Ant Colony Routing algorithm for freeway networks

Dynamic traffic routing refers to the process of (re)directing vehicles at junctions in a traffic network according to the evolving traffic conditions. The traffic management center can determine desired routes for drivers in order to optimize the performance of the traffic network by dynamic traffic routing. However, a traffic network may have thousands of links and nodes, resulting in a large-scale and computationally complex non-linear, non-convex optimization problem. To solve this problem, Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) is chosen as the optimization method in this paper because of its powerful optimization heuristic for combinatorial optimization problems. ACO is implemented online to determine the control signal – i.e., the splitting rates at each node. However, using standard ACO for traffic routing is characterized by four main disadvantages: 1. traffic flows for different origins and destinations cannot be distinguished; 2. all ants may converge to one route, causing congestion; 3. constraints cannot be taken into account; and 4. neither can dynamic link costs. These problems are addressed by adopting a novel ACO algorithm with stench pheromone and with colored ants, called Ant Colony Routing (ACR). Using the stench pheromone, the ACR algorithm can distribute the vehicles over the traffic network with less or no traffic congestion, as well as reduce the number of vehicles near some sensitive zones, such as hospitals and schools. With colored ants, the traffic flows for multiple origins and destinations can be represented. The proposed approach is also implemented in a simulation-based case study in the Walcheren area, the Netherlands, illustrating the effectiveness of the approach.     

A bi-objective dynamic programming approach for airline green fleet planning

Ensuring a fleet of green aircraft is a basic step in mitigating aviation pollution issues that are expected to be worsen in the coming years due to rapid air traffic growth. This study proposed a novel methodology in green fleet planning in which both profit and green performance of airline are considered simultaneously and explicitly. To do this, a Green Fleet Index (GFI) is derived as an indicator to quantify the green performance of airline’s fleet. It measures the degree of airline compliance with a standard requirement in terms of emission, noise, and fuel consumption. A bi-objective dynamic programming model is then formulated to find optimal aircraft acquisition (lease or purchase) decision by minimizing GFI and maximizing profit. Several interesting results are obtained: (1) considering environmental issue as secondary objective yields a greener fleet; (2) airline’s profit is affected, but could be recovered from environmental cost savings; (3) increasing load factor is an effective operational improvement strategy to enhance airline’s green performance and raise profit level. It is anticipated that the framework developed in this study could assist airlines to make a smart decision when considering the need to be green.     

高速铁路5×50m钢箱-混凝土连续结合梁设计研究

连续结合梁作为将钢与混凝土相组合共同参与工作的体系,受力十分复杂,应用中要确保结构具有良好的静力、动力性能。以某高速铁路5×50 m钢箱-混凝土连续结合梁为工程背景,介绍设计时对负弯矩区处理、桥面板预应力施加、混凝土徐变和活载效应、动力性能等重点问题的计算和分析,研究表明,通过调整施工顺序、采用合理的徐变及活载计算方法、底板铺设混凝土等措施,可使结构各项指标满足要求。     

不断轨动态称量轨道衡安装导引

从轨道衡地点选定、线路要求、机械台而、电气设备等方面介绍不断轨动态称量轨道衡安装各阶段、过程的方法与指引，以及轨道衡的计量检定。     

汽车生产企业如何构建DFMEA平台

随着全球化进程的推进,制定一个国际通用的汽车行业质量管理体系认证标准已经成为广大汽车生产厂家的共同呼声,在此背景下,ISO/TS16949在1999年应运而生。经过适应性更改,2003年ISO/TS16949:2002正式发布并沿用至今。五大工具是ISO/TS16949:2002推荐的产品策划、过程控制、实现预防为主及其测量系统评定的重要手段,是集世界汽车制造企业专家管理经验之大成而总结的产品质量管理方法,其在企业生产经营的过程中表现出来的质量控制的有效性已经经过实践再三检验。五大工具之一——设计潜在失效模式及后果分析(DFMEA)是ISO/TS16949:2002推荐的实现预防为主的重要手段。应用DFMEA可以识别、评价产品设计中潜在的失效及其后果,找到能够避免或减少这些潜在失效发生的措施。将这些分析过程文件化,这是对设计过程的完善。成功实施DFMEA的重要因素之一是及时性,它是一个"事前的行为",而不是"事后的处置",为达到最佳效益,DFMEA必须在产品设计失效模式被纳入到产品设计之前进行。ISO/TS16949:2002中有大小15个条款涉及DFMEA,其质量控制思想贯穿于TS16949标准全过程。如何快速应用DFMEA工具,在汽车产品设计过程中有效的进行质量控制,成为各大汽车生产厂家应该重点关注的问题。     

动态信号采集分析仪(CY-1型)系统及原理

介绍了动态信号采集分析仪（CY-1型）的原理。该系统适用于多种物理模型试验，如船舶性能、船舶在风浪流自然载荷条件下对港口设施的影响（码头受到的撞击力与缆绳受到的拉力等）、桥墩防撞设施以及水工结构物等。实践表明，该系统精度高且操作方便，所以在物理模型试验中是不可或缺的。最后指出了可进一步完善该系统的若干方法。     

Simulation of dynamic interaction between train and railway turnout

Dynamic train–track interaction is more complex in railway turnouts (switches and crossings) than that in ordinary tangent or curved tracks. Multiple contacts between wheel and rail are common, and severe impact loads with broad frequency contents are induced, when nominal wheel–rail contact conditions are disturbed because of the continuous variation in rail profiles and the discontinuities in the crossing panel. The absence of transition curves at the entry and exit of the turnout, and the cant deficiency, leads to large wheel–rail contact forces and passenger discomfort when the train is switching into the turnout track. Two alternative multibody system (MBS) models of dynamic interaction between train and a standard turnout design are developed. The first model is derived using a commercial MBS software. The second model is based on a multibody dynamics formulation, which may account for the structural flexibility of train and track components (based on finite element models and coordinate reduction methods). The variation in rail profile is accounted for by sampling the cross-section of each rail at several positions along the turnout. Contact between the back of the wheel flange and the check rail, when the wheelset is steered through the crossing, is considered. Good agreement in results from the two models is observed when the track model is taken as rigid.     

落实科学发展观 提高辽宁辖区船舶溢油应急处置能力

船舶数量的增多和船舶大型化，使海上因船舶交通事故引发的船舶溢油风险概率大增。一直以来。由于我国对船舶溢油应急处置能力建设的滞后，有效应对海上溢油尤其是突发性重大溢油事故的能力还很弱，因此，尽快提高溢油应急处置能力具有重大的现实意义。文中从提高对船舶溢油应急处置能力重要性的认识出发。科学分析了造成应急处置能力低的根源，并从落实科学发展观的角度，具体提出了有效提高海上溢油应急处置能力的方法和途径。     

半刚性基层材料动态模量研究

文章针对我国常用的水泥稳定碎石和二灰稳定碎石两种半刚性材料,通过大量的室内试验研究,建立了两种材料动态模量与无侧限抗压强度和静态模量的关系,为没有条件进行动态模量试验的单位进行路面结构设计提供建议。     

两种舰船—飞机耦合系统的降阶建模方法

舰船的运动和甲板的变形，对着舰飞机的冲击载荷会产生影响，而该冲击载荷又会直接影响飞行甲板的变形，因此两者的运动是耦合的，需要把它们作为一耦合系统进行分析。本文对该耦合系统提出了两种降阶建模方法。该方法首先对飞行甲板进行动力缩聚，使其只包含在整个降落过程中会与飞机起落架的运动发生耦合的所有自由度，然后把降阶了的模型与飞机一起建工耦合动力学方程。运用该方法建立起来的动力学方程规模将大大减小。通过对某型号飞机及舰船计算表明，本文提出的方法是可行的。