基于神经网络和遗传算法的系泊线长度参数优化

摘 要: 针对多成分系泊线三段长度如何取值的问题,采用一种基于神经网络和遗传算法对深海多成分锚泊系统长度进行优化。应用AQWA软件计算多点系泊FPSO,其时域结果直接用于训练BP神经网络。从而利用神经网络的非线性映射功能构建替代锚泊时域计算网络,大大缩短了优化所需的时间。以FPSO最小平面运动值为目标函数,锚链破断强度作为约束条件,采用遗传算法优化系泊长度。计算结果表明,与传统设计的锚泊长度相比,优化后FPSO在各个浪向下纵荡横荡值均能减少20%以上。 关键词:系泊;神经网络;遗传算法;优化     

复杂载荷作用下船体板格屈曲强度计算公式研究

分析复杂载荷作用下船体板格结构屈曲强度的影响因素,基于ANSYS软件APDL模块参数化建模,对这些因素进行相关性分析,排除无关参数,保留有关参数,得到屈曲强度的定性表达式。然后变更有关参数,得到不同的有限元模型,通过计算得到不同模型下的屈曲强度,分析大量数据,最终得到屈曲强度的定量表达式。该公式可以在工程上用于复杂载荷作用下船体板格结构的屈曲评估,具有重要的实用价值。     

冰激自升式钻井平台的动力响应分析

由于冰荷载研究的限制,冰区自升式钻井平台尚未形成基于动冰力响应分析的结构设计。为了合理地开展自升式平台结构的抗冰概念设计与安全评价研究,冰荷载下自升式钻井平台的动力响应分析是十分必要的。该文首先分析该类柔性结构在动冰荷载下的动力特性;其次,结合开展的自升式平台冰荷载模型实验研究,明确带齿条桩腿的自升式平台冰荷载作用形式;最后,对渤海某自升式钻井平台在典型冰况下进行冰振动力响应分析。文中的研究对冰区自升式钻井平台抗冰设计及冰振安全评估提供了合理的参考。     

An integrated methodology for the design of mooring systems and risers

Traditionally, the design of mooring lines and risers of floating production systems (FPS) has been performed separately, by different teams, employing uncoupled analysis tools that do not consider the nonlinear interaction between the platform hull and the mooring lines and risers. Design processes have been focused on fulfilling the design criteria of the respective component (mooring/riser) alone, with few or no consideration to the other component, and little interaction between the design teams. Nowadays the importance of employing analysis tools based on coupled formulations is widely recognized, and analysis strategies have been proposed to consider feedback between mooring lines and risers within their respective design processes.In this context, this work details a proposal of one single and fully integrated design methodology for mooring systems and risers for deep-water FPS. In this methodology, the design stages of both risers and mooring lines are incorporated in a single spiral, allowing the full interaction of different teams; mooring design implicitly considers the riser integrity, and vice-versa, leading to gains in efficiency and cost reduction.Different analysis strategies are employed, taking advantage of uncoupled and coupled numerical models. The models generated at the initial/intermediate design stages can be reused in subsequent stages: simpler models are used in the initial stages, and more refined models are gradually introduced, to reach an ideal balance between computational cost and accuracy of results. In the advanced stages, the exchange of information between mooring/riser also allows the definition of criteria for the selection of governing/critical loading cases to be revised and verified in detail. This leads to the reduction of the original loading case matrix, allowing a feasible use of time-consuming fully coupled analysis.Results of a case study illustrating the application of some of the main processes of the methodology are included.     

车辆加载情况下静荷载测试

对于桥梁静荷载试验,试验规范推荐的分级加载方法不能确保在分级加载过程中桥梁结构的多个控制截面同时是安全的。将所有加载车的加载位置比拟成一个广义的点,使得安全动态加载的问题转化成求解安全加载域边界的几何问题,从而很容易计算出安全加载路径。分析安全加载域的定义及计算。     

考虑外环境影响的船舶操纵模拟自动舵系统

自动舵系统是建立船舶操纵离线模拟模型所要解决的关键因素之一，本文给出了一种船舶操纵模拟自动舵系统，该系统可以对船舶出入港时受到的复杂载荷，如风，浪，流，限制性航道等做出合理反应，可以应用于船舶出入港操纵运动的离线模拟中。     

基于分层壳元法多梁式T梁的极限承载力评估

基于分层壳元法,对钢筋混凝土多梁式T梁的极限承载力问题进行了研究。建立实体退化壳元模型后,推导了壳元位移场,用分层壳元模拟了多梁式T梁。基于Owen理论考虑了混凝土的材料非线性,并基于V.Karman假设考虑了结构的几何非线性。通过多梁式T梁实例分析,结果表明,应用分层壳元法能正确地进行多梁式T梁的非线性分析,能有效地评估结构的极限承载力,且支承形式对多梁式T梁的极限承载力有很大影响,研究表明应选择修正的铰支-弹性支承形式。     

错拐技术对内燃机内部激励力的影响研究

研究了对采用错拐技术的内燃机进行惯性力系平衡分析的通用方法,推导并建立了任意缸排夹角和任意错拐角条件下的V6机型惯性力系分析公式,分析得到了90°V6内燃机错拐30°后其惯性力系的平衡特性。针对某V6柴油机,对比分析了该柴油机采用错拐技术前后倾覆力矩及惯性力系的变化情况,结果表明,错拐曲轴平衡技术可有效抑制内燃机内部的激励载荷,是改善内燃机振动、噪声特性极为有效的技术措施之一。     

车辆随机动态荷载的多层次分析

根据影响车辆随机动态荷载的主要因素，在设定的多层次指标体系的基础上，将层次分析法（AHP）用于随机动态荷载的评定中。该方法将复杂的车辆随机动态荷载问题分解成若干层次，在各层次上对随机动态荷载进行定量分析。根据分析结果,建立了随机动态荷载的分级标准，为合理荷载模型的确定提供了依据。     

Extensive study on the design loads used for strength assessment of tanker and bulk carrier structures

ClassNK has undertaken wide-ranging basic research covering many aspects related to the safety of ship structures, including design loads, structural analysis, strength assessment of buckling, collapse, and fatigue, and rational corrosion margins to develop new design standards which have transparency and consistency. Among the wide-ranging basic research, this article summarizes the results of extensive work on the design loads used for strength assessments of tanker and bulk carrier structures. The main aim of the research was to develop practical estimation methods of design loads with rational technical backgrounds relating to the actual loads acting on the primary structural members of tankers and bulk carriers. During this study, we proposed the following methodology. Design sea states that closely resemble the actual sea states which are considered to be the most severe for hull structures. Find practical estimation methods for the design sea states by parametric studies using the results of series calculations on representative tankers and bulk carriers. Find practical estimation methods for design regular waves which will result in the same level of stresses as those induced in irregular waves under the design sea states. We also briefly introduced some practical estimation methods for the design loads, such as ship motions, accelerations, hull-girder bending moments, and hydrodynamic pressures that are induced under design regular waves. The findings in this study have been summarized and implemented in the new design standards for tanker and bulk carrier structures.Updated from the Japanese original which won the 2003 SNAJ prize (J Soc Nav Archit Jpn 2002; 191:195–207; 2002; 191:208–220; and 2002; 192:723–733)