PLASMA SODIUM AND NaCl-SENSITIVE HYPERTENSION

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Modeling traffic operation at signalized intersections without explicit left‐turn yielding rules with an enhanced cell transmission model

This paper presents an enhanced cell transmission model (CTM) to capture traffic operation at signalized intersections without explicit permissive left‐turn yielding rules (i.e. aggressive permissive left‐turn maneuvers may not necessarily yield to opposing through traffic), which can be widely observed in many developing countries. Different from previous studies that focus on traffic dynamics on approaching links, this study contributes to modeling traffic operations within the intersection. A novel cell transmission framework with various types of virtual cells is proposed to model the dynamics of traffic movements from approach to exit. The unique phenomenon of competitive occupying of the conflict point between the left turn and opposing through movements is modeled. The cell state indicating its blockage is proposed to capture the dynamic queue formulation and dissipation and to evaluate the operational traffic performance at the intersection. Field validation results show that the proposed model can capture the operation of traffic at signalized intersections without explicit permissive left‐turn yielding rules with significantly higher level of accuracy than traditional traffic flow models. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Differences in single heavy vehicle crashes at intersections and midblocks

The objective of this research is to identify the factors differentiating between single heavy vehicle collisions at intersections and midblocks by using a binary logit model. Our results show that single vehicle crashes involving heavy vehicle at intersections are more likely to occur on main roads and highways, whereas crashes at midblocks are more likely to occur on divided two‐way roads, roads with special facilities or features (e.g. bridge) and roads with a higher percentage of heavy vehicle traffic. Intersection crashes are also more likely to involve vehicles that are turning left or right, resulting in angle crashes and vehicle overturn, whereas midblock crashes are more likely to involve vehicles on higher posted speed roads. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Severity of pedestrian injuries due to traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong: a Bayesian spatial logit model

The present study intended to (1) investigate the injury risk of pedestrian casualties involved in traffic crashes at signalized intersections in Hong Kong; (2) determine the effect of pedestrian volumes on the severity levels of pedestrian injuries; and (3) explore the role of spatial correlation in econometric crash‐severity models. The data from 1889 pedestrian‐related crashes at 318 signalized intersections between 2008 and 2012 were elaborately collected from the Traffic Accident Database System maintained by the Hong Kong Transport Department. To account for the cross‐intersection heterogeneity, a Bayesian hierarchical logit model with uncorrelated and spatially correlated random effects was developed. An intrinsic conditional autoregressive prior was specified for the spatial correlation term. Results revealed that (1) signalized intersections with greater pedestrian volumes generally exhibited a lower injury risk; (2) ignoring the spatial correlation potentially results in reduced model goodness‐of‐fit, an underestimation of variability and standard error of parameter estimates, as well as inconsistent, biased, and erroneous inference; (3) special attention should be paid to the following factors, which led to a significantly higher probability of pedestrians being killed or sustaining severe injury: pedestrian age greater than 65 years, casualties with head injuries, crashes that occurred on footpaths that were not obstructed/overcrowded, heedless or inattentive crossing, crashes on the two‐way carriageway, and those that occurred near tram or light‐rail transit stops. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

干线公路城镇段接入方式适应性分析

地方道路随意接入干线公路不仅造成了干线公路街道化现象越来越明显,而且也严重制约了干线功能的发挥。在分析接入方式影响因素的基础上给出了直接接入、利用辅路接入、利用服务道路接入和联合出入口4种接入方式的利弊以及适用情况,为合理地规划设计地方道路接入干线公路提供了参考。     

在斜交十字交叉口内设置车辆待行区的研究

针对斜交十字交叉口存在的安全隐患等问题,提出为锐角进入交叉口的次路车流设置车辆待行区,使支路车流可以分两个阶段通过交叉口．以一级公路为例,运用概率论和排队论计算了车辆待行区所适应的交通量范围,给出了通行能力的计算方法．在不同交通量情况下,比较了普通让行、信号灯和设置车辆待行区三种交叉口控制方式的延误．     

基于人均延误的公交优先信号交叉口配时研究

以交叉口人均延误最小为目标,考虑公交专用道影响因素,利用延误偏差优度指数建立信号配时优化模型。结合实例,实现定时控制交叉口参数确定过程,并得到参数与延误偏差优度指数的关系。该配时方案能有效减少人均延误,为进一步发展公交优先及提高交叉口通行能力提供理论依据。     

城市无信号控制T型交叉口通行能力计算方法

以当量人群描述非机动车和行人对机动车通行的共同影响,对城市无信号控制T型交叉口的交通流运行优先等级进行重新划分,共划分为5 级.将主路直行车流和横穿支路的当量人群流作为独立优先流,应用间隙接受理论,研究了各次级交通流的可能通行能力计算方法.考虑高等级次级交通流及横穿主路的当量人群流的影响,采用概率论方法研究了各次级交通流的可能通行能力修正系数,从而得到各次级交通流的实际通行能力计算模型,进而得到整个无信号控制T型交叉口的通行能力计算方法.结果表明,以当量人群描述非机动车和行人对机动车通行的共同影响计算过程简单,符合我国城市道路交叉口非机动车和行人多的实际情况.     

城市立交方案评价指标权重确定方法研究

文章针对主观赋权法和客观赋权法确定权重系数的不足,提出了一种采用组合赋权法确定指标权重评价城市立交方案的新思路。并结合广东省佛山市黄岐互通立交改造工程,介绍了该组合赋权法在互通立交方案选择中的具体应用。