高速公路机电系统升级的趋势、现状和要点

中国高速公路的不断建设,对高速公路机电系统提出了更高的要求.介绍了机电系统现状,分析了其将来的发展趋势,并指出了升级的要点.     

钢管-钢管混凝土复合拱桥实桥静载测试与分析

进行了第一座钢管 - 钢管混凝土复合拱试验桥--福建福鼎山前大桥实桥静载测试和有限元模拟分析,对钢管-钢管混凝土复合拱静力性能进行了讨论,研究表明,复合拱的静力性能与等截面拱相近,但拱肋变截面处应变应是设计中的控制因素,极限承载力分析应考虑双重非线性的影响.     

静态爆破工艺在旧桥改造中的应用

阐述了静态爆破施工的作用机理和施工工艺,通过与常规爆破工艺相比较,论证了该工艺具有的造价低、无振动、无噪声、无粉尘、无飞石、无毒气污染等特点和其广泛的推广应用价值.     

大直径钢管桩承载力恢复过程试验研究

针对目前预制桩承载力恢复特性研究与工程应用中的不足,依托西非某海工工程,提出高应变法。采用对同一钢管桩进行初打与不同休止时间复打相结合的试验方法,研究了大直径钢管桩沉桩后的承载力恢复过程。结合地质情况、沉桩与试验结果,得到了钢管桩承载力、侧阻力及端阻力随时间变化的一般规律及影响因素,并通过静载试验对研究结果进行了验证。该研究在提高项目施工效率、降低成本的同时,还得到了有意义的规律与结论,可为后续类似项目提供参考。     

Using GPS-data to determine optimum electric vehicle ranges: A Michigan case study

Fuel-switching personal transportation from gasoline to electricity offers many advantages, including lower noise, zero local air pollution, and petroleum-independence. But alleviations of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are more nuanced, due to many factors, including the car’s battery range. We use GPS-based trip data to determine use type-specific, GHG-optimized ranges. The dataset comprises 412 cars and 384,869 individual trips in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. We use previously developed algorithms to determine driver types, such as using the car to commute or not. Calibrating an existing life cycle GHG model to a forecast, low-carbon grid for Ann Arbor, we find that the optimum range varies not only with the drive train architecture (plugin-hybrid versus battery-only) and charging technology (fast versus slow) but also with the driver type. Across the 108 scenarios we investigated, the range that yields lowest GHG varies from 65 km (55+ year old drivers, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid) to 158 km (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only). The optimum GHG reduction that electric cars offer – here conservatively measured versus gasoline-only hybrid cars – is fairly stable, between 29% (16–34 year old drivers, overnight charging, battery-only) and 46% (commuters, ultrafast charging, plugin-hybrid). The electrification of total distances is between 66% and 86%. However, if cars do not have the optimum range, these metrics drop substantially. We conclude that matching the range to drivers’ typical trip distances, charging technology, and drivetrain is a crucial pre-requisite for electric vehicles to achieve their highest potential to reduce GHG emissions in personal transportation.     

大直径盾构管片水平拼装试验方法探究

大直径盾构管片水平拼装试验存在效率低下甚至失败的情况,不能真实全面反映产品尺寸精度。分析其原因除大直径管片体积大、重量大的因素外,主要原因在于现有的试验设备工装简陋、试验方法粗放、规范要求低等。结合当前水平拼装的规范要求,分析现有试验方法存在的不足,对现有拼装设备工装进行改造,制定高标准的、更加严格的工艺措施,创造性地提出在每层管片拼装时增加标高检测的新思路。将新方法应用于南京长江第五大桥夹江隧道工程管片水平拼装试验,结果良好,证明了此试验方法的科学性与有效性。     

运梁河特大桥转体梁不平衡重称重试验分析

哈大客专运粮河特大桥跨既有线连续梁采用平转法施工,为确保转体顺利进行,转体前进行了T构不平衡重试验分析,文中介绍了一种转体构件不平衡重的测试方法和应用过程。结果表明,方法有效可行,可供同类工程借鉴。     

新能源电力推进对比分析

文章基于全球低碳节能政策,研究并概述了直流微网新能源电力推进系统及其关键技术,对比了以太阳能、蓄电池、氢燃料电池等为主动力的电力推进系统,并分析其性能、综合效率及实际船舶应用,对推进绿色船舶、节能减排等具有重要的实际意义。     

Consumer preferences for battery electric vehicles: A choice experimental survey in China

To accelerate the diffusion of battery electric vehicles (BEVs), consumer preferences for different products and policy attributes must be determined. Although previous studies have investigated consumer preferences for some product attributes, including purchase price, operation cost, driving range, and charging time, limited studies have discussed the broader aspects of product attributes, such as battery warranty and depreciation rate. Moreover, market-oriented incentives, including the personal carbon trading (PCT) scheme and the tradable driving credits (TDC) scheme, can theoretically be effective alternatives to expensive purchase subsidies. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence that confirms the influence of these two schemes on BEV adoption. To fill these gaps, we conducted a stated preference choice experimental survey in China and investigated the effect of product attributes, existing policy incentives, and two emerging market-oriented incentives on BEV adoption. Our results reveal that along with the main product attributes, battery warranty has a significant positive effect on inducing mainstream consumers to adopt BEVs while no preference difference occurs among existing policy incentives after purchase subsidies are abolished. For young consumers, almost all incentives that reduce the operation cost (e.g., PCT) or increase convenience (e.g., TDC) can increase their adoption of BEVs. These findings can provide important implications for the government with regard to designing novel incentives and promoting BEV adoption.     

SS4B电力机车转向架可视化标准作业系统研究

SS_4B型电力机车转向架结构复杂,检修工序繁琐,对作业人员的检修技能培训要求高,针对目前培训方式存在的问题,提出建立转向架可视化标准作业系统,综合利用多媒体技术、数字化建模技术以及虚拟现实技术,构建集三维动画和人机交互功能于一体,信息集中化、培训作业标准化、培训时空自由化、周期短且考核针对性强的可视化培训系统,实现对SS_4B型电力机车转向架系统的内部结构、检修流程及其动态拆装过程的逼真模拟,提升实操培训效率和沉浸式体验,提高检修人员技能水平。