端横撑位置对钢拱桥面外极限承载力的影响

针对主跨428 m的广州新光大桥设计方案,采用大型有限元软件ANSYS建立全桥三维有限元模型,分析横撑的数量和位置对弹性稳定和面外极限承载力的影响。结果表明,在端横撑位置确定的情况下,极限承载力随横撑数量增加先增大后降低;在横撑数量相同的情况下,端横撑位置对大跨度钢桁拱的弹性稳定和面外极限承载力影响显著,且端横撑的位置对弹性稳定的影响大于对面外极限承载力的影响。因此,在景观要求允许的情况下,端横撑应尽量向拱脚靠近。     

钢管自密实混凝土轴压受力机理试验研究

通过钢管混凝土短柱轴压试验,研究不同混凝土强度等级、钢管中部是否开小孔或不同高度的横槽以及不同加载方式对钢管自密实混凝土极限承载力、荷载—变形曲线和荷载—横向变形系数曲线的影响,探究钢管自密实混凝土的轴压受力机理。试验结果表明:当钢管与混凝土轴压同时受荷时,采用不同尺寸的应变片或中部某标距范围内的位移计测试可准确记录钢管的轴向变形;随着混凝土强度等级的提高,钢管自密实混凝土极限承载力不断增大,而剩余承载力基本不变;钢管与混凝土是否同时受荷对极限承载力和剩余承载力影响不大;钢管开小孔,钢管自密实混凝土轴向压缩变形性能减弱,钢管轴向承压能力减弱,而极限承载力和剩余承载力基本不变;钢管开槽,其受力机理发生变化,变形性能减弱,极限承载力降低,钢管更多地参与横向受拉工作。     

受损船体极限强度分析与可靠性评估

对预报船舶极限强度的解析公式作局部改进，使其更有效地用于评估或预报现代船舶剩余极限强度。将该方法同MVFOSM相结合，对一艘油船进行了完整船体（新建／老龄）与受损结构（搁浅／碰撞）极限总纵强度分析和可靠性评估及预报；某些结论可作为深入研究剩余强度理论或指导实船结构设计的参考。     

Effect of pitting corrosion on the ultimate strength of steel plates subjected to in-plane compression and bending

Corrosion pits with a circular cone shape are typically observed on coated hold frames of aged bulk carriers which carry exclusively coal and iron ore. In order to ensure the safety of these types of bulk carrier, it is necessary to understand the effect of pitting corrosion on the local strength of hold frames. In order to investigate this effect, a series of nonlinear finite-element (FE) analyses has been performed with pitted plates subjected to in-plane compressive loads and bending moments. It has been shown that the ultimate compression load or bending moment of pitted plates is smaller than that of uniformly corroded plates in terms of average thickness loss, and that predictions of the ultimate strength using the average thickness loss at the minimum cross section would be conservative. In order to establish a method of evaluating strength reduction due to pitting corrosion, it is important to identify the failure mode that would be most detrimentally affected by pitting corrosion. It was found that the reduction of the ultimate compressive load or bending moment due to pitting corrosion is smaller than that of the tensile strength in terms of equivalent thickness.     

地下水热效应桩基试验装置的研究和应用

为研究地下水对冻土地区桩基础的影响,针对现有冻土桩基试验设备的不足,对加载系统、位移采集系统等加以改进,并利用可调发热电阻作为热源,研制一套能够模拟地下水热效应的室内桩基模型试验装置,通过标定试验,确定装置模拟地下水热效应时的各项参数。利用该装置,开展不同地下水位置、有无地下水工况下的桩基承载力试验,对地下水热效应对单桩极限承载力的影响进行分析,其试验结果能够与理论模型计算较好的吻合,装置能够良好模拟地下水热效应。     

钢拱桥极限承载力的综合三因素检算方法

通过钢拱桥非线性计算及结果的分析,得出结论,钢拱桥极限承载力的实质是拱肋截面的材料屈服,随着塑性区的扩展,截面刚度降低,从而导致整体非线性位移的急剧增加。运用统计回归,逐一分析横向初始缺陷与横向位移因素指标R1l、拱圈整体横向刚度因素指标R2l和拱桥非保向力因素指标R3l,提出考虑上述三因素的综合因素指标Rl。依此建立钢拱桥极限承载力的综合三因素检算方法。经试验数据的初步验证以及用此方法对4座大跨钢拱桥进行检算的结果表明,该方法综合考虑了横向初始缺陷、横向位移、拱圈整体横向刚度和非保向力等影响钢拱桥极限承载力的主要因素,可简便且准确地检算钢拱桥的极限承载力。     

基于管道极限承载能力分析的深水S型铺管托管架基本设计研究

S型铺管托管架是铺管系统中的重要装备,起到支撑管道和引导管道入水的作用。其基本设计流程是一个复杂的循环过程,涉及铺管船推进力、张紧器张力、待铺设管道的尺寸和铺设水深等诸多参数的平衡和优选。本文基于下弯段管道在弯曲、拉伸和外压综合荷载作用下的极限承载能力分析,求解了铺管船推进力和张紧器拉力,并以此为边界条件推导了托管架长度的参数公式。以2500米水深铺设12英寸管道为例计算了所需的托管架曲率半径和设计长度,该计算方法可为S型铺管船托管架的基本设计提供参考。     

外接平板型金属夹层结构连接构件极限强度分析

激光焊接钢质夹层结构在国外已用于实船,其连接形式是亟待解决的关键问题之一。基于有限元分析软件ANSYS,研究了面内载荷作用下,I型金属夹层结构外接平板型连接构件的失效模式和极限承载能力,以及5种典型初始缺陷的尺寸和连接构件的设计参数对极限载荷的影响规律。结果显示,连接构件较短时,结构失效的主导因素是焊接接头形成了塑性铰;连接构件较长时,主导因素是连接构件失稳。对于各种类型的初始缺陷,随初始缺陷尺寸的增大,极限载荷均降低;连接构件、以及靠近连接构件的夹层面板和夹层腹板的初始缺陷对极限载荷的影响较大。在控制重量的条件下,欲增大极限承载能力,最有效的途径是增大连接构件厚度,并选取合适的连接构件长度。     

Ultimate strength assessment of stiffened panel under uni-axial compression with non-linear equivalent single layer approach

Steel stiffened panels are widely used in engineering design and construction. However, numerical modeling and analysis effort for a three-dimensional (3D) stiffened panel may be notable, especially for the ultimate limit state of ship structures. Therefore, a homogenization method is outlined that transforms 3D stiffened panel into an Equivalent Single Layer (ESL) concerning the same mechanical behavior. ESL stiffnesses are obtained with a unit cell analyses based on stiffened panel where periodicity is imposed with boundary conditions based on a first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). Stiffnesses were determined from the first derivative of a membrane force and bending moment obtained with numerical simulations. The effect of initial imperfection shape was included in the analysis to account for local and global buckling behavior. ESL with non-linear stiffness was implemented in Abaqus UGENS subroutine, allowing incremental evaluation of stiffness. Ultimate strength prediction of a steel grillage model with ESL finite element analysis was in excellent agreement with detailed 3D FEM analysis. The key in this analysis was consideration of non-linear ESL stiffness as linear analysis was unable to detect the point where ultimate strength capacity of the grillage was reached.