北京市“十三五”交通节能减排发展目标与策略

“十三五”期间,北京市面临持续增加的客货运输需求,以及日益紧迫的资源环境外在刚性约束,如何取得突破与实质进展成为规划与顶层设计中关注的关键问题。首先,判断北京市交通行业节能减排发展现状及未来形势需求。其次,应用基于单车活动水平的能耗排放模型预测,明确“十三五”末期北京市交通行业节能减排“一控、双降、四提升”的发展目标。围绕目标的实现,从零碳交通系统、客货运输体系、运输装备工具、交通基础设施、交通技术、行为意识,以及交通管理体系几个方面提出交通节能减排发展策略。最后,对城市交通节能减排发展之路提出建议。     

南京市老城区老旧小区停车发展政策与策略

老城区老旧小区停车位配建水平普遍较低,合理制定老旧小区停车发展政策与策略是缓解其停车矛盾的根本措施。首先指出南京市老城区老旧小区普遍存在停车位缺额大、大量车辆转移停放至小区外围道路的问题。基于数据分析不同年代建设的小区停车供需的差异化特征。通过对老城区老旧小区停车趋势进行判断,提出综合治理、多元化、市场化的停车发展思路与策略。最后,从机制与政策、规划与建设、运行与管理等方面提出停车发展政策建议,具体包括通过制定相关政策,鼓励和引导小区建设和改造停车设施;引入交通影响评价制度,针对不同片区确定停车位扩容上限;强化停车秩序管理,以价格杠杆调节停车需求等。     

澳大利亚重载列车纵向动力的研究

在进行BHP铁矿石重载运输时,列车平均轴重在35t以上、整列车由220辆车组成的情况已为数不少,列车的纵向动力常常会大于1000kN。20世纪90年代中期,高的列车纵向力导致列车沿着坡度大的坡道下行和在起伏很大的路段上运行时出现列车分离。与修改车辆维修工艺和操作程序一样,对列车驾驶方法进行了研究和修正,并对列车实际操作进行了调整。通过一系列的措施,大大减少了列车延误次数。     

Seaports and the structural implications of the economic crisis

The 2008 credit crunch and the subsequent economic crisis ended a period that lasted over two decades wherein international seaports around the globe experienced double-digit volume increases. This chapter provides an analysis of the structural effects that the crisis has on seaports, focusing mostly on developments in Europe. It does so via an examination of (a) the crisis implication for each of the four major types of transport flows that account for the vast majority of port throughput worldwide; (b) the prospects for future capacity organisation and development, given the realignment of the involvement strategies that the various stakeholders (i.e., governments, port authorities, service providers, users, investors) endorse in reaction to the financial tsunami; and (c) the adjustment opportunities, that the trade downturn unintentionally provides, allowing for correction of existing misallocations in the sector via the deployment of relevant adjustment strategies by the related actors. Recapping the identified structural consequences, the final section concludes on the changing role and responsibilities of port authorities and the ‘new issues’ that will require further investigation in the post-financial tsunami era.     

Workshop report - Public transport markets in development

Developing countries and countries in transition represent between 85% and 90% of the world’s population and face unique public transport challenges that are not necessarily present in developed countries. Issues such as the affordability and accessibility of public transport, funding support and capacity to implement are some of the challenges these countries face. Barriers to strategy implementation in these countries could be a failure to understand the broader business and social environment, poor leadership, a lack of inter-disciplinary and inter-implementer collaboration, and weak monitoring and feedback loops. Weak institutional frameworks are evidenced in inappropriate structures often resulting in institutional inertia and conflict. Over-promising of potential impacts and benefits together with a failure to develop sustainable funding mechanisms often lead to a lack of implementation. The workshop argued that different competition and ownership solutions are needed for a range of factors. This poses a challenge to the THREDBO community as it could mean that the traditional concepts are either not relevant or not usable in the majority of the world’s developing countries, or that the traditional approaches are relevant in many respects but need to be substantially extended and adapted to be applicable and usable in the rest of the world.     

海上协同作战对通信能力的需求与对策研究

海上协同作战是各国海上作战的发展趋势,其作战效能的有效发挥有赖于宽带实时的数据传输分配系统。文章在分析美军CEC系统中数据分发系统（DDS）的基础上,讨论了海上协同作战对通信能力的需求,并根据这些需求提出了一些初步的应对策略。     

A two-sided market platform analysis for the electric vehicle adoption: Firm strategies and policy design

This study explores how to facilitate the electric vehicle (EV) diffusion from a two-sided market platform competition. We develop a stylized model depicting the platform competition between electric and gasoline vehicles by combining indirect network effects of consumer and energy supplier sides as well as vehicle manufacturers’ profits. The findings of this study provide several meaningful strategic and policy implications for EV manufacturers and policymakers who wish to enhance EV diffusion. First, EV sales are significantly influenced by indirect network effects from the energy supplier side to the consumer side, and vice versa. This implies that EV manufacturers who wish to boost EV diffusion should implement a strategy providing energy suppliers with incentives to willingly join the EV platform. Second, the dynamic nature of the effects of energy costs on platform competition might render counter-intuitive evidence that the drop in oil prices does not always negatively influence EV sales. This requires EV manufacturers to prepare a contingent strategy adjusting to such unexpected conditions. Third, governments should consider the energy supplier side as well as the consumer side in designing EV diffusion policies. When governments have a very challenging EV diffusion target, a balanced policy, which treats both gasoline and electric vehicle technologies fairly, may be more effective than a consumer subsidy policy.     

省域边缘门户城市交通发展战略

省域边缘城市地形条件特殊,城市规模、行政体制、交通网络、经济水平等历史发展条件一般较为滞后。分析在城镇化发展新阶段,省域边缘城市面临的发展机遇和挑战。提出省域边缘城市具有共通性的交通发展战略思路:区域层面借势承接,市域层面形成局部核心,市区层面强调本地特色。同时指出,需针对不同城市的具体条件制定特殊性的战略内容,要考虑的关键因素包括:区域联系方向的多少与主次,与市域其他地区经济、区位、资源等要素强弱对比,对区域中心城市交通模式的借鉴及差异化选择。     

The Share-a-Ride problem with stochastic travel times and stochastic delivery locations

We consider two stochastic variants of the Share-a-Ride problem: one with stochastic travel times and one with stochastic delivery locations. Both variants are formulated as a two-stage stochastic programming model with recourse. The objective is to maximize the expected profit of serving a set of passengers and parcels using a set of homogeneous vehicles. Our solution methodology integrates an adaptive large neighborhood search heuristic and three sampling strategies for the scenario generation (fixed sample size sampling, sample average approximation, and sequential sampling procedure). A computational study is carried out to compare the proposed approaches. The results show that the convergence rate depends on the source of stochasticity in the problem: stochastic delivery locations converge faster than stochastic travel times according to the numerical test. The sample average approximation and the sequential sampling procedure show a similar performance. The performance of the fixed sample size sampling is better compared to the other two approaches. The results suggest that the stochastic information is valuable in real-life and can dramatically improve the performance of a taxi sharing system, compared to deterministic solutions.