采用不同方法处理山区高速公路软基的效果分析

以GZ40勉宁高速公路为例,采用抛石挤淤法、粉喷桩法、孔内深层强夯挤密法和冲填法对不同路段软基进行了处理,通过现场的静荷载试验和面波剖面测试对不同方法的处理效果进行了分析,同时对4种方法进行了社会经济效益评价。分析表明以上4种方法均可适用于山区公路软基处理,而其中孔内深层强夯挤密法处理效果较好,且具有施工方便、速度快、无污染、对周围环境影响小和工程造价低等优点,具有广阔的应用前景和推广价值。     

城市发展与轨道交通建设

轨道交通建设发展是破解交通拥堵、交通污染、绿色出行环境差和停车难等城市病的有效途径。在轨道交通大发展机遇期,有必要探讨如何科学规划城市轨道交通系统,促进城市集约发展和改善城市交通状况。研究总结城市交通的内涵,即城市形成和发展中的内在要素,提出城市交通应服务于人的需求、组织城市高效可持续运行。从车辆技术成熟度与国产化水平、轨道交通制式多样化、轨道交通规划建设规模与城市形态和发展阶段的适配性、认证和标准体系、交通功能与城市功能融合的一体化土地开发、多模式公共交通衔接换乘等角度出发,梳理发展现况并归纳问题及症结。重点针对结合市情的轨道交通基础性问题,就科学规划城市和都市圈的轨道交通系统提出指导思想和具体建议。     

基于多旅行商问题的应急设施服务区划分模型

基于多旅行商问题，增设集散中心需求及应急服务设施资源容量约束条件，以最小化遍历区域内全部集散中心的综合旅行时间成本为优化目标，构建一种应急设施服务区划分模型，确定各应急设施的服务区范围.设计一种复合算法求解模型，首先基于P-中值选址模型的优化理念，形成初始方案；继而加入禁忌搜索算法，结合LKH求解器对模型进行迭代优化求得最优解.基于宁波市北仑区实际拓扑网络进行案例分析，验证了模型和求解方法的有效性.     

Influential vectors in fuel consumption by an urban bus operator: Bus route,driver behavior or vehicle type?

Energy costs account for an important share of the total costs of urban and suburban bus operators. The purpose of this paper is to expand empirical research on bus transit operation costs and identify the key factors that influence bus energy efficiency of the overall bus fleet of one operator and aid to the management of its resources.We estimate a set of multivariate regression models, using cross-section dataset of 488 bus drivers operating over 92 days in 2010, in 87 routes with different bus typologies, of a transit company operating in the Lisbon’s Metropolitan Area (LMA), Rodoviária de Lisboa, S.A.Our results confirm the existence of influential variables regarding energy efficiency and these are mainly: vehicle type, commercial speed, road grades over 5% and bus routes; and to a lesser extent driving events such as: sudden longitudinal decelerations and excessive engine rotation. The methodology proved to be useful for the bus operator as a decision-support tool for efficiency optimization purpose at the company level.     

采空区高速公路路基变形失稳的影响因素

矿体开采后会留下采空区.许多公路、铁路需要建在采空区之上或穿越这些采空区,面临因采空区塌陷所导致的路基失稳与破坏问题.了解采空区影响高速公路路基变形失稳的因素,对于有效避免此类病害发生具有重要指导意义.     

Conflict-free arrival and departure trajectory planning for parallel runway with advanced point-merge system

In this paper, an efficient trajectory planning system is proposed to solve the integration of arrivals and departures on parallel runways with a novel route network system. Our first effort is made in designing an advanced Point Merge (PM) route network named Multi-Level Point Merge (ML-PM) to meet the requirements of parallel runway operations. Then, more efforts are paid on finding a complete and efficient framework capable of dynamically modelling the integration of arrival and departure trajectories on parallel runways, modelling the conflict detection and resolution in presence of curved trajectory and radius-to-fix merging process. After that, a suitable mathematical optimization formulation is built up. Receding Horizon Control (RHC) and Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithms are proposed to search the near-optimal solution for the large scale trajectories in routine dense operations. Taking Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA) as a study case, the experimental results show that our system shows good performances on the management of arrivals and departures. It can automatically solve all the potential conflicts in presence of dense traffic flows. With its unique ML-PM route network, it can realize a shorter flying time and a near-Continuous Descent Approach (CDA) descent for arrival aircraft, an economical climbing for departure aircraft, an easier runway allocation together with trajectory control solutions. It shows a good and dynamic sequencing efficiency in Terminal Manoeuvring Area (TMA). In mixed ML-PM mode, under tested conditions, our proposed system can increase throughput at BCIA around 26%, compared with baseline. The methodology defined here could be easily applied to airports worldwide.     

艰险山区铁路施工营地建设关键技术问题研究

艰险山区铁路工程沿线地区一般具有自然灾害频发、高原高寒缺氧、建设条件极为困难、施工周期超长等复杂的外部环境。为满足艰险山区铁路施工营地建设“以人文本”需求,给参建人员生活提供适宜安全的环境,基于艰险山区铁路工程施工营地建设的外部环境分析,从房屋材质备选方案比选、营地建设需解决的关键技术问题、节能环保等方面对施工营地建设关键技术问题进行研究,并提出具体的方案与建议。研究成果可为山区铁路及类似工程的施工营地建设提供参考借鉴。     

铁路沿线城市空间物业开发研究——以宝鸡市南客站核心区站前广场工程为例

为了提升铁路沿线城市空间物业开发的设计手法,结合宝鸡市南客站核心区站前广场工程的设计实践,从系统性设计观、工程性质解析、消防设计思路、空间建构方法、无缝接驳、技术要素等方面进行研究分析,展示将铁路与城市系统进行一体化设计、利用自然资源解决消防和投资问题、平层空间中对多种交通体系的有机组织、不同坐标和高程系统背景下分区域构建柱网、各板块交接处的问题解决等技术成果,总结出同类型建筑的设计思路,力求为该领域的建筑设计发展提供有益的借鉴。     

新城区轨道交通线路规划关键问题研究

对国内外主城与新城衔接的新城区(郊区)轨道线特征及交通功能等因素进行总结分析，并结合武汉市及国内外典型城市新城区轨道交通规划建设经验，对新城区轨道交通线路规划关键问题做深入研究。提出对新城区轨道交通线路规划中与其他不同层次轨道线网功能及技术标准的衔接关系；与新城区发展应注重以轨道交通引领新城区协同发展，与城市空间结构高度契合关系；新城区轨道线路走向应沿预测主要客流走廊，串联新城区商业、交通枢纽等大型客流集散点，以缓解开通初期普遍面临客流量增长缓慢，客运强度偏低的问题。