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21.
航空业的迅猛发展,在带来巨大经济、社会效益的同时,也造成日益严重的噪声污染.为缓解机场周边噪声问题,贯彻"绿色飞行"理念,本文从飞行程序优化和飞行架次调整两方面进行航空器离场噪声控制研究.采用计权等效连续感觉噪声级为评价指标,应用累积事件噪声计算模型,以广州白云机场为例,绘制噪声等值线图,计算噪声影响面积,分析噪声控制效果及原因.结果表明,CCO减噪程序和飞行架次调整两种方法均可有效减少噪声影响面积,但噪声控制方法各有利弊,实践过程中应扬长避短灵活运用. 相似文献
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李寿初 《上海交通大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2012,20(2):20-26,33
自由主义认为,正义源于契约,通过契约正义本身就得到了证明.这是对契约与正义之间关系的误解.契约必然能导向形式正义,但并非必然能导向实质正义.依据价值基本原理,实质正义是正义实体与正义标准发生联系时的客观属性,与契约没有直接关联. 相似文献
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The appropriate duration of time diaries as a source of time use data is analyzed in a structured way. Nine detailed European surveys based on seven-days diaries are used in order to study different dimensions of data quality, duration and variability of activities, and modeling capabilities. Pseudo diaries of 1, 2 (one week, one weekend) and 3 (one week, both weekend) days are constructed to further analyze these issues, selecting the seven-days diaries data as a benchmark. Comparative results show that two and three-days weighted surveys seem to be an adequate surrogate for the information obtained in weekly surveys that capture a basic work–leisure cycle. 相似文献
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Mutual interactions between transportation and land use have long been debated. Despite progress made in computational technology, the study of these interactions is not adequately developed. The most important aspect of such interactions is given by the changes in land values due to changes in transportation infrastructures. We consider the behavioural features of these interactions along with the constraints on the land and/or zoning restrictions and propose a reliable model for the first time to predict land value changes with respect to changes in transportation facilities and accessibility. The proposed model is a logit-based mathematical programming methodology where the relative price of land is predicted with respect to transportation accessibility, neighbourhood amenities, location premium, availability of land, and zoning regulations. A real-world case study is used to exhibit the applicability of the proposed methodology and demonstrate the efficacy of the algorithms and procedures. 相似文献
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对高速三体船的研究进展进行了综述,阐述了高速三体船的应用前景,归纳评述了有关的研究成果和尚存在的问题,并提出了关于这种新船型的若干研究方向。 相似文献
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ABSTRACTThe deterministic traffic assignment problem based on Wardrop's first criterion of traffic network utilization has been widely studied in the literature. However, the assumption of deterministic travel times in these models is restrictive, given the large degree of uncertainty prevalent in urban transportation networks. In this context, this paper proposes a robust traffic assignment model that generalizes Wardrop's principle of traffic network equilibrium to networks with stochastic and correlated link travel times and incorporates the aversion of commuters to unreliable routes.The user response to travel time uncertainty is modeled using the robust cost (RC) measure (defined as a weighted combination of the mean and standard deviation of path travel time) and the corresponding robust user equilibrium (UE) conditions are defined. The robust traffic assignment problem (RTAP) is subsequently formulated as a Variational Inequality problem. To solve the RTAP, a Gradient Projection algorithm is proposed, which involves solving a series of minimum RC path sub-problems that are theoretically and practically harder than deterministic shortest path problems. In addition, an origin-based heuristic is proposed to enhance computational performance on large networks. Numerical experiments examine the computational performance and convergence characteristics of the exact algorithm and establish the accuracy and efficiency of the origin-based heuristic on various real-world networks. Finally, the proposed RTA model is applied to the Chennai road network using empirical data, and its benefits as a normative benchmark are quantified through comparisons against the standard UE and System Optimum (SO) models. 相似文献
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柴油发动机掺烧生物柴油的经济性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了更好地评价柴油机燃用生物柴油的经济性,分析了生物柴油和0#石化柴油的理化性质,分别对生物柴油的体积分数为0.2,0.5,1的B20、B50、B100 3种燃料和0#柴油在495Q3柴油机上进行了试验。试验结果显示燃用3种燃料的燃油消耗率比0#柴油在中小负荷时平均增加5.30%,9.65%,19.04%,大负荷时平均增加2.86%,4.75%,9.64%;能量等值折合油耗率在中小负荷时平均增加2.65%,2.63%,5.74%,大负荷时平均降低0.26%,1.97%,4.80%。 相似文献