Evaluating the effects of green port policy: Case study of Kaohsiung harbor in Taiwan

The paper evaluates the effectiveness of strategies designed to reduce these pollutants in port areas, based on a newly developed assessment model to calculate emissions. The case study found that the strategy of reducing the ship’s speed to 12 knots is most effective in cutting fuel consumption and costs, as well as emissions. Adopting an onshore power supply system could reduce CO₂ emission by 57.16% and PM by 39.4%. By adopting the strategies of both reduced speed and cold ironing emissions control, a reduction in emissions of 71% to 91% can be achieved with a 20 nautical mile reduced speed zone. Therefore, the goals of reductions in emissions to improve port areas air quality could be achieved through adopting a green port policy in the future.     

成昆铁路矮塔斜拉桥索梁锚固区模型试验研究北大核心

为研究铁路矮塔斜拉桥索梁锚固区的受力形式,以成昆铁路金沙江大桥为工程背景,针对该桥采用的新型梁顶混凝土锚固构造,通过缩尺模型试验研究其在不同荷载下的应力分布和开裂特征。结果表明:在斜拉桥成桥恒载索力作用以及最不利荷载组合索力作用下,C7锚固块更容易发生破坏,将其作为试验构件开展缩尺模型试验,发现锚固块在不同张拉荷载作用下张拉至设计索力的过程中,应变增幅基本上线性增加,卸载后同样呈线性减小,说明混凝土受力处在线弹性阶段,且应力在规范要求范围内。在试验荷载加载至140%设计索力时,锚固块前端倒角位置开始出现细小裂纹且随荷载的增加不断开展。当荷载卸载至0时,之前出现的裂缝随荷载的减小逐渐闭合,宽度肉眼不可见,表明该构造能够满足正常使用要求且具备足够的安全储备。     

防止电力机车进入无电单元(区)的安全预警方法

针对目前计划内接触网停电时电力机车进入无电单元(区)的问题,提出了基于动态停电作业区域数据对比库语音、屏幕鼠标点击坐标和高清成像分析进行“三元素二阶段”处理对比方法,以减少人员操作失误和损失。机车/车次信息及对应机车属性先由操作人员办理接发列预告(办理闭塞)的语音识别获取,再通过TDCS/CTC终端机非上位机获取并核对机车/车次信息及对应机车属性信息,第1阶段获取排列列车进路及调车进路口呼内容语音识别所关联的设备名称与无电单元(区)信息进行对比,此步可以预防错误操作;第2阶段可获取屏幕鼠标点击坐标对应的设备名称、并通过高清成像分析计算机联锁界面上已排列好的进路光带所包含的设备名称,进行对比后,报警提示改正错误操作即取消进路操作。通过以上方法能有效防止电力机车进入无电单元(区),可为铁路现场相关业务领域提供参考。     

“s”型覆岩空间结构的冲击地压危险区预测

基于微地震监测和覆岩空间结构理论，以山东华丰矿1410工作面为例，分析了“s”型覆岩空间结构的形成，利用理论方法和微地震监测预测并圈定了华丰矿1410工作面发生冲击地压的危险区域，研究了“s”型覆岩空间结构的冲击地压危险区分布规律，为现场预测和控制冲击地压灾害提供了理论基础。     

Obsolete Maps and Coastal Management: Case Studies from Northwest Ireland

On dynamic coastal sites, subject to rapid and sometimes unpredictable shoreline changes, management problems can be aggravated if legally authoritative maps are obsolete. These difficulties are illustrated by two case studies from County Donegal in northwest Ireland. The first case study outlines the problems that arise where statutory functional area boundaries are based on a near century-old map. The second case study deals with the problems of planning development on a site where a customized map only a few years old has been rendered obsolete by rapid coastal erosion. Other problems are caused by the inappropriate use of maps. Suggestions are made to mitigate the effects of outdated maps.     

中国TBM施工技术进展、挑战及对策

总结我国近30年来TBM设计与施工技术的发展历程,可归纳为以下5个阶段:1)研发探索和试用阶段;2)以国外施工承包商为主体,采用国外设计制造TBM施工我国隧道工程阶段;3)独立进行TBM招标采购和选型设计,并建立起自主的TBM施工队伍阶段;4)与国外厂家联合设计制造TBM,工程应用和自主施工快速发展阶段;5)实现TBM国产化,面向国内外TBM工程市场自主施工阶段。通过我国不同时期TBM施工的典型工程,介绍我国在复杂地质、大坡度、高海拔、不同直径、不同机型、超长隧洞TBM施工方面取得的经验、技术积累和业绩,展示我国TBM在穿越断层破碎带、软弱变形、岩爆、涌水等不良地质洞段取得的一系列施工新技术,以及最高月进尺1 868 m、平均月进尺超过600 m和掘进作业利用率超过40%的掘进技术水平。分析TBM在极硬岩、大断层破碎带、软弱大变形围岩、强岩爆围岩、涌水突泥洞段、高地热隧洞和超长隧洞工程中施工面临的风险和挑战,并提出一些相应的技术措施和对策,期望这些措施和对策在未来大量实际工程中进一步得到实践验证、优化和改进,不断积累和创新TBM设计与施工新技术。     

美国限速制定方法及启示

为使我国道路限速的制定更为合理,借鉴国外相关经验是必不可少的。总结了美国设置限速时考虑的主要因素、限速设置方法及其适用条件。对美国部分城市的州际道路及主干路的限速实施状况进行了分析,认为测速相机等自动执法设备的辅助使用能够在很大程度上提高驾驶人对限速的遵守程度。在借鉴美国限速方法及实施经验的基础上,指出我国在制定道路相关限速标准时,应结合国情确定限制速度与运行速度、设计速度之间的互动关系,以及限速与安全、执法等之间的关系。然后针对不同的道路类型、等级等特性研究采用不同的限速方案,解决速度区限速取值及不同速度区之间如何平滑过渡衔接等问题,明确了我国限速研究的基础性内容。     

The changes of neuronal activity of the zone incerta in a rodent model of Parkinson＇s disease

Objective To study the changes in neuronal activity of the zone incerta (ZI) following the unilateral lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway. Methods Eiectrophysiological recordings of ZI neurons were made in normal rats and in two groups of rats at different time intervals after injection of 6-hydrodopamine (6-OHDA) into the pars compacta of snbstantia nigra by extracellular recording in vivo. Results The results showed a significant increase in the mean firing rate of ZI during the second and fourth weeks after 6-OHDA lesion [-n=32, (3.6±2. 2)Hz, P<0.001; n=35, (9.3±6.6)Hz, P<0. 001, respectively] compared to that of normal rats [n=39, (9.2±5.2)Hz]. However, no significant change was observed between two groups of 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. With regard to firing pattern, 7.7%(3/39) of ZI neurons discharged regularly, 82.1% (32/39) irregularly and 10. 3% (4/39) in bursts in normal rats. During the second week after 6-OHDA lesion, the regular, irregular and bursting firing neurons recorded in the ZI were 9.4% (3/32), 59. 4% (19/32) and 31.3% (10/32), and during fourth week, the regular, irregular and bursting firing neurons were 14.3% (5/35), 57.1% (20/35) and 28. 6% (10/35), respectively. The firing pattern of the neurons in the three different groups did not change significantly. Conclusion These results suggest that the firing rate of ZI neurons in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats is increased significantly, which may contribute to the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease.     

基于动视觉特性的高速公路景观敏感区划分

分析了驾驶人动视觉特性,研究了驾驶人的水平视野角度、前景视图、注意力集中点与最深视野随着车速的变化规律,构建了基于驾驶人动视觉特性的高速公路景观敏感区模型,并推导了景观敏感区函数。运用景观敏感区模型计算了双向四车道高速公路在不同限速条件下的景观敏感区尺度,运用景观敏感区函数获得分级结果,并阐述了不同景观敏感区的属性与景观要素设计要点。通过对比试验,研究了边坡宽度与一级景观敏感区尺度之间的关系。研究结果表明:双向四车道高速公路景观敏感区尺度为545m,一~三级敏感区尺度分别为55、260、230m,其中一级景观敏感区属于最敏感区域;进行边坡景观设计时可通过修正坡度的方法改变边坡宽度占高速公路景观敏感区的比重,坡度越缓,景观敏感性越高。     

大连市主城区停车分区供给策略研究

随着大连机动车保有量快速增长,城区规模不断扩大,主城区内停车问题逐渐凸显,且呈现出区域差别化的特点.在总结其他城市经验的基础上,结合大连城市发展现状及规划,划定停车分区,提出各分区停车设施供给策略,为大连城市未来停车系统的发展提供参考.