轨道动力学模型与数值方法研究进展

随着列车速度的提高和轴重的增加,车辆与轨道之间的相互作用更加激烈.深入开展轮轨动态作用机理研究,对高速重载铁路安全平稳运行具有重要意义.文章回顾了轨道动力学模型的研究进展,重点介绍了五种轨道动力学模型及算法,即车辆-轨道-路基非线性耦合系统交叉迭代算法,新型车辆单元和轨道单元模型,列车轨道系统动态分析的移动单元法,移动...     

基于FSA方法的新船试航中主机调试安全性评估

新造船舶试航过程具有诸多的特殊性,也存在很多事故隐患,其安全性不容忽视。在诸多新船试航事故中,主机失控是其中重要的隐患之一。采用FSA方法对试航过程中主机安全性进行评估,通过建立故障树(FTA),找出引发主机失控这一安全隐患的最小径集,在此基础上做出有针对性的分析,并提出相应建议,确保新造船舶航行试验安全顺利进行。     

深水平台上层模块海上吊装多浮体响应分析

海上吊装操作是平台海上安装作业中的重要一步,深海吊装操作面临着恶劣海况的考验。对于海上吊装操作过程中的多浮体相互干扰运动,采用了时域数值纽马克方法求解,选定JONSWAP风浪谱进行随机海况模拟。重点研究了不同浪向组合对多浮体运动响应的影响,提出安全作业浪向。在安全海况下进行了不同风速影响的研究,提出安全作业的风速范围。在安全作业海况下进行了吊装操作模拟,证实吊装操作能平稳进行,对海上吊装操作安全顺利进行具有重要意义。     

船舶海水管系腐蚀的原因及防腐蚀措施

海水作为含盐量非常高的天然腐蚀溶液,对船舶海水管系的腐蚀是巨大且无法避免的。主要分析了船舶海水管系不同的腐蚀机理、腐蚀因素、腐蚀形式,以及影响腐蚀的因素。针对海水管系腐蚀特点。提出海水管系常用的保护方式,以尽量减少海水管系的腐蚀及由此带来的危险。     

无信控路段人行横道处行人过街建模与仿真

为精细化描述无信控路段人行横道处行人过街决策及微观运动行为,本文在行人过街行为分析的基础上,基于战术层-操作层构建行人过街双层模型。其中,在战术层面,针对行人分步决策特性,利用二元Logistic回归模型构建路侧和路中行人过街决策模型;在操作层面,针对传统社会力模型在描述行人过街时表现出的局限性,引入行人主动避让力和人行横道对行人的作用力,构建行人过街微观运动模型。最后,通过AnyLogic仿真平台实现行人过街双层模型仿真,并根据实际数据和仿真结果分析模型有效性。结果表明：相较于路侧决策模型,行人性别、停车视距内的车辆数和行人距潜在冲突点的距离这3个因素对行人路中决策结果影响更显著,引入行人主动避让力和人行横道对行人作用力的改进社会力模型,能更好地反映无信控路段行人过街时的行为特征。无信控路段人行横道处行人过街行为仿真模型的有效建立,能为后续行人过街安全改善方案提供决策支持。     

行人过街风格多参数融合识别

行人作为城市慢行交通系统中的弱势群体,探究其过街行为特征,对减少人车冲突,提升行人过街的本质安全具有重要的现实意义。本文针对特定交叉口,设计自由过街及心理临界过街两种场景状态下的行人过街试验。分析过街速度、心理临界时窗及视觉特性等参数之间的耦合关系,选取风险感知因子与临界安全系数作为心理临界过街状态下行人风格的表征指标,构建过街风格识别模型,透析不同风格行人过街行为可靠性。结果表明：年龄对过街速度和心理临界时窗有显著影响;心理临界时窗与过街速度和信号灯区域注视概率呈负相关关系,与车行区域注视概率呈正相关;心理临界过街状态下,依据风格识别结果,男性谨慎程度高于女性,冒险型行人过街失败率为65.22%;冒险型老年人对自身运动机能的评估能力以及视觉搜索特征存在重要缺憾。研究结果可为交叉口基础设施设计与优化,行人过街教育与培训等提供参考。     

城市轨道交通隧道双护盾TBM过站施工技术

为解决双护盾TBM 在城市轨道交通隧道施工中频繁过站的问题，以青岛地铁2号线双护盾TBM施工为背景，根据TBM所经车站的具体情况，结合车站施工条件及TBM过站影响，研究并实施了空推和平移2种双护盾TBM过站方式，制订了合理可行的TBM过站方案和关键措施，解决了双护盾TBM 过站多次拆解、组装、调试以及对车站影响的技术难题，为青岛地铁1号线、4号线、8号线采用双护盾TBM施工提供了参考和借鉴。     

Policy considerations for wetland wastewater treatment in the coastal zone: A case study for Louisiana

Two major environmental problems currently affecting the Louisiana coastal zone are a high rate of wetland loss and high levels of surface water pollution. The application of secondarily treated wastewater to wetlands can be a means of dealing with both of these problems. The benefits of wetland wastewater treatment include improved surface water quality, increased accretion rates to balance a high relative water level rise due mainly to subsidence, improved plant productivity and habitat quality, and decreased capital outlays for conventional engineering treatment systems. Wetland treatment systems can, therefore, be designed and operated to restore deteriorating wetlands. Hydrologically altered wetlands, which are common in the Louisiana coastal zone, are appropriate for receiving municipal and some types of industrial effluent. While the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has determined wetland wastewater treatment is effective in treating municipal effluent, it has discouraged the use of natural wetlands for this purpose. At the same time, funds are being used for the construction of artificial wetlands to treat municipal effluent. In the Louisiana coastal zone, however, wetlands are deteriorating and disappearing due to hydrological alteration and a high rate of relative sea level rise. If no action is taken, these trends will continue. Effluent discharge to existing wetlands should be incorporated into a comprehensive management plan designed to increase sediment and nutrient input into subsiding wetlands in the Louisiana coastal zone, improve water quality, and result in more economical waste‐water treatment. The authors believe that the Louisiana example serves as a model for other coastal areas especially in light of projections of accelerated sea level rise.     

Performance comparison between pedestrian push-button and pre-timed pedestrian crossings at midblock: a Korean case study

Walking has been highlighted as an independent transportation mode as well as an access/egress mode to/from public transit to encourage the use of more sustainable transport systems. However, walking does not seem to have priority over other transportation modes, especially in areas where various modes of movement are in conflict. The pedestrian push-button system seems to be a solution to distribute the right of way. The focus of this study is on the performance issue of the pedestrian push-button. Specifically, this study deals with issues related to mid-block crossings and attempts to answer two questions: whose waiting time is longer at pre-timed and push-button crossings, pedestrians, or vehicles? and which system – pre-timed or push-button – is better in terms of total waiting time? According to our simulation analyses, if the pedestrian flow rate is less than 120, 85, and 70 ped/h for two-, three-, and four-lane roads, respectively, the push-button system is recommended.     

State ocean policy initiatives in Florida

Abstract

A territorial sea comprising 6.7 million acres of offshore lands extending three geographic miles into the Atlantic Ocean three marine leagues (nine geographic miles) into the Gulf of Mexico makes Florida the second largest “oceanowning”; state in the contiguous United States. Florida's history, climate, economic development, and worldwide reputation have evolved from the state's relationship with the sea. The state is now becoming aware that aggressive management of its ocean resources is necessary to preserve the future of that relationship. The purpose of this article is to present some of Florida's recent legal and policy initiatives that have been directed toward better understanding and management of ocean resources and uses.