的能耗碳排放强度可相差24.2%. 模型为各城市基于多源数据开展公交能耗碳排放目标设定提供数据支撑.     

电子信息技术在智能交通信号控制系统中的运用研究

当前电子信息技术的发展水平已经达到了一定的高度,并且在智能交通信号的控制系统之中应用的频率非常高,对于系统的稳定运行起到了保障作用。本文主要针对智能交通信号控制系统与信息技术之间的关系进行研究,希望能够推动智能交通信号控制系统运行水平的提升,从而为广大群众的日常出行提供便利。     

A cost-competitiveness analysis of charging infrastructure for electric bus operations

This study investigates the cost competitiveness of different types of charging infrastructure, including charging stations, charging lanes (via charging-while-driving technologies) and battery swapping stations, in support of an electric public transit system. To this end, we first establish mathematical models to investigate the optimal deployment of various charging facilities along the transit line and determine the optimal size of the electric bus fleet, as well as their batteries, to minimize total infrastructure and fleet costs while guaranteeing service frequency and satisfying the charging needs of the transit system. We then conduct an empirical analysis utilizing available real-world data. The results suggest that: (1) the service frequency, circulation length, and operating speed of a transit system may have a great impact on the cost competitiveness of different charging infrastructure; (2) charging lanes enabled by currently available inductive wireless charging technology are cost competitive for most of the existing bus rapid transit corridors; (3) swapping stations can yield a lower total cost than charging lanes and charging stations for transit systems with high operating speed and low service frequency; (4) charging stations are cost competitive only for transit systems with very low service frequency and short circulation; and (5) the key to making charging lanes more competitive for transit systems with low service frequency and high operating speed is to reduce their unit-length construction cost or enhance their charging power.     

An integrated framework for embedding large-scale dynamic traffic assignment models in advanced traveler information systems

In recent years, increasing attention has been drawn to the development of various applications of intelligent transportation systems (ITS), which are credited with the amelioration of traffic conditions in urban and regional environments. Advanced traveler information systems (ATIS) constitute an important element of ITS by providing potential travelers with information on the network's current performance both en-route and pre-trip. In order to tackle the complexity of such systems, derived from the difficulty of providing real-time estimations of current as well as forecasts of future traffic conditions, a series of models and algorithms have been initiated. This paper proposes the development of an integrated framework for real-time ATIS and presents its application on a large-scale network, that of Thessaloniki, Greece, concluding with a discussion on development and implementation challenges as well as on the advantages and limitations of such an effort.     

非完美信息下京津冀区域物流设施选址研究

针对大规模物流设施选址问题,本文构建了非完美信息下设施可靠性选址的连续逼近模型.该模型不仅考虑了设施存在损坏的可能性,而且考虑了由于信息缺失顾客无法获得设施状态且存在返回出发地的行为.由于该模型的结果无法直接确定设施选址点,因此采用Disk算法对该模型的结果进行离散化,获得物流设施选址方案.以京津冀区域物流设施选址为例,验证了该模型有效性并对设施布局特性进行了分析.最后,通过灵敏度分析探讨了不同参数对京津冀区域物流设施选址的影响.