Young drivers and graduated licensing: The Ontario case

Despite improvements in road safety over the past several decades, accident rates remain high for young drivers. One accident countermeasure that is expected to improve the safety record of this group is graduated licensing. The philosophy behind this licensing system is that novice drivers, of whom the majority are young, should be restricted to relatively safe driving environments during the initial learning period. Graduated licensing was implemented in the Province of Ontario, Canada in 1994. The objective of this study is to estimate the potential benefits and costs for young drivers associated with two components of the Ontario graduated licensing package: the late-night driving curfew and the high-speed roadway restrictions. Based on accident and travel data for the year 1988, accident-involvement rates per kilometre driven were calculated for different driver groups for various combinations of time of day and roadway speed limit. These rates were then applied to the expected mobility profiles of young drivers affected by graduated licensing. The results of the study support the late-night curfew and suggest that this component of the licensing package should reduce total accident involvements for the affected group by up to 10 percent and fatal accident involvements by up to 24 percent, while reducing their total driving by only four percent. By contrast, the empirical evidence suggest that the high-speed roadway restrictions are likely to increase accident involvements, and thus it is strongly recommended that this component of Ontario's graduated licensing package be changed.     

控制和管理一体化的DCS系统

阐述工业控制和管理一体化ＤＣＳ系统的重要性，介绍了一种网桥，将２＋控制网和ＮＯＶＥＬＬ网连网，并给出了具体的系统图和接口电路图。     

两次定位法船体总段大合拢

对中小型船舶建造中常用的船体总段大合拢方法,包括合拢前的工艺准备、合拢的工艺过程、防变形手段和质量控制以及环形焊缝的焊接等作了全面论述,提出在大接头焊接缝加马板;加放焊缝横向收缩补偿量等控制变形的具体措施。     

论港口建设工程造价的全过程管理

港口建设工程造价的控制与管理是一个动态的过程,文中重点分析了在项目投资决策阶段、项目设计阶段、项目实施阶段和竣工阶段全过程造价管理的方法与侧重点,以提高投资效益。     

舰用ICR燃气轮机PSR瞬态响应特性的数值分析

基于能量守恒原理和PSR（一次表面回热器）的结构特点，导出回热器冷热流体和固体问壁非稳态温度变化的微分方程式；利用直观的流动扰动因子M修正传热系数k，研究热流体进口温度和流量发生阶跃变化时PSR的响应时间；还分析了PSR传热波纹板片的数目，1、几何尺寸及通道波纹形状对温度响应时间的影响。研究结果表明，由于PSR的固体壁面时间常数远小于板翅式和管壳式换热器，因此这种轻重结构的先进换热器响应特性明显优于常规热交换器，特别适用于那些要求机动多变、反应灵敏的舰船和车用燃气轮机动力装置。     

光学仪器法快速找寻轴系理论中心线的研究

舰船轴系装调过程中,理论中心线的确定方法有多种。本文采用光学仪器法快速找寻轴系理论中心线,理论支持性强,高效而独特,具有较强的实用性。     

"公交优先"大环境下的城市公交客车市场发展趋势

针对我国目前城市公交的特点及现阶段存在的主要问题,对国家“公交优先”的政策进行解读,并对“公交优先”环境下城市公交客车市场的发展趋势进行预测。     

土工格栅在治理沥青路面裂缝中的应用

裂缝是沥青路面常见病害。应用非织造土工织物——多功能双向土工格栅治理高等级公路沥青路面的裂缝,取得了良好的效果,并对土工格栅的应用进行了定量计算。     

基于对流效应的寒区路堤块石层临界高度研究

为了研究块石路堤降温效应与块石层高度之间的关系,基于多孔介质自然对流理论和热传导理论引入了表征寒区块石路堤自然对流降温效应的自然对流指数,利用热传导温度分布函数获得了路堤自然对流指数随块石层高度变化的近似公式。分析表明:自然对流指数最小值对应于路堤块石层的最小高度,而其最大值对应于路堤块石层的最大高度。另外介绍了一种利用自然对流指数近似公式估算路堤块石层临界高度的方法,并具体给出了算例,最后进行了数值验算。结果表明:通过自然对流指数确定的临界高度可为寒区工程的路堤设计提供参考。     

Experimental study on the width of the turbulent area around bridge pier

At present, the method of calculating the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier is not given in the "Standard for Inland River Navigation" (GB50139-2004) in China, and the bridge designer usually increases the bridge span in order to ensure the navigation safety, which increases both of the structural design difficulty and the project investments. Therefore, it is extremely essential to give a research on the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier. Through the experiments of the fixed bed and the mobile bed, the factors influencing the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier have been analyzed, such as the approaching flow speed, the water depth, the angles between the bridge pier and the flow direction, the sizes of bridge pier, the shapes of the bridge pier, and the scouring around the bridge pier, etc. Through applying the dimension analytic method to the measured data, the formula of calculating the turbulent flow width around the bridge pier is then inferred.