Identification of potential sites for deep-ocean waste isolation with a geographic site-selection model

Identification of optimal sites for the isolation of waste on the abyssal seafloor was performed with two approaches: by the traditional method of map overlays of relevant attributes, and by a specially developed, automated Site-Selection Model (SSM). Five initial, Surrogate Sites, identified with the map-overlay approach, were then compared with the more rigorously produced scores from the SSM. The SSM, a process for optimization of site locations, accepts subjective, expert-based judgments and transforms them into a quantitative, reproducible, and documented product. The SSM is adaptable to any siting scenario. Forty-one factors relevant to the isolation scenario, including 21 weightable factors having a total of 123 scorable categories, have been entered into the SSM. Factors are grouped under project definition, unique environments, anthropogenic, geologic, biologic, weather, oceanographic and distance criteria. The factor scores are linked to a georeferenced database array of all factors, corresponding to 1°×1° latitude–longitude squares. The SSM includes a total of 2241 one-degree squares within 1000 n.m. of the U.S. coasts, including the western North Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, and the eastern North Pacific. Under a carefully weighted and scored scenario of isolation, the most favorable sites identified with the SSM are on the Hatteras and Nares Abyssal Plains in the Atlantic. High-scoring sites are also located in the Pacific abyssal hills province between the Murray and Molokai Fracture Zones. Acceptable 1° squares in the Gulf of Mexico are few and of lower quality, with the optimum location on the northern Sigsbee Abyssal Plain. Two of the five Surrogate Site locations, on the Hatteras and Sigsbee Abyssal Plains, correspond to the best SSM sites in each ocean area. Two Pacific and a second Atlantic Surrogate Site are located in low-scoring regions or excluded by the SSM. Site-selection results from the SSM, although robust, are an initial attempt to quantify the site-selection process. The SSM database exposes a significant lack of high-quality information for many areally mappable attributes on the abyssal seafloor, particularly bottom-current speed and measures of biologic productivity and flux. Terminologies and classifications of some measures, such as sediment types, suffer from parochialism and vary by ocean. Considerable research is needed even for a broad understanding of the environmental measures required to make sound societal decisions about use of the abyssal seafloor for disposal or other purposes.     

近期典型桥梁事故回顾、分析与启示

对1813~2018年期间的584起桥梁事故进行分析，将桥梁倒塌原因分为施工、自然灾害、设计、意外荷载、耐久性等5类。各原因在倒塌事故中所占比例分别为42.1%、30.0%、11.6%、12.7%、3.6%。除自然灾害外，设计施工不合理为主要原因，而事故发生大多是多种原因综合的结果。以近几年9起典型桥梁倒塌事故为例，分析比较各种倒塌桥梁的主要破坏模式，得到以下启示：①国内大部分梁桥上部结构的平面外位移约束构造不足，在任何一个平面内都不应该是可变体系是国内桥梁设计施工中需要注意的问题；②在应用新工艺、新结构和拆除旧桥时，应加强各种施工工况下的验算；③建议加强桥梁巡查，预防和禁止汽车超载以及桥梁附近大规模堆载；④应注重桥梁结构尤其是斜拉桥和悬索桥等特大桥梁的日常养护管理，当养护力量不足时，尽量选择养护要求较低的桥型。     

某集装箱堆场地基方案设计和评估

已运行了8年的集装箱空箱堆场拟升级为重箱堆场。通过现场勘探和土工试验确定土层当前的设计参数并加以分析计算。结果表明:地基的承载能力和工后沉降不能满足设计荷载要求,提出了分级堆箱预压的解决方案。     

武广客运专线红粘土CFG桩复合地基桩体变形研究

为研究红粘土复合地基中CFG桩的变形特性,在CFG桩内埋设混凝土应变计进行监测,结合室内土工试验,分析了红粘土复合地基中CFG桩桩身不同部位应变随荷载、时间的变化规律及其内在作用机理。结果表明:CFG桩在施加上覆荷载之前就存在初始内应力,桩顶下一定部位存在一初始应变零点;红粘土的膨胀性对CFG桩桩体变形有重要影响,复合地基需要较长的时间进行内部变形调整;变形稳定后,桩体中存在两个应变零点,拉压区域交替出现。     

小寨特大桥综合勘察及场地稳定性评价

结合镇宁至胜境关高速公路小寨特大桥工程实际,采用工程地质钻探、槽探、洞探、现场原位试验并结合地表工程地质调绘等方法对桥位区的水文地质与工程地质条件进行了综合勘察,并对桥位的合理性、场地稳定性和不良地质体进行了评价,提出了＂先边坡治理后基础开挖＂的施工方案,保证了大桥施工安全和工期。     

南京长江四桥北锚锭基础施工方案

以南京长江四桥北锚碇基础为例,介绍大型沉井在岩面倾斜、高差大、地层性质不均,砂土液化严重以及施工场地狭小的条件下施工的方法和经验。     

佛山地铁盾构隧道深厚软土地层预处理方法探究

穿越深厚软土地层的地铁盾构隧道在长期循环荷载作用下，面临不均匀沉降、结构变形超限及其引起的渗漏水、局部结构劣化等病害难题，影响隧道结构全寿命使用功能。以佛山地铁3号线工程为背景，从施工风险、环境影响、投资及运营期结构安全角度出发，对国内地铁工程常用的软土地层土体加固工法进行分析，提出采用格栅式三轴搅拌桩加固作为地层预处理措施。对2种三轴深层水泥搅拌桩加固布置方案进行数值计算分析，对比管片内力与变形差异，确定推荐方案，并通过工程实践进行验证。数值计算与现场监测结果表明： 1）盾构隧道穿越深厚淤泥层时的加固宽度应不小于拱腰外侧3 m，深度应进入下部较好持力层0.5 m左右； 2）与未加固地层相比，地基加固处理后隧道变形可减小30%~40%，结构未发生明显的应力集中。     

基于计算模型运用Civil3D实现路网场地整体优化的设计方法

提出基于条件极值的场地标高计算模型,采用该模型进行场地设计可实现地块与地块之间、地块与道路之间的土石方总体最优。通过工程实例介绍应用Civil3D实现该模型的场地设计方法,该方法效率较高,适用面较广,适合各种情况下的园区场地设计。     

基于SOM神经网络的民用爆炸物品配送中心选址决策

由于民用爆炸物品的特殊性,其物流配送中心的选址与一般物流配送中心的选址有着很大的不同,特别是其安全性条件应重点考虑.利用SOM神经网络对影响民用爆炸物品配送中心选址的各种因素进行分析和处理,较客观地对多个候选方案进行了选优决策.算例分析表明,该方法通过神经元之间的竞争来实现各种关系的分类,能很好地符合民用爆破物品配送中心选址决策的各项要求.     

光纤分布式接触网开关远程监控系统的应用

结合工程实际,介绍一种新型的基于光纤现场总线的铁路枢纽接触网开关监控系统。