非接触式接触网检测车车体振动位移补偿系统

介绍了一种采用激光雷达(LMS)测距定位,非接触式测量接触网检测车车体振动位移系统,其基本原理是LMS得到车体相对于轨道的位移和角度,并通过以太网向从机发送数据.从机处理后向上级检测主机实时传输补偿数据,对动态拉出值进行补偿.     

Estimating the long-term effects of different passenger car technologies on energy/fuel consumption and emissions of greenhouse gases in Europe

Abstract

A stated preference (SP) experiment of car ownership was conducted in Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) of Maharashtra in India. A full factorial experiment was designed to considering various attributes such as travel time, travel cost, projected household income, car loan payment and servicing cost. Data on 357 individuals were collected which resulted in 3213 observations for the calibration of the work trip and recreational trip car ownership models. The car ownership alternatives considered 0, 1 and 2 cars. A multinomial logit framework was used to develop the car ownership model taking the household as a decision unit. The specification and results of the SP car ownership model are discussed. The observed and predicted values matched reasonably when the validity of the SP car ownership model was tested against revealed preference (RP) data. The car ownership models developed in this study exhibit a satisfactory goodness of fit. It is concluded that the SP modelling approach can be successfully used for modelling car ownership decisions of households in developing countries.     

私家车交通事故频发原因及防治措施

随着我国经济的迅速发展,汽车保有量急剧增加,私家车数量也大幅增多,由私家车引发的交通事故也随之呈现出上升趋势。从人为因素、车辆因素、道路因素及对私家车行车安全产生影响的诸多方面,探讨私家车交通事故频发的原因,并从私家车驾驶员、道路交通管理部门以及车辆技术的改进等方面提出防治措施。     

基于出行链方式的私人小汽车出行属性分析方法研究

在经济飞速增长,私人小汽车保有量迅速增加的背景下,本文以私人小汽车使用者为研究对象,旨在探索有效的出行行为分析方法,挖掘私人小汽车出行属性规律,为制定有效的私人小汽车管理措施,缓解城市交通拥挤提供重要的参考依据.本文首先从潜在内部属性和行为属性的角度对私人小汽车的出行属性进行分析;其次,引入基于家出行链分析方法,将基于...     

The tax treatment of company cars, commuting and optimal congestion taxes

In Europe, the preferential tax treatment of company cars implies that many employees receive a company car as part of their compensation package. In this paper, we consider a model in which wages and the decision whether or not to provide a company car are the result of direct negotiation between employer and employee. Using this framework, we theoretically and numerically study first- and second-best optimal tax policies on labour and transport markets, focusing on the role of the tax treatment of company cars. We obtain the following results. First, higher labour taxes and a more favourable tax treatment of company cars raise the fraction employees that receives a company car; congestion and congestion tolls reduce it. Second, in countries that provide large implicit subsidies to company cars, eliminating the preferential tax treatment of company cars may be an imperfect but quite effective substitute for currently unavailable congestion tolls. The numerical illustration, calibrated using Belgian data, suggests that it yields about half the welfare gain attainable through optimal congestion taxes. Third, the favourable tax treatment of company cars justifies large public transport subsidies; the numerical results are consistent with zero public transport fares. Finally, we find that earlier models that ignored the preferential tax treatment of company cars may have substantially underestimated optimal congestion tolls in Europe. The numerical illustration suggests that about one third of the optimal congestion toll we obtain can be attributed to the current tax treatment of company cars.     

高速客车迫导向转向架横向动力性能的研究

本文提供了一个高速客车迫导向转向架的方案,并对此建立了横向动力学模型,研究高速客车迫导向转向架的稳态曲线通过性能及横向稳定性。本文探讨了该转向架对高速线路曲线半径的要求,对迫导向机构参数的合理选择作了分析。      

空调客车车体顶部弓形封闭空腔自然对流换热研究

本文应用自然对流换热理论和数值计算方法,对空调客车车体顶部弓形封闭空腔自 然对流换热规律进行了模型研究,用数值方法求出了空腔当量导热系数,同时用差 分干涉仪对同尺寸模型进行了实测,两者结果取得了较好的一致。