船上实施听力保护的技术要求及应用

船舶噪声对船员的听力损伤是众所周知的,甚至发生部分船员的永久性听力损失。国际海事组织第91届海安会通过了新的《船上噪声等级规则》,围绕实施噪声规则,分析了听力保护的技术要求和正确选用听力保护器的技术依据,探讨了佩戴听力保护器对语言交流和感受听觉信号造成的影响。强调必须开展听力损伤的风险评估,并对识别听力损伤的特殊风险因素提出了建议。     

构建科学的员工绩效管理体系探讨

文章针对当前国有企业绩效管理中常见问题,分析存在问题的原因,并结合企业绩效管理实践,提出建立和改善绩效管理体系的对策和建议。     

A new composite decision support framework for strategic and sustainable transport appraisals

This paper concerns the development of a new decision support framework for the appraisal of transport infrastructure projects. In such appraisals there will often be a need for including both conventional transport impacts as well as criteria of a more strategic and/or sustainable character. The proposed framework is based on the use of cost-benefit analysis featuring feasibility risk assessment in combination with multi-criteria decision analysis and is supported by the concept of decision conferencing. The framework is applied for a transport related case study dealing with the complex decision problem of determining the most attractive alternative for a new fixed link between Denmark and Sweden – the so-called HH-connection. Applying the framework to the case study made it possible to address the decision problem from an economic, a strategic, and a sustainable point of view simultaneously. The outcome of the case study demonstrates the decision making framework as a valuable decision support system (DSS), and it is concluded that appraisals of transport projects can be effectively supported by the use of the DSS. Finally, perspectives of the future modelling work are given.     

基于生命周期理论的我国收费公路发展分析

收费公路类似自然生命,其成长和发展必然为一个具有若干阶段的连续过程。基于生命周期理论,对我国收费公路体系生命周期进行了探讨和分析。结果表明,2000年以后,我国收费公路进入成熟期;在2030年达到峰值后,收费公路在总量上开始缩减,进入衰退期,新的发展趋势也将逐渐体现。     

Estimating economic and resilience consequences of potential navigation infrastructure failures: A case study of the Monongahela River

The paper examines the potential effects of failure of heavily used, outdated locks and dams on the Monongahela River in southwestern Pennsylvania. Catastrophic failure would result in lengthy outage of barge traffic. The displaced volume of coal shipments from mines to power plants is estimated using Energy Information Administration survey data. The resilience of the impacted facilities, the viability of their shipping alternatives, and their ability to re-organize into new markets is assessed. Lost revenues are estimated for facilities that close due to an inability to adapt, as well as the replacement cost of towboats and barges trapped by a catastrophic and sudden failure. The aggregate costs to these facilities as a result of a year-long closure are estimated at $0.56-1.7 billion.     

铁路电务专业系统绩效考核机制建设的探索与实践

从分析传统考核机制存在的问题入手,探索建立一套以月度专项检查考核、季度综合管理评价考核、半年度管理诊断评价考核、年度安全评估为主线的绩效考核机制;通过与传统的电务绩效考核机制进行对比,阐述新时期电务绩效考核机制建设的主要特点,并对其实施效果和体会进行了分析。     

农村公路资金渠道配置评价的相对标度法

为评判农村公路资金渠道配置的相对合理性,在分析中国农村公路建设和养护资金渠道基础上,提出资金渠道配置评价的相对标度法。利用相对标度计算各资金渠道的重要度(权重),定义一个"标准"地区,确定标志值,估计反映各渠道配置相对合理性的匹配系数并求和,给出中国农村公路建设和养护资金主要渠道的权重参考值。实例计算结果表明:该方法简单、实用,且具有很强的灵活性,可用来优化农村公路资金渠道配置。     

我国汽车产业循环经济模式的研究

在借鉴和总结国内外汽车产业在生态设计、减量化制造、废旧汽车回收再利用等方面的先进经验基础上,提出了汽车产业实施循环经济的"4R"原则,按产品生命周期的不同阶段分别探讨了实施循环经济的有效途径,并结合我国的实际特点,提出了相关的政策建议。     

平原水网区公路的病害分析

计算分析了平原水网区1级以下公路的病害问题。研究认为,重载交通、不合理的路面结构、较低的路基高度、较高的地下水位,是平原水网区1级以下公路早期病害的关键原因。采用多孔隙骨架密实型水稳碎石基层,或水泥石灰土碎石基层,可有效延长路面结构疲劳寿命。沥青碎石基层并不是最理想的基层结构。考虑重载交通的影响,粉性土路基的最小填土高度应在2 m以上。当路基高度难以满足要求时,应加大地基的处理深度。高地下水位对基层和底基层,尤其是对底基层的疲劳寿命具有很大的影响。     

试论全寿命分析法在路面设计中的应用

全寿命设计方法是一项较新的设计理念,将其用于路面设计目前为止还不多。讨论了美国相关法案(Pave- ment Division Interim Technical Bulletin)中的路面全寿命分析(LCCA)方法,并基于该思路提出了路面全寿命设计方法,试图建立全寿命路面设计的初步体系。