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机场运营效率评价及影响因素分析对科学反映中国主要民用机场运营效率现状,实现中国民航业可持续发展,提高中国机场国际竞争力具有重要意义.本研究首先利用双重导向型DEA模型测算2006-2010年中国27个主要民用机场的运营效率,然后从宏观环境、行业与区域竞争及机场特征三个方面探索机场运营效率的影响因素.研究结果表明,2006-2010年中国主要民用机场的运营效率基本维持在较高水平;各机场的运营效率自2008年始均有不同程度的下降,且机场间运营效率的差异呈现逐年增大的趋势;腹地经济、机场规模、机场级别和一市多场等因素促进了机场运营效率的提升;区域竞争和行业竞争则不利于机场运营效率的提升.     

新型胎儿民事权力制度研究

文章针对我国当前胎儿无法享有民事权利这一问题,提出了一种新型胎儿民事权利制度,并说明了该制度的概念、特点和现实意义,从而有效地保护胎儿的民事权利能力。     

Factors Affecting Disaster Preparedness,Response, and Recovery Using the Community Capitals Framework

Abstract

Disaster research often focuses on how and why communities are affected by a discrete extreme event. We used the community capitals framework to understand how community characteristics influence their preparedness, response to, and recovery from successive or multiple disasters using the 1964 Good Friday Earthquake and the 1989 Exxon Valdez Oil Spill as case studies. This study assesses community response to these disasters by reviewing published literature on impacts to create profiles for six communities and by identifying community capitals before and during these disasters, and throughout the long-term recovery. While the presence of rich natural capitals commonly contributed resources to pre-disaster planning and long-term recovery, restriction of resource access immediately following the disasters was detrimental to many communities. Communities with strong political, social, and financial capitals tended to fare better immediately following disasters, enabling longer-term processes of transformation or recovery. However, in some communities the oil spill undermined these capitals more than the earthquake and resulting tsunami. In understanding how use and reliance on community capitals can lead to varied recovery success from different kinds of disasters, these findings can help coastal managers and planners prepare for future disasters.     

A tool for calculating aircraft emissions and its application to Greek airspace

This paper quantifies the impact of aircraft emissions on local air quality and climate change. Aircraft emissions during the cruise cycle and the landing/take-off cycle are considered. A tool is developed that computes emission values using real-time air traffic data derived from various databases. Emissions include carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. The overall output is a detailed ‘emissions map’ of a given territory that enables the identification of critical emission spots including routes, airports, season, aircraft type and flight category. The method can be used for real-time monitoring of airline emissions and for policy analysis. The proposed tool and resulting outputs are illustrated in the case of the Greek airport system using domestic, international and overflights. Demand volatility driven mainly by tourism and its impact on emissions is assessed.     

关角隧道通信防灾救援方案探讨*

以青藏线西宁至格尔木段关角隧道为典型工点案例,论述了目前铁路应急电话系统、视频监控系统及广播系统的建设现状,通过分析应急电话系统较传统区间通话方式的优点、常见视频监控系统编码格式,重点介绍了关角隧道防灾救援通信系统的设计方案、设备设置情况以及系统结构。对今后铁路项目中长及特长隧道防灾救援通信系统的工程设计具有很好的参考和借鉴作用。     

现浇混凝土框架结构火灾后加固设计探讨

现代建筑中钢筋混凝土的使用越来越广泛,伴随该类建筑物火灾的时有发生,混凝土结构遭受火灾后的损伤机理以及评估和加固方法正受到越来越多的设计人员和研究人员的关注,并开展了相应的研究.以一个实际现浇混凝土框架结构局部遭受火灾为例,从火灾后的检测、受损鉴定和加固设计方法几个方面进行了讨论,在此基础上,对加固修复方法提出了一些新的建议,对今后类似结构有一定的参考价值.     

深埋隧道岩溶突水灾害的地质条件研究

研究目的:明确岩溶山区深埋隧道施工突水灾害形成的地质条件,给隧道施工地质超前预报工作提供技术基础。研究方法:在现场调研的基础上,对宜万铁路岩溶地区的隧道工程进行了多方面的分析。研究结果:得出了深埋隧道施工过程中揭露的深部岩溶地质特征,岩溶洞穴、管道的形成与地层岩性、岩层构造、褶皱形态、岩层产状、断层特征等岩性构造因素的相关性,以及岩溶地貌和地下水条件与隧道突水灾害的关系。研究结论:岩溶突水地质灾害可能发生的工程位置与岩性分异界面、岩层接触界面、褶皱核部转折端、断层等地质因素有密切关系,这些部位是大型岩溶洞穴可能出现的位置,因此隧道线路上这些地质位置也是岩溶突水灾害形成的可能部位。在此基础上提出了岩溶山区隧道施工过程中岩溶灾害危险地段的判定原则。     

贵州省岑巩县地质灾害现状及防治对策

岑巩县主要地质灾害类型为滑坡,也见崩塌和地面塌陷,其形成除特殊的地形地貌和岩性组合特征外,与人为地质作用关系也密切。建立地质灾害防治的奖惩制度是改善生态环境减灾防灾的重要手段,监测责任落实到个人是实行部门负责制。     

赤平投影分析原理及在矿山地灾评估中的应用

矿山岩质边坡的稳定性主要受节理面控制,边坡的破坏主要是由节理面切割形成的楔形体失稳造成的。楔形体的稳定性,通常采用赤平极射投影进行分析,能得出定性的分析,能够满足地灾的要求!     

辽宁省主要的环境水文地质灾害及防治研究

综合分析了由于地下水过量开采及三废排放等原因引发一系列环境水文地质灾害问题,诸如地下水水位持续下降形成区域地下水降落漏斗并不断扩张、含水层疏干、海水入侵、供水井吊泵、地面沉降和塌陷等,并初步探讨了灾害发生过程中的力学机制,对引发环境水文地质灾害的动力学因素进行详细阐述。研究结果表明:以多孔介质中孔隙水运移规律为主线,结合地下水动力学、岩土力学、水文地质学原理进行多学科交叉综合研究,动态地预测预报在未来环境水文地质条件下地面变形、溶质运移和浓度扩散状况与趋势,并且根据预测预报结果提出相应的工程防控措施,可为水文地质部门灾害的防治提供决策依据,这对于定性研究灾害发生发展的预测预报具有重要的现实意义。